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With the advancement of modern science and technology, large scientific facilities are increasingly oriented toward demand and application, and can be used for basic research as well as serving multiple disciplines. Developing large scientific facilities and related analytical technologies enhances understanding of large scientific facilities and popularizes their application in research across multiple disciplines. The combination of light or neutron sources from large scientific facilities and advanced analytical technologies can be achieved for materials structure information, dynamics study of chemical reactions, high dissociation of biomolecules, 3D visualization of energy materials or biological samples, etc. We first introduce the progress of domestic large scientific facilities of synchrotron radiation (SR) and free electron lasers (FELs) with different wavelengths and neutron sources. We further discuss the comparison between Chinese and typical foreign facilities in X-ray radiation from X-ray tubes, synchrotrons, X-ray FELs, and neutron sources based on physical parameters of light and neutron sources. In addition, we focus on the technological progress and perspectives combined with advanced X-ray radiation and neutron sources of large scientific facilities in China, especially in the nanoscience fields of energy catalysis and biological science. We hope that this roadmap will provide references on technology and methods to experimental users, as well as prospects for future development of technologies based on large research infrastructure facilities. Comprehensive studies and guidelines for basic research to practical application in various disciplines can be made with the assistance of large scientific facilities.

Based on the experimental verification of our previous work, this article proposes to use a linear-motor type flux pump with a through-wall excitation structure in the 16.9 kW high temperature superconducting (HTS) synchronous motor. At a working temperature of around 30 K, the HTS flux pump serves as a DC power source to provide contactless current injection to the four non-insulated racetrack coils soldered in series in the superconducting motor. The use of this structure mainly solves the problem of severe heating of the flux pump in the low-temperature vacuum environment of superconducting motors. This article mainly introduces the design and installation of excitation and cooling structures for superconducting motor, and develops a real-time data acquisition system for superconducting motor using Python and QT design interface software. It has functions such as data display, real-time curve drawing, and data storage. Finally, according to the design, the flux pump of through-wall excited superconducting motor is made and the single superconducting tape pumping current reaches 162 A at 77 K. The next step is to carry out the pumping current experiment on the superconducting motor of through-wall excited flux pump.

As a travelling-wave flux pump, the HTS dynamo generates a DC-biased AC travelling wave on the HTS stator tape placed in air-gap, which can output large DC current into an HTS coil without the need for current leads, thus effectively reducing heat leakage and operational cost comparing with conventional contact power supplies. In this paper, we introduce a method to enable symmetric bipolar output of the HTS dynamo, based on the “four-quadrant” control originates from the theory of macroscopic magnetic coupling. This method uses N-S arrangement of permanent magnets embedded on the magnetic disk and in addition to a DC bias coil. In this work, we demonstrate the use of the DC bias coil to freely adjust the DC output current of the HTS dynamo from −40.3 A to +40.5 A, without disturbing its rotating state. We also demonstrated that the DC output current can be symmetrically reversed by reversing the direction of the DC bias field, thus enabling the HTS dynamo with bipolar output. In addition, we developed a feedback control algorithm to control the output current with an accuracy of 0.15 A, by controlling the on and off states of the DC coil. This work enables the HTS dynamo as an accurate bipolar wireless power supply, which opens its routes for various applications of HTS magnets that require accurate current control, especially for high-demanding areas such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Lacquer is the main raw material of lacquerware, while UV-irradiation is an important factor leading to its aging. In order to investigate the aging behavior of urushi lacquer film under UV-irradiation, and to propose parameters that can be used to evaluate its aging degree, the micro-UV/Py-GC/MS system has been applied in the present work to enrich and identify volatile products released by urushi film during aging on the one hand, and to investigate micro-amount and conventional urushi films with different aging degrees on the other hand, in addition, representative historical samples have also been investigated. Volatile products released by urushi film demonstrate that during UV-irradiation, polysaccharides wrapping urushiol polymer would be first degraded to generate furans and alcohols, and then urushiol polymer would undergo photo-oxidation and break of molecular chain, mainly generating oxidation products including aldehydes, organic acids, and ketones, as well as a small number of alkyl benzenes and hydrocarbons. Py-GC/MS analysis of micro-amount urushi films with different aging degrees indicates that UV-irradiation is more destructive to aliphatic chains in urushiol polymer, but it also can accelerate the polymerization of micro-amount urushi film. Py-GC/MS analysis of conventional urushi films indicates that with the increase of aging degree, the total chromatographic peak area ratio of hydrocarbons to benzene derivatives gradually increases, the peak area ratio of 3-pentadecenyl-catechol to 3-pentadecyl-catechol gradually decreases, and the peak area ratio of aging products of urushiol to 3-pentadecyl-catechol gradually increases. The above parameters were further used to evaluate the aging degree of two urushi-contained samples separately collected from the surface and interior of a carved lacquer panel in the Forbidden City, and evaluation results are in accord with the natural aging law and further verify the reliability of the proposed parameters. Research results of the present work can lay a foundation for the in-depth study of the UV-irradiation aging mechanism of urushi.

High temperature superconductivity (HTS) flux pump can be used as the exciter to inject direct current into the superconducting excitation coil of a synchronous motor, without current lead and with low thermal efficiency, which will reduce the cryogenic volume and improve the efficiency of HTS synchronous motor. However, the flux pump has non-negligible thermal impact when it is running continuously for a long time within the cryogenic Dewar, which will cause a heavy heat burden to the cryogenic system. Therefore, based on the linear-motor type flux pump previously invented in our laboratory, this paper improved its magnetic circuit, so that it can introduce the travelling magnetic wave into the Dewar from outside. Firstly, we have used COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate and optimize the waveform of this flux pump. Secondly, we have manufactured the flux pump and magnetic conduction structure, and have tested its performance in liquid nitrogen at 77 K, a pumped DC current of 216 A was measured with a single 12 mm wide YBCO stator. These work have further optimized the linear-motor type flux pump, which provide a contactless static excitation device (CSED) for the 16.9 kW HTS synchronous motor built in our laboratory.

The flux pumps can realize non-contact excitation of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet and eliminate heat leakage caused by current leads. However, earlier proposed flux pump needs to be installed inside the cryostat, which leads to additional heat load to the cryogenic system. Here, we report the successful demonstration of a through-wall linear-motor type flux pump, with its heating parts such as the copper windings completely outside the cryostat, while its generated heat is dissipated in the air and insulated from the cryostat. With an insulation HTS double pancake coil installed in the cryostat and cooled by a G-M cryogenic cooler at 32.6 K, we have demonstrated the injection of direct currents of 42 A into the closed-loop, without the current leads. Thus, the feasibility and reliability of using the linear-motor type flux pump as the power source to excite the HTS magnet through the cryostat is verified, making it possible for future applications such as in MRI and superconducting motors, etc.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is a thermophilic crop, and low temperature leads to a significant reduction in annual yields. Despite a few cold tolerant germplasms or cultivars have been discovered and developed, molecular mechanisms governing peanut cold tolerance is poorly understood. Identification of keys genes involved in cold tolerance is the first step to address the underlying mechanism. In this study, we isolated and characterized 157 genes with potentials to confer cold tolerance in peanut by using a yeast functional screening system. GO (Gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that ribosome and photosynthesis proteins might play essential roles in peanut cold response. Transcriptome results indicated that 60 cold tolerance candidate genes were significantly induced or depressed by low temperature. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that several candidate genes could be also regulated by salt or drought stress. Individual overexpression of two UDP-glycosyltransferases (AhUGT2 and AhUGT268) in transgenic yeast cells could enhance their tolerance to multiple abiotic stress. In conclusion, this study advances our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the cold stress responses in peanut, and offers valuable gene resources for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crops.

Carbon materials have been the most common anodes for sodium-ion storage. However, it is well-known that most carbon materials cannot obtain a satisfactory rate performance because of the sluggish kinetics of large-sized sodium-ion intercalation in ordered carbon layers. Here, we propose an integration of co-intercalation and adsorption instead of conventional simplex-intercalation and adsorption to promote the rate capability of sodium-ion storage in carbon materials. The experiment was demonstrated by using a typical carbon material, reduced graphite oxide (RGO400) in an ether-solvent electrolyte. The ordered and disordered carbon layers efficiently store solvated sodium ions and simplex sodium ions, which endows RGO400 with enhanced reversible capacity (403 mA h g–1at 50 mA g–1after 100 cycles) and superior rate performance (166 mA h g–1at 20 A g–1). Furthermore, a symmetric sodium-ion capacitor was demonstrated by employing RGO400 as both the anode and cathode. It exhibits a high energy density of 48 W h g–1at a very high power density of 10,896 W kg–1. This work updates the sodium-ion storage mechanism and provides a rational strategy to realize high rate capability for carbon electrode materials.

This study aims to identify the difference in the mobilisation degree of RAP asphalt binder under three mixing techniques and its influences on the performance of recycled hot-mix asphalt mixture (HMA). Glass beads were selected to replace parts of fresh coarse aggregates, and to analyze the transfer of RAP binder using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscope analysis. Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) and Hamburg Wheel-Track Device (HWTD) were used to evaluate the compaction property and the high-temperature performance of recycled HMA. Results showed that the relative percentage of reclaimed asphalt recovered (Rp) varied with the mixing techniques. The workability of recycled HMA is related to the mixing technique. The softer fresh asphalt binder is more capable of facilitating the mineral aggregates to form a stable skeleton structure. In addition, the transfer of RAP binder in recycled HMA may be an important factor influencing the skeleton structure.

In order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Sclerotium rolfsiion peanut and to analyze the variation of virulence in S. rolfsiistrains, the highly virulent strain (ZY2) and weakly virulent strain (GP3-1) were investigated under both in vivoand in vitroconditions. The results indicated that S. rolfsiidirectly infected peanut by producing infection cushions. ZY2 formed infection cushions earlier than GP3-1, and ZY2 produced a greater number of infection cushions compare to GP3-1. Both strains could utilize cellulose, xylose, or polygalacturonic acid in the Czapek medium. The activities of cellulase (CL) and polygalacturonase (PG) in the inoculated peanut stems increased significantly at 9 ​h after inoculation. The activities of CL and PG produced by ZY2 in the inoculated stems were significantly higher than that produced by GP3-1. Both strains could produce oxalic acid (OA), and the content of OA produced by ZY2 in the inoculated stems was higher than that produced by GP3-1. In summary, it suggested that S. rolfsiidestroyed peanut cells through physical and biochemical factors by secreting a large amount of OA, CL and PG during the formation of infection cushions. The difference in OA content, activity of CL and PG produced by highly and weakly virulent strains played important roles in variation of virulence.

ABSTRACTIvory handicraft developed in China 7000 years ago and reached its peak during the Qing dynasty. Among the numerous court collections of ivory handicrafts, a hanging polychrome panel describing a scene of prosperous business at the harbor near Guangzhou with an exquisite embedded ivory carving was analyzed comprehensively for pigments and dyes. A process for painting on ivory was revealed with the help of scientific analysis. In this artifact, the palette included reds made of hematite, cinnabar, and cochineal, blues based on azurite and Prussian blue, and greens made with mixtures of gamboge and Prussian blue. For the first time, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used for analyzing the dyes used on ivory. Besides analyzing the pigments and dyes in painted ivory technology, the dating of the painted artifact was estimated on the basis of pigment manufacturing and trading history. It was concluded that the artifact belonged to the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty.

As the quantity of waste tires increases, more pyrolysis carbon black (CBp), a type of low value-added carbon black, is being produced. However, the application of CBp has been limited. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and expand applications of CBp. This work focuses on the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from CBp using the physicochemical activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Thereafter, AC is applied to the electrode of the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The AC prepared by CO2/KOH activation exhibited a hierarchical pore structure. The specific surface area increased from 415 to 733 m2g−1, and in combination with low ash content of 1.51%, ensured abundant ion diffusion channels and active sites to store charge. The EDLC comprising the AC (AC-2) electrode prepared by excitation of CO2(300 sccm) and KOH had a reasonable gravimetric specific capacitance of 192 F g−1at 0.5 A g−1, and exhibited a good rate capability of 73% at 50 A g−1in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the EDLC device comprising the AC-2 electrode delivered excellent cycling stability (capacitance retention of 106% after 10000 cycles at 2 A g−1in a two-electrode system). Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor based on an AC electrode that exhibits a supreme energy density of 4.7 Wh kg−1and a maximum power density of 6362.6 W kg−1is demonstrated.

ABSTRACTLacquerware is a type of ancient and unique Chinese artwork that was also popular throughout Asia and Europe. The process of mixing tung oil in lacquer sap was a milestone in lacquerware history. However, the proportions of tung oil in different types of art forms are still not clear and are disputed, due to the lack of noninvasive quantitative technology. To solve this problem, tung oil and lacquer sap from different sources were used to make 140 standard samples with different ratios. A quantitative test model was built based on near-infrared spectroscopy and a partial least squares algorithm. Additionally, 14 typical Chinese ancient lacquer artworks were analyzed. The proportions of tung oil in different types of lacquerwares are discussed. All the spectral data from this study will be open to other researchers to ensure that this technology can be improved and applied to correlation research as soon as possible.

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Recent advances in electrochemical energy storage based on nano- and micro-structured (NMS) scaffolds are summarized and discussed.The fundamentals, superiorities, and design principle of NMS scaffolds are outlined.Given the present progress, the ongoing challenges and promising perspectives are highlighted.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is an important oil and cash crop in the world. Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant, which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development. Here, the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage, monitoring, reproduction and renewal. We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years. The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) as a new electrochemical energy storage system have been considered as a desirable candidate in the post-lithium-ion battery era. Nevertheless, the study on this realm is in its infancy; it is urgent to develop electrode materials with high electrochemical performance and low cost. Iron sulfides as anode materials have aroused wide attention by virtue of their merits of high theoretical capacities, environmental benignity, and cost competitiveness. Herein, we constructed carbon-free crystal-like Fe1–xS and demonstrated its feasibility as a PIB anode. The unique structural feature endows the prepared Fe1–xS with plentiful active sites for electrochemical reactions and short transmission pathways for ions/electrons. The Fe1–xS electrode retained capacities of 420.8 mAh g–1after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g–1and 212.9 mAh g–1after 250 cycles at 1.0 A g–1. Even at a high rate of 5.0 A g–1, an average capacity of 167.6 mAh g–1was achieved. In addition, a potassium-ion full cell is assembled by employing Fe1–xS as an anode and potassium Prussian blue as a cathode; it delivered a discharge capacity of 127.6 mAh g–1at 100 mA g–1after 50 cycles.

Drought is a major natural disaster causing crop yield losses, while its occurrence mechanism and spatiotemporal variations in a changing climate are still not clear. Based on a long-term climatic dataset (during 1958–2015) from weather stations in the North China Plain (NCP), the influencing mechanism of various climatic factors on drought risk of winter wheat was quantified by using sensitivity analysis, Mann-Kendall trend test and slope estimation. The results indicated that climatic factors have changed considerably over the past six decades in the growth season of winter wheat. As a result, winter wheat suffered from severe droughts (with 350 mm of water deficit during its growth season), particularly at the jointing–heading and heading–mature stages, which were critical to crop yield formation. There were large spatial and temporal variations in drought risk and climatic change factors at different growth stages of winter wheat. Despite precipitation playing a vital role in determining the spatiotemporal patterns of drought risk, high temperature and low humidity along with other climatic factors at key growth stages of winter wheat aggravated drought risk. Particularly, temperature at nearly 90% weather stations showed a notablely upward trend, which exacerbated water deficit and drought risk of winter wheat. Given the complexity and high uncertainty of climate change, these findings provide important information for adapting crop production to future climate change and accompanied droughts while ensuring food security and agricultural sustainability.

The transfer of an ultrathin membrane onto arbitrary substrates is important in different practical fields. Conventional wet-transfer methods inevitably induce wrinkle defects as a result of the large contact angle of the trapped droplet between the membrane and the substrate. Here, we demonstrate a gas flow-assisted method (GFAM) to transfer centimeter (cm)-scale ultrathin membranes onto arbitrary substrates (including a curved substrate) without wrinkles. GFAM makes use of contact angle hysteresis to bulge the trapped droplet between the substrate and the ultrathin membrane and simultaneously stretch the ultrathin membrane during rapid dewetting driven by gas flow. Moreover, GFAM can be easily fulfilled by using compressed air for seconds. Compared with conventional hydrophilic treatments or organic liquid wetting, this method has no durability concern and does not change the surface nature of substrates. Taking a widely used ultrathin anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as an example, we successfully demonstrate the application of a large-area wrinkle-free ultrathin AAO membrane to defect-free ordered nanostructure array fabrication and investigate the micro-scale details of macro-scale wrinkles generated by the conventional ways. In addition, its corresponding superiority over the defective counterpart is further studied in optical sensing. This method is highly valuable for promoting the simplicity of large-area ultrathin membrane transfer in practice.

Osteoporosis (OP) behaves in different manners in different parts of the skeleton. This study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin on bone mass of the mandibular and femur from ovariectomized OP rats and to validate whether enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)/Wnt/β‐Catenin pathway is involved in this process. Curcumin was administered intragastrically into ovariectomized rats for 12 weeks. The bone parameters and the morphology of the trabecular bone of the left mandible and left femur were assessed by micro‐computed tomography assay. Morphological changes of the left mandible and left femur were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA levels of EZH2, β‐Catenin, and Runx2 in the right mandible and right femur were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess EZH2 expression. Both the mandible and femur exhibited OP‐like changes in ovariectomized rats, while the mandible bone resorption was less than the femur bone resorption. Curcumin intragastric administration improved bone microstructure and promoted bone formation in the mandible and femur. Curcumin inhibited EZH2 mRNA level and induced that of β‐Catenin and Runx2 in the mandible and femur. Collectively, curcumin exerts protective effects against OP, possibly by regulating the EZH2/Wnt/β‐Catenin pathway.

Aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is one of the most concerns in peanut production in China. Applying non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavusstrains, based on competitive exclusion, has been proved to be a promising strategy to reduce aflatoxin contamination in pre-harvest peanuts. Two non-aflatoxigenic A. flavusstrains collected in China, which have been proved effectively reducing aflatoxin in the laboratory, were mixed with high aflatoxin producer to the soil in peanut growing season. The two non-aflatoxigenic strains significantly (P ​< ​0.05) reduced aflatoxin contamination in peanut kernels under both normal and drought stresses in two fields. Compared to control, the total aflatoxin (sum of aflatoxin B1and B2) was reduced 26.7–99.12% in field 1, and 84.96–99.33% in field 2. The aflatoxin was reduced 84.96–99.33% under drought stress in two fields. The present study indicated the non-aflatoxigenic A. flavusstrains could be potential biocontrol agents for reducing aflatoxin contamination under field condition.

The compatibility of the gate dielectrics with semiconductors is vital for constructing efficient conducting channel for high charge transport. However, it is still a highly challenging mission to clearly clarify the relationship between the dielectric layers and the chemical structure of semiconductors, especially vacuum-deposited small molecules. Here, interfacial molecular screening of polyimide (Kapton) dielectric in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is comprehensively studied. It is found that the semiconducting small molecules with alkyl side chains prefer to form a high-quality charge transport layer on polyimide (PI) dielectrics compared with the molecules without alkyl side chains. On this basis, the fabricated transistors could reach the mobility of 1.2 cm2V−1s−1the molecule with alkyl side chains on bare PI dielectric. What is more, the compatible semiconductor and dielectric would further produce a low activation energy (EA) of 3.01 meV towards efficient charge transport even at low temperature (e.g., 100 K, 0.9 cm2V−1s−1). Our research provides a guiding scheme for the construction of high-performance thin-film field-effect transistors based on PI dielectric layer at room and low temperatures.

Adsorption-induced change of carrier density is presently dominating inorganic semiconductor gas sensing, which is usually operated at a high temperature. Besides carrier density, other carrier characteristics might also play a critical role in gas sensing. Here, we show that carrier mobility can be an efficient parameter to dominate gas sensing, by which room-temperature gas sensing of inorganic semiconductors is realized via a carrier mobility-dominated gas-sensing (CMDGS) mode. To demonstrate CMDGS, we design and prepare a gas sensor based on a regular array of SnO2nanorods on a bottom film. It is found that the key for determining the gas-sensing mode is adjusting the length of the arrayed nanorods. With the change in the nanorod length from 340 to 40 nm, the gas-sensing behavior changes from the conventional carrier-density mode to a complete carrier-mobility mode. Moreover, compared to the carrier density-dominating gas sensing, the proposed CMDGS mode enhances the sensor sensitivity. CMDGS proves to be an emerging gas-sensing mode for designing inorganic semiconductor gas sensors with high performances at room temperature.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the function of SNHG1, a long non-coding RNA implicated in disease progression, apoptosis, and proliferation, in order to solve the problem of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborn care. We investigated the impact of overexpressing SNHG1 on hypoxia-induced apoptosis and studied its expression in BV2 microglial cells under hypoxic circumstances. As a result of modifying YY1 expression, SNHG1′s overexpression prevents apoptosis, as our data demonstrate that it is considerably downregulated under hypoxia. We demonstrate that SNHG1 might potentially reduce microglial ischemia-reperfusion damage by using sophisticated nanoengineering drug delivery technologies to target it. This provides encouraging information for the therapy of ischemic epilepsy.

Photoelectrochemical NO3−reduction (PEC NITRR) not only provides a promising solution for promoting the global nitrogen cycle, but also converts NO3−to the important chemicals (NH3). However, it is still a great challenge to prepare catalysts with excellent NO3−adsorption/activation capacity to achieve high NITRR. Herein, we designed a novel Fe2+Cu2+Fe3+LDH/BiVO4(FCF-LDH/BVO) catalyst with synergistic effect of chemical adsorption and physical enrichment. Fe2+in FCF-LDH/BVO provides the rich Lewis acid sites for the adsorption of NO3−, and the appropriate layer spacing of FCF-LDH further promotes the physical enrichment of NO3−in its interior, thus realizing the effective contact between NO3−and active sites (Fe2+). FCF-LDH/BVO showed excellent NH3production performance (FENH3 = 66.1%, rNH3 = 13.8 μg h−1 cm−2) and selectivity (FENO2- = 2.5%, rNO2- = 4.9 μg h−1 cm−2) in 0.5M Na2SO4electrolyte. In addition, FCF-LDH/BVO maintains the desirable PEC stability for six cycle experiments, showing great potential for practical application. The 14NO3−and 15NO3−isotope test provides strong evidence for further verification of the origin of N in the generated NH3. This LDH catalyst has a great potential in PEC removal of NO3−from groundwater.

Noncontact triboelectric sensors (TESs) have the potential to enhance self-powered sensing performance by eliminating the need for physical contact. This study demonstrates a strategy to construct noncontact TES that enables self-powered sensing and vibration signal acquisition with high sensitivity and wide bandwidth. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes into nitrocellulose (CNTs/NC) endows the tribopositive layer with larger inner micro/nanocapacitances, consequently augmenting the charge storage capacity. As a result, the contactless sensing performance of CNTs/NC-based TES (CNTs/NC-TES) was enhanced by 146%. Correspondingly, the related theory and working mechanism of noncontact sensing were demonstrated. Furthermore, the CNTs/NC-TES exhibits optimal distance response sensitivity of 57.10 V mm–1, a wide-bandwidth response from 0.1 to 4000 Hz, and relative humidity (RH) stability. This contactless CNTs/NC-TES has the potential for high sensitivity and wide frequency vibration monitoring in a high-RH environment.