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We provide a key magnetotelluric section, composed of archived magnetotelluric data along a NW-SE profile in Transdanubia, Hungary. For the interpretation of the key section, observations from raw magnetotelluric data and inversion results were used. In addition, other geophysical-geological information was also considered to confirm the conclusions based on the electrical resistivity sections. All this information was combined to identify the main structural lines and geologic units along the profile. Main structural lines observed on the resistivity sections are the Alpokalja line, Rába line, Balaton line, Kapos line, and Mecsekalja line. Geologic units that can be delineated due to their resistivity contrast include the Lower and Upper Austroalpine Units, the Transdanubian Range Unit, the Mid-Hungarian Megaunit, the Tisza Megaunit and sedimentary rocks filling the sub-basins of the Miocene Pannonian back-arc basin. The inversion results of the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization mode and the phase-depth sections of the raw data were found to be the most suitable for detecting the morphology and identifying the depth of the Pre-Cenozoic basement along the profile.

Our research focuses on the factors influencing the innovation activity of companies. The study is based on a Hungarian sample of 209 large and midsized companies. In addition to simple statistical methods, we use Heckit and probit regression analyses. We conclude that foreign firms do not significantly differ from Hungarian firms in terms of innovation activity and performance. High innovation costs, shortages of skilled labour, and weak innovation management constrain innovation the most. Corruption and the shadow economy hinder companies from innovating. Exporting companies spend more on innovation than companies focusing on domestic markets. Managerial competencies influence the firm's propensity to innovate. The main limitation of this study is the relatively small cross-sectional sample.

Although using supported noble-metal catalysts for CO2hydrogenation is an effective solution due to their excellent catalytic properties, metal oxide supports themselves can exhibit good activity being more economically feasible. This work focuses on investigating the complexity of the Co3O4system during the CO2methanation reaction, which is usually accompanied by the formation of unstable dispersions of cobalt oxide and metallic Co. Herein, we have tested different types of Co3O4: synthetically prepared mesoporous m-Co3O4(BET surface area, 95 m2/g) and commercial c-Co3O4(BET surface area, 15 m2/g; purchased from Merck) in the CO2methanation reaction under different reduction temperatures (273–673 K). The reduction temperature was adjusted to 573 K for both the catalysts to reach the optimal Co/cobalt oxide ratio and consequently the best catalytic performance. m-Co3O4is more active (CO2conversion 95%) and stable at higher temperatures compared to c-Co3O4(CO2conversion 63%) due to its morphology-induced ∼66 times higher surface basicity. DRIFTS results showed differences in the detected surface species: formate was observed on m-Co3O4and was proven to contribute to the total methane formation. It was revealed that in CO2methanation reaction, both bulk and surface properties such as morphology, cobalt oxidation states, acid–base properties, and presence of defect sites directly affect the catalytic performance and reaction mechanism. Furthermore, 1% 5 nm Pt nanoparticles were loaded onto the Co3O4s to check the competitiveness of the catalysts. This study evidences on a cheap noble-metal-free catalyst for CO2methanation consisting of m-Co3O4with competitive activity and ∼100% CH4selectivity.

Toxicity concerns related to Gd(III)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents prompted an intensive research toward their replacement by complexes of essential metal ions, like Mn(II). Here, we report a macrocyclic chelate, [Mn(PC2A-BP)], which possesses high thermodynamic stability (log KMnL= 14.86 and pMn=8.35) and kinetic inertness (t1/2pH=7.4= 286.2 h) as well as as remarkable relaxivity (r1p= 23.5 mM–1s–1, 0.49 T, 37 °C) in the presence of human serum albumin, allowing a significant MRI signal intensity increase in the vasculature even at low dose (25 μmol/kg) of the complex.

Smart/intelligent contrast agent candidates for MRI based on Mn(II) ion are rare, as it usually forms labile complexes with polyaminocarboxylate-type ligands. Here, we report the first example of a Mn(II) complex that can be activated by changing the pH of its local environment. The PC2A-EA ligand with an ethylamine pendant arm was found to form a thermodynamically stable (log KMnL= 19.01, pMn = 9.27) and kinetically inert complex with Mn(II) with respect to trans-chelation with a metal ion such as Cu(II). The [MnH(PCA2-EA)] complex displays a relatively slow water exchange rate ((4.0 ± 0.2) × 107s–1), but the pH-dependent coordination of the ethylamine moiety occurs in the pH range of 6–8 (log KMnLH= 6.88), enabling the complex to exhibit pH-sensitive relaxivity in the biologically relevant pH range.

Surface alloying is an important technique to change chemical properties. In this study, by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the atomic arrangements and energetics of an extensive set of Au–Rh structures in a confined (2 × 1) surface cell on a Rh(111) substrate are investigated. An ordered surface alloy layer composed of 50% Au and 50% Rh is identified as the energetically favored structure, which corresponds to a configuration proposed previously based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging [Óvári et al. PCCP2016, 18, 25230]. Comparing this surface alloy with another candidate structure in terms of Rh and Au adsorption characteristics, the bonding preference among Rh and Au species is recovered. DFT-based simulated STM images reveal bias-voltage-dependent contrast differences among selected corrugated surface layer structures at various Au coverages. Furthermore, several new experimental results obtained by STM and low energy ion scattering (LEIS) on the thermally induced formation of the ordered Au–Rh surface alloy are also presented in this work. Our calculation approach and results are expected to contribute to the understanding of the formation of metallic surface alloys of various chemical compositions.

Pt nanoparticles (4.8 nm) were anchored onto the surface of mesoporous nickel oxide (NiO) supports. Pt/NiO samples were compared with pristine NiO and Pt/SBA-15 silica catalysts in CO2hydrogenation to form carbon monoxide, methane, and ethane at 473–673 K. Pt/NiO (1%) samples were ∼20 times and ∼1.5 times more active at 493 K compared with Pt/SBA-15 and NiO catalysts, respectively. However, the Pt-free NiO support has an activity of 120% compared to that of Pt/NiO catalysts at 673 K. In the case of 1% Pt/SBA-15 catalyst, the selectivity toward methane was 13%, whereas it was 90 and 98% for NiO and 1% Pt/NiO at 673 K, respectively. Exploration of the results of the reactions was performed by near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. In the case of pure NiO, we found that the surface of the support was mainly covered by elemental Ni under reaction conditions, where the Ni/NiOxsystem is responsible for the high activity of the Pt-free catalyst. In the case of Pt/NiO, Pt improves the reduction of NiOxtoward metallic Ni. In the case of 1% Pt/NiO catalysts, the presence of limited amount of Pt resulted in an optimal quantity of the oxidized Pt fraction at 673 K, showing the presence of a Pt/PtOx/Ni/NiOxmixed phase where the different interfaces may be responsible for the high activity and selectivity toward methane. In the case of pure NiO under reaction conditions, small amounts of formaldehyde and hydrogen-perturbed CO [HnCO (n= 1, 2)] were detected. However, in the case of 1% Pt/NiO catalysts, besides the absence of formaldehyde, a significant amount of HnCO (n= 2–3) was present on the surface, responsible for the high activity and methane selectivity.

Thermo-catalytic bio-SNG (CH4) production is one of the useful tools for converting waste to gaseous fuels through CO2conversion. To abundant properly, however, efficient, robust and cost-effective catalysts would be required. Bimetallic systems based on transition metals seem to be promising candidates for this task. The CoCu bimetallic system with in-situ generated interfaces was synthesized and used as a catalyst for CO2methanation. The in-depth analysis of the structure-activity-selectivity relationships involving XRD, (NAP-)XPS, EXAFS and TEM-EDX revealed that the co-existence of Co0, CoO, and Cu0in the proper distribution on the surface can ensure the selective production of methane. To fine-tune the surface composition of the bimetallic systems, a systematic alteration of the Cu:Co ratio in the precursor spinel structures must be performed. Cu0.4Co2.6O4derivative, stabilizing subsurface Cu(I)–O specimen, showed the best performance with high activity (12,800 nmol g–1s–1) and a remarkable selectivity of 65–85% for methane in a wide temperature range (250–425 °C). In studying the mechanistic aspects of methanation, it has been shown that the hydrogenation of active carbon at the surface or below the surface is the key step for the production of methane. So far, this cobalt-catalyzed sub-step has been proposed in catalytic Fischer-Tropsch syntheses.

The use of rare nickel-poor and aluminum-rich layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as catalyst precursors in CO2hydrogenations has revealed the key importance of chemical quality of the interlayer anions for the achievable CO2conversion and CH4/CO selectivity. At atmospheric pressures between 300 and 700 °C, the obtained CH4and CO formation rates varied widely, reaching up to the remarkable 76.8 (LDH-NO3) and 47.7 μmol/gcats (LDH-NH2SO3), respectively, competing with Pt and Co containing catalysts. Depending on thermal stability of the interlayer anions, their partial or complete removal resulted in significant differences in LDH transformation and thus in reducibility of Ni(II) and specific surface area values of the resulting metal oxides. Moreover, clear correlation was found between the conversion, selectivity and the abundance, strength of base and acid sites presented in the calcined LDHs related to the nature of starting interlamellar anions. Incorporation of nitrate and perchlorate ions into the precursors helped the formation of weak basic sites, while sulphate and sulphamate ions resulted in a large number of strong acid and base sites. The high-resolution quasi in situX-ray photoelectron spectra revealed the effect of the anions on chemical composition of the forming catalytic interfaces. Meantime, the in situdiffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated multifarious CO2hydrogenation pathways viaformate (LDH-NO3, -Br, -I), carboxylate (LDH-Cl, -ClO4) intermediates and CO2dissociation (LDH-SO4, -NH2SO3).

Several explanations have been proposed for variation in geophysical properties and depths for the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) and mid-lithospheric discontinuities (MLD). Here, we investigate the proposal that the dehydration solidusof pargasitic amphibole-bearing upper mantle with very low bulk water (hundreds ppm) may be one of the main reasons for the observed geophysical anomalies. The dehydration solidusmay be associated with a very small degree of partial melting in the upper mantle at temperatures and pressures in excess of 1050 °C (for geochemically more depleted) or 1100 °C (for geochemically less depleted upper mantle) and from 1 to 3 GPa (~30 to 90 km) respectively. This small amount of partial melt may be responsible for changes in geophysical properties (e.g. lower seismic velocity, higher attenuation of seismic waves, higher electrical conductivity) in association with the LAB and MLD. This simple petrologic model is tested on the abundant geophysical data of the Carpathian–Pannonian region (CPR), central Europe. The high resolution heat flow data available in the CPR allows us to estimate the depths to intersection of area specific depth-temperature curves with the dehydration solidustemperatures (1050 and 1100 °C isotherms). There is relatively small mismatch (<5 km) between the position of these intersections and the geophysically determined LAB in the central area of the CPR. These observations lend support for the proposition that the dehydration solidusmay be largely responsible for depth variation of the LAB in young continental rift areas. Towards the margins of the CPR, however, where the heat flow is lower (≲70 mW/m2), the predictive capability of the dehydration solidusmodel deteriorates. This is because, for lower geothermal gradients, pargasitic amphibole breaks down at ~90 km (or ~3 GPa) before temperature exceeds the dehydration solidustemperatures. Consequently, at ~90 km depth we expect no changes in geophysical properties indicative of hydrous silicate melt, in areas where surface heat flow is lower (i.e. Precambrian cratonic shields, Phanerozoic continental lithospheres or, possibly older oceanic plates). Alternatively, in these areas, the intersection of the geotherm with pargasitic amphibole breakdown may cause small changes in properties which correlate with the MLD rather than the LAB, which is at deeper levels.

ABSTRACTTwo A/C incompatibility group (IncA/C family) plasmids from the 1960s have been sequenced and classified into the A/C2type 1 group. R16a and IP40a contain novel antibiotic resistance islands and a complete GIsul2 genomic island not previously found in the family. In the 173.1-kb R16a, the 29.9-kb antibiotic resistance island (ARI) is located in a unique backbone position not utilized by ARIs. ARIR16aconsists of Tn1, Tn6020, and Tn6333, harboring the resistance genes blaTEM-1Dand aphA1band a mermodule, respectively; a truncated Tn5393copy; and a gene cluster with unknown function. Plasmid IP40a is 170.4 kb in size and contains a 5.6-kb ARI inserted into the kfrAgene. ARIIP40acarrying blaTEM-1Dand aphA1bgenes is composed of Tn1with a Tn6023insertion. Additionally, IP40a harbors single IS2, IS186, and Tn1000insertions scattered in the backbone; an IS150copy in GIsul2; and a complete Tn6333carrying a mermodule at the position of ARIR16a. Loss of resistance markers in R16a, IP40a, and R55 was observed during stability tests. Every phenotypic change proved to be the result of recombination events involving mobile elements. Intramolecular transposition of IS copies that generated IP40a derivatives lacking large parts of the backbone could account for the formation of other family members, too. The MinION platform proved to be a valuable tool in bacterial genome sequencing since it generates long reads that span repetitive elements and facilitates full-length plasmid or chromosome assembly. Nanopore technology enables rapid characterization of large, low-copy-number plasmids and their rearrangement products.

The article analyzes the relation between baroque architectural painting and the painted or stuccoed decoration, with focus on Giovan Pietro Bellori who observed the dialog between paintings and architectural decoration in the Galeria Farnese, and the works of baroque painter Franz Josef Wiedon.

The results obtained in our research of mental distress indicators and results of conflict management strategies are consistent with the results of international studies. Students participating in the study (N=237) reached the highest average results in the field of personal growth, while we measured the lowest value in the fields of autonomy and the dominance of the enviroment. Among the mental distress indicators the students gave the highest scores for the stress. The frequency examination showed the results of the participants to fall to 40.9% of moderate-severe and severe extreme range. While among the genders, women indicate much higher stress levels. In addition, the students preferred the avoiding conflict management strategy in preference to the other four strategies. While we compared the students from the two countries we found a significant difference between the survey field of autonomy and purpose in life. We also found a notable difference among the mental distress indicators. While the students of the University of Debrecen were moderate, the students of the universities of Oradea fell in the “slight” area (in the range of stress). For the usage of conflict management strategies we found no significant differences between the two countries' students. The students from both countries preferred the avoiding strategy. This study similiar to many national and international studies indicates the high level of stress among the students. One of the most important task of a higher education institution should be the protection of the students’ mental health which would lead to an improvement on well-being and that would cause the lowering of the stress level.

The interaction of cobalt with an ultrathin CeO2(111) film on Cu(111) was studied by low energy ion scattering spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. At room temperature, Co grows three-dimensionally on the ceria film. For small Co coverages (0.2 ML), oxidation to Co2+occurs together with the formation of Ce3+in the ceria. At higher Co coverages (0.7 and 2 ML), an increasing fraction of Co remained metallic after deposition. Annealing to higher temperatures induced diffusion of Co2+ions into the ceria film, and for metallic Co, presumably agglomeration occurs. At T≥ 800 K, oxidation of significant amounts of Co0to Co2+is found, along with diffusion into the ceria film, and partly also in the copper crystal underneath. On a reduced CeOxsurface, the redox reaction between cobalt and cerium was hindered, which, in turn, slowed down cobalt migration into the ceria film.

Fibrous dysplasia is an isolated skeletal disorder caused by a somatic activating mutation of GNASgene with abnormal unmineralized matrix overproduction and extensive undifferentiated bone cell accumulation in the fibroosseous lesions. The aim of our investigation was to identify genes that are differently expressed in fibrous versus nonfibrous human bone and to describe the relationships between these genes using multivariate data analysis. Six bone tissue samples from female patients with fibrous dysplastia FD and seven bone tissue samples from women without FD nonFD were examined. The expression differences of selected 118 genes were analyzed by the TaqMan probebased quantitative realtime RTPCR system. The Mann–Whitney Utest indicated marked differences in the expression of 22 genes between FD and nonFD individuals. Nine genes were upregulated in FD women compared to nonFD ones and 18 genes showed a downregulated pattern. These altered genes code for minor collagen molecules, extracellular matrix digesting enzymes, transcription factors, adhesion molecules, growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, and lipid metabolismaffected substrates. Canonical variates analysis demonstrated that FD and nonFD bone tissues can be distinguished by the multiple expression profile analysis of numerous genes controlled via a Gprotein coupled pathway and BMP cascade as well as genes coding for extracellular matrix composing molecules. The remarkable changed gene expression profile observed in the fibrous dysplastic human bone tissue may provide further insight into the pathogenetic process of fibrous degeneration of bone. © 2010 WileyLiss, Inc.

Abstract: In our retrospective study the pathological and clinical factors, influencing the survival of 65 renal clear cell carcinoma patients operated for bone metastasis between 1990 and 2008 were examined. Based on Kaplan-Meier curves age, gender, clinical symptoms, pathological fracture, progression to the soft tissues, localization and size of the metastasis, whether the occurrence of multiplex metastases is multiorganic or only located to the skeletal system and the stage and grade of primary renal cancer did not influence the survival. The survival significantly improved if the bone metastases were solitary, low Fuhrman grade, late onset; and radical surgery was performed. Based on Cox regression analysis, survival after bone surgery was influenced by the multiplicity and grade of metastasis and by the radicality of the surgery, whereas survival after nephrectomy was significantly influenced by onset time and grade of metastasis. When the solitary metastasis was radically removed, 75.0% of the patients survived the first, and 35.5% the fifth postoperative year. If the metastasis was multiple or the surgery was not radical, no patient survived the fifth year. This is the first report on the prognostic significance of the Fuhrman grade of bone metastasis of renal cell cancer. While the Fuhrman grade of the primary tumour did not influence the survival, the lower grade of metastasis was associated with a significant longer survival. Therefore in cases of solitary, operable, late onset metastases with low Fuhrman grade radical removal is recommended, since this way in 35.5% of cases 5 year survival can be expected.

Revision arthroplasty for femoral stem breakage can be challenging. We report a new method for the removal of the distal stem segment performed in 6 cases between 2004 and 2008. After extracting the proximal part of the femoral component, the femoral canal was opened at the knee joint and a modified intramedullary nail was used to dislodge the distal stem under fluoroscopic control. In five cases the surgery was uneventful. In one case femoral perforation occurred due to the contour of the cement mantle at the tip of the stem. In the postoperative period all patients progessed well. Removal of a broken stem using our method has limited indications, and it is not recommended in septic cases or when the cement mantle at the tip of the stem has an oblique contour. It also requires opening of the knee joint, but the technique is simple, saves surgical time and in selected cases it does not weaken the femur.

Menopausal changes influence the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of bone tissue. Hormonal deficiency at the time of menopause results in marked increases in bone resorption and formation, leading to rapid bone loss. The aim of our investigation was to determine genes characterized by significantly changed mRNA expression rates in postmenopausal versus premenopausal nonosteoporotic bone tissue and to describe the interrelationships among these genes using multivariate data analysis.

Gold, rhodium, and their coadsorbed layers were prepared on a nearly stoichiometric titania surface by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and were characterized by low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). It was found that because of the strong tendency of Au segregation in the Au−Rh bimetallic system, Rh atoms that impinged onto Au clusters pregrown on TiO 2(110) became covered by gold atoms by place exchange or surface diffusion even at room temperature. The incorporation of rhodium led to a slight enlargement of gold clusters indicated by STM and to an increase in the number of Au atoms on the outermost layer of metal clusters evidenced by LEIS. At the same time, separate Rh clusters were also formed on the free oxide surface. The observed effect on the bimetallic nanoclusters is attributed to the different surface free energies of metals. For Au, this value is much smaller than for Rh, which provides a driving force for the bimetallic clusters to be covered by gold atoms. Annealing experiments revealed that monometallic Rh clusters are encapsulated at ∼750 K by the oxide. Encapsulation by titania is negligible up to 900 K for the bimetallic nanoparticles almost completely covered by Au.

Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using a short skin incision is a subject of much debate in the literature. The present study estimates the possible minimal length of the exposure in an unselected patient cohort and compares the lateral mini-incision technique and traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA). One hundred and two patients were divided into three groups according to the type of surgery and length of incision: mini-incision (less than 10 cm) was performed in 38 patients; midi-incision (10–14 cm) in 43; and standard-incision (longer than 14 cm) in 21 patients. No statistical difference was found with regard to intraoperative and total blood loss, the rate of complications, and postoperative recovery. Significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), shorter operative time, and higher number of hips with malpositioning of the acetabular cup were found in the mini-incision group. These patients, however, experienced less pain in the early postoperative period and were highly satisfied with the cosmetic results. The length of incision was shortened and optimized (less than 14 cm) in 82% of patients, and mini-incision was performed in 38 patients of this unselected cohort. Because of the understandable demand of the patients for less invasive intervention, the surgeon should use a smaller but not necessarily mini-incision with minimal soft tissue trauma that still allows him to perform the procedure well, without compromising the type of implants and the otherwise excellent long-term results. Randomized prospective studies are needed to explore the real value of the minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using a short skin incision is a subject of much debate in the literature. The present study estimates the possible minimal length of the exposure in an unselected patient cohort and compares the lateral mini-incision technique and traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA). One hundred and two patients were divided into three groups according to the type of surgery and length of incision: mini-incision (less than 10 cm) was performed in 38 patients; midi-incision (10–14 cm) in 43; and standard-incision (longer than 14 cm) in 21 patients. No statistical difference was found with regard to intraoperative and total blood loss, the rate of complications, and postoperative recovery. Significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), shorter operative time, and higher number of hips with malpositioning of the acetabular cup were found in the mini-incision group. These patients, however, experienced less pain in the early postoperative period and were highly satisfied with the cosmetic results. The length of incision was shortened and optimized (less than 14 cm) in 82% of patients, and mini-incision was performed in 38 patients of this unselected cohort. Because of the understandable demand of the patients for less invasive intervention, the surgeon should use a smaller but not necessarily mini-incision with minimal soft tissue trauma that still allows him to perform the procedure well, without compromising the type of implants and the otherwise excellent long-term results. Randomized prospective studies are needed to explore the real value of the minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.

Surface Neogene volcanics in Hungary are abundantly documented in the literature, but buried volcanic structures are little known. Early burial of the volcanic centers beneath latest Miocene to Pliocene sediments preserved much of their original relief, permitting their classification into genetic types. More than two-thirds of Hungary is covered by thick Neogene and Quaternary sediments, below which buried volcanic eruptive centers and the extent of their products may only be recognized by complex geologic-geophysical methods. Our study is based on the data of several thousand wells, more than 60,000 km of seismic sections, as well as airborne and surface geophysical (gravimetric, magnetic, electromagnetic, radiometric) data. Results of chemical, mineralogical studies and K/Ar dating of deep cores were also included. The data were evaluated in terms of the regional deep structure of the Carpathian-Balkan region, the Miocene evolution of which was determined by the position, movement and welding of individual microplates. Integration of all available data reveals that the Miocene volcanic centers are concentrated near microplate boundaries. In the volcanic centers the lavas and pyroclastic deposits far exceed 50 m in thickness. The data show that the buried volcanic rocks below the Transdanubian region (Little Hungarian Plain and Somogy-Baranya Hills), the Danube-Tisza Interfluve and the Great Hungarian Plain extend over a much larger area than do the outcropping volcanoes in Northern Hungary (from the Visegrád to the Tokaj Mts). In the southern part of Transdanubia (W. Hungary) a major calcalkaline, rhyolitic, ignimbritic event took place early, in Eggenburgian and Ottnangian (Early Miocene) times. The centers and tuff sheets of this volcanic event can be traced from the Mecsek Mts to the Salgótarján Basin, the southwestern Bükk Basin and the central part of the Great Hungarian Plain. This event was followed by andesitic volcanism. The rhyolite and dacite volcanic centers of Karpatian age are predominantly situated in Transdanubia, whereas the Badenian (Mid-Miocene) andesite and dacite series of large stratovolcanoes are buried below southern Transdanubia, the Danube-Tisza Interfluve and the Great Hungarian Plain. In Sarmatian and early Pannonian (Late Miocene) times, pyroclastic sheets several thousand meters thick and lava domes were formed; they are predominantly rhyolitic, subordinately andesitic and dacitic, and are situated in the eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain (Nyírség).  With the end of microplate motion, as the plate consolidated in the late Miocene, thick but areally restricted alkali-trachite (Little Hungarian Plain) and alkali-basalt lava domes and tuff craters formed in the Little Hungarian Plain, Transdanubia and the Danube-Tisza Interfluve.

Characterisation of alumina supported catalysts was performed by TEM and XPS spectroscopy during formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes from acetylene at 1000 K. TEM images showed that thick carbon fibres (outer diameter is around 20–40 nm) were generated on Fe/Al₂O₃ and Co/Al₂O₃ samples. The only sample producing carbon nanotubes with an average diameter of 8–12 nm was the bimetallic CoFe/Al₂O₃. XPS spectra revealed that Fe–Co alloy formed during the interaction of CoFe/Al₂O₃ and acetylene at 1000 K.

Our aim was to investigate the role of adrenoceptors in the modulation of in vivointerleukin-10 (IL-10) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. The effect of different adrenergic drugs on plasma concentration of IL-10 was measured by ELISA 90 min after LPS injection. Our results confirmed the involvement of β-adrenoceptors since the β-agonist isoproterenol significantly increased the IL-10 production in response to LPS stimulation, whereas the β-antagonists propranolol decreased it. In contrast, the β2-agonists UK-14304, clonidine and xylazine significantly decreased the IL-10 plasma level, whereas the α2-antagonists CH-38083, prazosine and WB-4101 increased it. Our results provide the first in vivoevidence that, in addition to β-adrenoceptors, α2-adrenoceptors play also a very important role in the regulation of IL-10 production under endotoxaemic conditions.

In the present study we report on the excision of IS30elements and IS30-derived composite transposons. Frequent loss of IS30was observed during dissolution of dimeric IS30structures, containing IR–IR junctions, leading to resealed donor molecules. In contrast, unambiguous transpositional excision resulting in resealed remainder products could not be identified in the case of a monomeric element. The bias in the excision of monomeric and dimeric IS30structures indicates a difference in the molecular mechanism of transposition of IS30monomers and dimers. Sequence data on the rarely detected plasmids missing full IS or Tn copies rather suggest that all products were derived from illegitimate recombination. The reaction occurred between short homologies and was independent of the transposase activity. Similar IS30excision events accompanied by multiple plasmid or genome rearrangements were detected in Pseudomonas putidaand Rhizobium meliloti,yielding stable replicons that retained the selective marker gene of the transposon. We provide evidence that both transposition and illegitimate recombination can contribute to the stabilization of replicons through the elimination of IS elements, which emphasizes the evolutionary significance of these events.

Investigation of Keggin ion salts prepared by partial hydrolysis of Al3+ and Fe3+ ions followed by addition of sodium sulfate solution to generate the sulfate salt of the Keggin ion was carried out. Characterization of the salts was performed by classical analytical methods and FTIR and XP spectroscopy. Incorporation of iron in the Keggin ion produced a new photoemission peak probably as a satellite in the Fe(2p) XP spectrum. The results suggest that a small portion of Al3+ is replaced by Fe3+ in an octahedral position.

The interaction of HNCO with Rh(111) has been studied with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. HNCO adsorbs dissociatively on Rh(111) at 150 K to yield adsorbed H and NCO species. On clean Rh(111) the NCO species was found to decompose readily to adsorbed CO and N on warming to room temperature. Preadsorbed oxygen atoms result in an increase in the relative amount of NCO, shifts the dominant vibrational band of NCO from 2160 to 2182 cm−1, and significantly stabilizes the NCO species on Rh(111). The possible relevance of the stabilization of NCO in the NO+CO reaction is discussed.

We constructed an in vivo system to detect transpositional rearrangements induced by the insertion sequence IS30. The transposase protein expressed from the transposase producer plasmids catalyzed rearrangements on different target sequences presented in trans. High yields, up to 83%, of transpositional frequencies were observed. The frequency of rearrangements correlated with the amount of transposase protein produced and the attractivity of the target sequences. Alteration in the frequency of transposition was observed in the recA−E. colistrains JM109 and TG2. Remarkable structural and functional analogy was found with site‐specific recombination systems.

Abstract: The association between of fibrous dysplasia and intramuscular myxomas is extremely rare. The authors summarize the characteristics of Mazabraud's syndrome, as well as its clinical course on the basis of 24 cases reported in the literature and 3 cases of their own. The syndrome is quite uniform, and mostly occurs in women. Usually the presentation of poliostotic fibrous dysplasia bilaterally in the lower limbs and pelvic bones is followed by the appearance of multifocal intramuscular myxomas in the adjacent muscles, mostly decades later. These hamartomas tend to recur locally or symmetrically in the ipsilateral muscle groups and may reach enormous size without treatment. Malignant transformation (osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma) on the basis of fibrous dysplasia in Mazabraud's syndrome has been reported in the literature. In our cases, however, in spite of the many recurrences, and the enormous size of the tumours, no malignant transformation was noted in either the fibrous dysplasias or the intramuscular myxomas during the long follow-up time (31 years for fibrous dysplasia and 16 years for myxomas). Early wide surgical excision and a carful long-term follow-up for the often very late recurrences of the myxomas is suggested in Mazabraud's syndrome.

An analysis of 29 patients who collectively required 33 reoperations for failed Heller's esophagocardiomyotomy performed during the period between 1972 and 1992 was conducted. In the majority of patients, the reoperation was necessitated because the original myotomy was not long or deep enough, or because of iatrogenic gastroesophageal reflux and its sequelae such as strictures. Identification of the exact cause of failure requires careful analysis of the patient's symptoms and of the findings of various diagnostic examinations. The treatment for inadequate myotomy generally involves performing a second myotomy, which is completed by adding a nonobstructive antireflux repair. It appears that abolition of the “sigmoid sac” is essential even when the esophagogastric junction has a sufficiently large diameter. A so-called esophagoplication was performed in 3 patients, and an interposition at the site of esophageal resection, using an isoperistaltic esophagojejunogastric loop of appropriate length, was performed in 14 patients. There were no deaths following reoperation. In fact, the results were excellent or good in 23 cases and fair in 3.

•Digital Variance Angiography (DVA) is a novel medical image processing method.•DVA provides better image quality than Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA).•The quality reserve of DVA allows the reduction of contrast agents in angiography.