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Objective: The activities and products of carbohydrate metabolism are involved in key processes of cancer. However, its relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Methods: The cancer genome atlas (TCGA)-HCC and ICGC-LIRI-JP datasets were acquired via public databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and control samples in the TCGA-HCC dataset were identified and overlapped with 355 carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (CRGs) to obtain differentially expressed CRGs (DE-CRGs). Then, univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses were applied to identify risk model genes, and HCC samples were divided into high/low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Next, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on the risk model genes. The sensitivity of the risk model to immunotherapy and chemotherapy was also explored. Results: A total of 8 risk model genes, namely, G6PD, PFKFB4, ACAT1, ALDH2, ACYP1, OGDHL, ACADS, and TKTL1, were identified. Moreover, the risk score, cancer status, age, and pathologic T stage were strongly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Both the stromal score and immune score had significant negative/positive correlations with the risk score, reflecting the important role of the risk model in immunotherapy sensitivity. Furthermore, the stromal and immune scores had significant negative/positive correlations with risk scores, reflecting the important role of the risk model in immunotherapy sensitivity. Eventually, we found that high-/low-risk patients were more sensitive to 102 drugs, suggesting that the risk model exhibited sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. The results of the experiments in HCC tissue samples validated the expression of the risk model genes. Conclusion: Through bioinformatic analysis, we constructed a carbohydrate metabolism-related risk model for HCC, contributing to the prognosis prediction and treatment of HCC patients.

Plumula Nelumbinis, the green embryo of a lotus seed, is widely consumed in China as a well-known food with medicinal effects. In this study, 14 alkaloids, including 4 new and 10 known alkaloids, were isolated from it, which were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, and were investigated for their antimelanogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. As a result, melanogenesis in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells was reduced significantly by a new compound 4and known compound 12at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, and the tyrosinase (TYR) activities were inhibited by 78.7 and 82.0% at 4 μg/mL, prior to α-arbutin (41.3%). Additionally, compounds 4and 12also exhibited superior antimelanogenic effects compared to α-arbutin on a zebrafish assay model at equivalent concentrations. Mechanistically, our preliminary findings suggested that compounds 4and 12exerted antimelanogenesis effect probably by inhibiting key proteins involved in melanin production such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2. The findings highlight the potential use of Plumula Nelumbinis containing compounds 4and 12as functional foods for treating hyperpigmentation.

Deep-sowing is an important method for avoiding drought stress in crop species, including maize. Identifying candidate genes is the groundwork for investigating the molecular mechanism underlying maize deep-sowing tolerance. This study evaluated four traits (mesocotyl length at 10 and 20 cm planting depths and seedling emergence rate on days 6 and 12) related to deep-sowing tolerance using a large maize population containing 386 inbred lines genotyped with 0.5 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The genome-wide association study detected that 273 SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the genetic basis of maize deep-sowing tolerance. The RNA-sequencing analysis identified 1 944 and 2 098 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in two comparisons, which shared 281 DEGs. By comparing the genomic locations of the 273 SNPs with those of the 281 DEGs, we identified seven candidate genes, of which GRMZM2G119769encoded a sucrose non-fermenting 1 kinase interactor-like protein. GRMZM2G119769was selected as the candidate gene because its homologs in other plants were related to organ length, auxin, or light response. Candidate gene association mapping revealed that natural variations in GRMZM2G119769were related to phenotypic variations in maize mesocotyl length. Gene expression of GRMZM2G119769was higher in deep-sowing tolerant inbred lines. These results suggest that GRMZM2G119769is the most likely candidate gene. This study provides information on the deep-sowing tolerance of maize germplasms and identifies candidate genes, which would be useful for further research on maize deep-sowing tolerance.

Partial hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could not only produce highly value-added chemicals but also reduce environmental pollution; however, the partial hydrogenation reaction has to be performed under extreme conditions in the presence of precious metal-based catalysts, because PAHs are a class of inactive reactants. We report herein a porous metal silicate (PMS) material, PMS-16, that consists of Co and Ni bimetal redox-active species and BIIILewis acid sites, demonstrating high catalytic activity (>99% conversion) and selectivity (>99%) for hydrogenation of a series of PAHs under mild conditions, which is much superior to noble metal-based catalysts in the literature. The unique catalytic properties of PMS-16 are derived from the synergistic work between Ni and Co metal species by separately activating different reactant molecules and generating local redox potential to prompt electron and charge transfer. The catalyst is simply produced and very stable for industrial applications.

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Background: Inflammatory pain is the most common type of pain encountered clinically. The analgesic effect of acupuncture has been well-documented.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of chemokine CXCL1 in the serum on manual acupuncture (MA)-induced antinociception.Methods: Rats with inflammatory pain of the right hind paw were induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). After wards, the CFA-injected rats were treated daily with MA at ST36 from Day 1 to Day 7, and thermal nociceptive thresholds (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) were analyzed. The concentration of CXCL1 in the serum of the rats was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after the first and the last MA treatment. Subsequently, the rats were injected with two doses (5 or 10 μg) of recombinant CXCL1 through the tail vein daily from Day 1 to Day 7 or injected with two doses (6.4 or 16 μg) of anti-CXCL1 antibody using the same methods and course at 30 min before MA, and the PWLs were measured again. Finally, naloxone (500 μg, 0.1 mL) was administered by i.pl. injection into the inflamed paw 5 min before the last MA treatment or last injection of recombinant CXCL1.Results: MA significantly increased the PWLs and upregulated the expression of serum CXCL1 in the CFA-injected rats. Without acupuncture, repeated tail vein injection of recombinant CXCL1 showed an analgesic effect on CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Conversely, the neutralization of serum CXCL1 by anti-CXCL1 antibody decreased MA-induced antinociception in a time-dependent manner. Anti-CXCL1 antibody injected just once before the first MA did not affect MA-induced antinociception. The analgesic effects of MA and recombinant CXCL1 were reversed by an i.pl. injection of naloxone.Conclusion: This study indicates MA at ST36 had an analgesic effect on inflammatory pain and found a novel function of CXCL1. Increased serum CXCL1 had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain induced by CFA. CXCL1 in serum appeared to be a key molecule involved in the peripheral mechanism of MA-induced antinociception. The analgesic effect of MA or recombinant CXCL1 on inflammatory pain might be mediated through a peripheral opioid pathway, which needs further investigation.

Generation of high-flux vortex $ \gamma $γ-ray pulses is investigated in the interaction of ultraintense Bessel–Bessel laser bullets colliding head-on with ultrarelativistic electron bunches in the quantum radiation-dominated regime. In the simulations, a semiclassical Monte–Carlo method is used, based on the radiation probabilities in the local constant field approximation, to describe the electron motion and emission of radiation. Characteristics of the driving laser pulse (orbital angular momentum and nondiffracting spatial and temporal structures) are transferred to the emitted $ \gamma $γ rays by nonlinear Compton scattering.

Graphical Abstract:

A “smart” molecular imprinted photonic crystal (MIPC) sensor has been developed based on the combination of photonic crystal (PC) and molecular imprinting technique (MIT). It can give rise to readable optical signals and color changes upon sensing benzocaine with detection limit of 16.5 μg/ml. In fish sample detection, the developed MIPC sensor shows satisfied result accuracy with HPLC. With the advantage of satisfactory specificity, rapid responsiveness and excellent recoverability, this MIPC material shows great potential towards on-site screening and visual detection of trace benzocaine in real sample.

Hypatulone A (1), an acylphloroglucinol possessing an unprecedented homoadamantane architecture based on a tricyclo-[4.3.1.13,8]-undecane core and a unique 5/5/7/6/6 pentacyclic ring system, together with its biogenetic precursor hyperbeanol B (2), was isolated from Hypericum patulum. The structure of 1was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculation. Its plausible biosynthetic pathway via Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement was proposed. 1exhibited nitric oxide inhibitory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line (IC5018.8 ± 1.75 μM).

The population dynamics of the blister beetle, Epicauta impressicornis (Pic) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) had been investigated from 2014 to 2016 in field. The results showed that E. impressicornisis univoltine and overwintered in the fifth instar in the Luodian area of Guizhou, China. The biological and ecological characteristic of the beetle were analyzed at six temperatures (i.e., 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36°C) in the laboratory using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The developmental duration, longevity, and total preoviposition period were significantly shortened with increases in temperatures. The adult preoviposition periods at 24, 27, and 30°C were significantly longer than at other temperatures, while the fecundities at 27 and 30°C were significantly higher than at other temperatures. Life expectancy (exj) decreased with age and the reproductive value (vxj) increased with age. The intrinsic rate of increase (r= 0.0921 d−1) and finite rate (λ = 1.0965 d−1) were the highest at 33°C, followed by 30°C (r= 0.0758 d−1, λ = 1.0788 d−1). Although the net reproductive rate (R0= 17.63 offspring) was the lowest at 36°C, the values of r(0.0724 d−1) and λ (1.0751 d−1) were higher at 36°C than those at 21, 24, and 27°C. Our analysis for a mass-rearing system showed the most efficient and economical strategy would be to rear E. impressicornisat 30–33°C.

To investigate the mechanism of GanZhiRong granule(GZR)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

We demonstrate a method to simultaneously suppress the linewidths and stabilize the long-term frequency drifts of both 780-nm and 960-nm lasers to the 10-kHz level. We first use an iodine frequency stabilization laser as a frequency reference to stabilize the length of a tunable high-finesse transfer cavity (THFTC). Then two slave lasers of 780 nm and 960 nm are locked to this THFTC. In this way, the linewidths of slave lasers are suppressed to the order of 10 kHz, which are measured by delayed self-heterodyne measurements. Meanwhile, the long-term frequency drifts are stabilized to be less than 22 kHz for 10 h. With the locked lasers, we realize the coherent Rydberg excitation of a single Rb87 atom and keep the exciting stable and repeatable for 10 h, which is essential for Rydberg-mediated single-atom quantum information processing. This dual-laser frequency stabilization and transfer method can also be used in other high-resolution experiments in atomic physics, precision metrology, and molecular spectroscopy.

Agarwood is an important non-timber forest product widely used in religious and cultural activities as perfume and fragrance and as traditional medicine in Asia. The high value of agarwood and the inflated consuming market have led to constant rising of the prices. In general, the price of the agarwood is determined according to its quality, which can be divided into different grades. But up to now, there is not any standard quality grading system which could be used overwhelmingly throughout the agarwood producing, commerce and consumption. Therefore, we reviewed agarwood in diversified grading indexes, systems and methods.

Reductive ring-opening of epoxides is a green pathway for synthesizing highly value-added alcohols. In this study, we present a practically applicable approach for the synthesis of anti-Markovnikov-type alcohols with high yields from aliphatic and aromatic epoxides under mild conditions by developing porous metal silicate (PMS) catalysts. A PMS material PMS-20 consists of cobalt and nickel bimetal redox-active sites, exhibiting exceptional catalytic activity and selectivity in the reductive ring-opening of terminal epoxides with >99% yield of primary alcohols. Comparing with the existing methods using noble metals, PMS-20 exhibits broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance by synergistic work between cobalt and nickel species, which is clarified by dual chamber cell system characterization and theoretical calculation results.

It was found based on the history of acupuncture and records in ancient medicine writings that acupuncture manipulation originated from ancient times, formed in Pre-Qinand HanDynasties (from the 21 century BC to 220 AD), slowly developed in Jin, Suiand TangDynasties (256 AD to 907 AD), and gradually flourished in Song, Jin,and YuanDynasties (906 AD to 1368 AD). It experienced prosperity and decline in the Mingand QingDynasties (1368 AD to 1912 AD), tortuously developed in modern times, and is widely studied in nowadays.

Objective The ‘intensity-response’ relationship between acupuncture stimulation and therapeutic effect is currently the focus of much research interest. The same needling manipulation with different frequencies can generate differential levels of stimulus. This study aimed to examine the effects on gastric motility induced by four twirling frequencies based on relatively standardised manual acupuncture (MA) manipulations.Methods Twirling manipulations at 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz were practised before the experiments by a single operator using an MA parameter measurement device and stability was evaluated through time-frequency analysis. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 each): Control, Model, Model+MA (1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz). Rats in the five Model groups received injections of atropine into the tail vein to inhibit gastric motility, which was continuously recorded by a balloon in the gastric antrum. Rats in the four Model+MA groups received MA at 1, 2, 3 and 4 Hz, respectively, for 70 s and needles were retained for a further 5 min.Results The amplitude of waveforms produced by the four twirling frequencies was relatively consistent and reproducible. The gastric motility amplitude in all groups decreased after modelling (injections of atropine) (p<0.01). Twirling manipulation at 1, 2, and 3 Hz (but not 4 Hz) increased gastric motility amplitude (p<0.05). The increase in gastric motility amplitude induced by MA at 2 Hz was greater than for all other frequencies (p<0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture at ST36 helped recover gastric motility amplitude in rats with atropine-induced gastric inhibition and the effects induced by 1–3 Hz frequency were greater than those induced by 4 Hz.

In this study, the Al-Li alloy plates were friction stir welded (FSW) at different welding parameters, and the effect of welding parameters on the hardness, tensile and fatigue properties of the butted and lapped FSWed joints were investigated. The experimental results showed that the ultimate strength and elongation of butted joints decreased as the heat input increasing, and the maximum ultimate strength of the joints was equivalent to 83% that of the base material. By comparison of the heat inputs during welding process at different parameter combinations, the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical property of FSWed joints was established. For the overlapped welds made in 2mm thick plates of Al-Li-S4 and 2099 alloys, the hooking defect was a typical and inevitable defect appearing on the TMAZ of both advancing and retreating sides, which would adversely damage the mechanical properties of overlapped joints. Furthermore, the length of pin significantly affected the tensile property of overlapped joints, when the length of pin varies from 2.8mm to 2.5mm, the ultimate strength increased 14% to 20%. In addition, the fatigue lifetime of overlapped joints was lower than that of butted joints and base metal.

Hydrologic responses to climate change have become a great challenge and attracted widespread attention of the researchers. The mountainous Qingyi River watershed in the southwest, China, had experienced significant climate change in the past three decades. It is necessary to investigate the hydrologic responses to these changes. Therefore, the effect of climate change on evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff, baseflow and streamflow were assessed using Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model. The Mann–Kendall test analysis was first used to identify the long-term change in precipitation and temperature over the period of 1980–2010. It revealed that there is a significant change in annual temperature particularly in February, March, July and September, whereas an insignificant change in annual precipitation was founded. Hydrologic simulations show that hydrologic responses to climate change were varied from region to region. Surface runoff was more sensitive than ET and baseflow. Monthly variation of the hydrologic processes, especially the change in surface runoff, was mainly attributed to seasonal variation in precipitation. The results of this research can be a useful source of information for the decision making in water resources management and protection.

The measure of similarity is an essential basic work in the field of pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining, etc. The shape similarity distance (SSD) which considering vector difference factors in the calculation of similarity, is an amendment of the classical distance. Based on the classical Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance and the SSD, this paper completed the clustering on the multiple datasets that contained shape features data of objects. The experimental results indicated that compared with the classical distances, the SSD can consider the characteristics of shape of theses objects to estimate their similarity.

A simple and sensitive ultra-performance convergence chromatography system coupled with a diode array detector for analysis of paclitaxel, 10-deacetyl-7-epipaclitaxel and cephalomannine in paclitaxel injection was developed. The analyses were carried out on a Waters Acquity UPC2 BEH 2-EP using the mobile phase of mixture of supercritical CO2 and methanol with a linear gradient elution from 92:8 to 82:18 at 50 °C. The method offers good linearity, higher resolution, and good repeatability. LOD and LOQ were 0.45 and 1.32 ng, respectively.

Segregation analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygene was used to identify the major genes for cotton yield-related traits using six generations P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2generated from the cross of Baimian 1 × TM-1. In addition to boll size and seed index, the major genes for the other five traits were detected: one each for seed yield, lint percentage, boll number, lint index; and two for lint yield. Quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) mapping was performed in the F2and F2:3populations of above cross through molecular marker technology, and a total of 50 QTL (26 suggestive and 24 significant) for yield-related traits were detected. Four common QTL were discovered: qLP-3b(F2)/qLP-3(F2:3) and qLP-19b (F2)/qLP-19(F2:3) for lint percentage, qBN-17(F2)/qBN-17(F2:3) for boll number, and qBS-26b(F2)/qBS-26(F2:3) for boll size. Especially, qLP-3b(F2)/qLP-3(F2:3), not only had LOD scores <3 but also exceeded the permutation threshold (5.13 and 5.29, respectively), correspondingly explaining 23.47 and 29.55% of phenotypic variation. This QTL should be considered preferentially in marker assisted selection (MAS). Segregation analysis and QTL mapping could mutually complement and verify, which provides a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of cotton yield-related traits by using major genes (QTL).

In general, reinforced concrete frames have excellent fire resistance properties, but more and more concrete buildings collapsed in fires. The majority of past research work on the response of concrete building to fire has looked at the effects of fire upon individual structural members, and most commonly when subjected to heating from standard fire tests. At present, the fire behaviors of whole reinforced concrete frame are not adequately understood. There is a great need for development of models which consider the effects of fire on the whole structure under more realistic heating regimes. There is also a fundamental requirement for further large-scale testing of concrete structures, to observe the behavior of whole concrete structures in real fires and also for validation of advanced computer analysis tools. Accuracy and efficiency are two major concerns in finite element analysis of structural response of concrete frames in fires. In this paper, a multi-type finite elements hybrid model for simulating structural behavior of whole reinforced concrete frames in real fire is suggested.

By adopting coating damage simulation research method with open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the influence of different damage levels of green organic composite coating to its protective performance has been studied. The research found that the variation of open circuit potential partly reflected the damage level of the coating. When K is less than or equal to 0.04, the coating still has favorable protective performance, while K is higher than 16, the protective performance of the coating is basically unavailable, but when K falls in between, the protective performance of the coating is fair good.

Objective: Making a glucose sensor to detect the glucose which is extracted from the tissue fluid on reverse iontophoresis. Method: In the role of the catalysis of glucose oxidase which was fixed in polyethylene oxide gel, the glucose and potassium ferricyanide were change into gluconic acid and potassium ferrocyanide. Then we could get the concentration of glucose by detecting the current which was created by the redox reaction. Results: The glucose sensors could detect the concentration of glucose in the range of 2.2~22mmol/l and have a good linear too. The conformance test results show that the deviation of multiple measurements of the same sensor is less than 2% and the reaction time is less than 1s. Conclusion: The sensors could detect the blood glucose.

Researches about correlation between acupoints and calcium in recent more than 30 years in CNKI were retrieved, and correlative connection of acupoints with calcium were analyzed from different levels, such as acupoint part, peripheral pathway, target organs, central system, etc. It was turned out that there was a calcium ion enrichment phenomenon in acupoint part; there was possibly a certain connection between acupoint part and protein-bound Ca2+-ATPase; complex calcium ion in acupoint part influenced the effect of acupuncture; different methods of stimulating acupoint could significantly increase blood calcium content, decrease Ca/Cr ratio in urine; stimulation of acupoint could influence many target organs, improve their functions; stimulation of acupoints could influence distribution of calcium in the central nerve system. It is indicated that there is close relationship between the acupoint and calcium.

For the purpose of recycling of cotton waste cuttings and exploring the prospect of preparation for super absorbent polymer (SAP), the high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was made from cotton waste first and then the SAP was synthesized by grafting acrylic acid (AA) onto the CMC with the potassium persulfate being as initiator, N, N'-methylene bis acrylamide as crosslinker. The impact of polymerization temperature, time, initiator dosage, AA concentration, crosslinker dosage, and neutralization degree on water absorbency of SAP was studied. The optimum conditions are mass ratio of AA and CMC 7.11 g/g, initiator dosage 0.03 g/g CMC, crosslinker dosage 0.2 g/100g AA, neutralization degree 80% and polymerization time 1.5 h at 70℃ of the polymerization temperature. The water retention of the polymer is good and the water absorbency reaches up to 702.5 g/g.

Under the background of a larger marketing system in the State Grid Corporation of China, it is very important to change the system of electric bills collection and erect more convenient means for the users to pay the electric bills. This paper researches the way to pay the electric bills from the users’ side and establishes the evaluation model by the analytic network process (ANP). Finally, the best ways to pay electric bill can be sorted out. The 7 ways of electric bills payment in a city of China is used as a case to demonstrate the applicable of the model. Consequently the way of electric bills automatically deducted by banks is welcomed.

In a sample of 916 Chinese high school students, the relations among the students' perceptions of school climate and their trait test anxiety were examined. The results indicated that students' perceptions of teacher-student relationships and student-student relationships negatively predicted their trait test anxiety. Furthermore, girls had higher scores on trait test anxiety than boys.

Exploitation and utilization of new energy and a road of green development have become the only way for the development of China’s electric power industry. Firstly, environmental effects of the trough solar thermal power generation are analyzed. Then, the investing and operating economy of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) are studied. It concludes that CSP does well in the energy saving and emission reduction, and the unit price per kilowatt and discount rate have direct impacts on the investment cost of CSP. Finally, incentives for the development of CSP are put forward.

To research the glucose levels with diabetes to reduce complications, a method which is about the noninvasive glucose monitoring based on the reverse iontophoresis has been introduced. This paper summarizes the theory of reverse iontophoresis as well as the method of tissue fluid’s extraction, and reviewed the research progress on non-invasive glucose monitoring based on the principle of the reverse iontophoresis,and investigated glucose sensors for low level glucose monitoring, pointed out the other elements detection based on the iontophoresis method in tissue fluid. The technology based on reverse iontophoresis could be the most possible method to detect glucose noninvasively, moreover the precision and accuracy of the GlucoWatch could be improved in the future.

Sialon powder was synthesized using low grade bauxite as raw materials by carbothermal reduction-nitridation reaction. The influence of synthesizing temperatures (1300℃, 1350℃, 1400℃, 1450℃, 1500℃ and 1550℃) on the phases of the final products was studied by XRD technique. β-Sialon (Z=3) formed at 1350℃ and decreased when the temperature was higher than 1450℃. The optimizing reaction temperature for preparing Sialon was 1450℃. The Al2O3-SiC/Sialon composite refractories were prepared at 200℃, 400℃ and 600℃ for 24h with white corundum, brown corundum, SiC, Sialon powders prepared at 1450℃ and calcium aluminate cement. The bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption and bending strength of the Al2O3-SiC/Sialon composite refractories at room temperature were studied. The results show that the bulk density decreased and then increased with the enhancing of the temperature and reached the highest value of 2.43g/cm3 at 200℃. The apparent porosity and water absorption reached the lowest values of 26.68% and 10.99% at 200℃ respectively. The bending strength decreased as the temperature increased, reached the highest value of 0.73MPa at 200℃.

We used whole-tree agarwood-induction technology to produce agarwood from Aquilaria sinensistrees within 20 months, and evaluated the quality of this agarwood. The results showed its characteristics were similar to those of high-grade wild agarwood in terms of texture, chemical constituents, essential oil content, and ethanol-soluble extract content, with the lattermost quality far surpassing the requirement of traditional Chinese medicine agarwood, as indicated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study to show that high-quality agarwood can be produced in whole A. sinensistrees viaa chemically induced technology.

In the power electronic circuits, AC chopping control voltage regulation circuit through change the chopped device conduction time, it can easily change output voltage size. Load currents do not include low-order harmonic, they contain only higher harmonic which are relevant to the switch period , they are easy to filter out. So the power efficiency is high and it is characterized of high performance. This paper introduces a kind of widely used AC chopping control voltage regulation circuit and we simulate it by simulink. The result fully embodies the superiority of this kind of circuit.