16 results on '"Li, Chaoen"'
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2. Copper-Based Sorbents and Catalysts for Elemental Mercury Removal from Gas Stream: A Review
- Author
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Li, Chaoen, Yue, Erlin, Wu, Jiang, Li, Bin, and Liu, Dongjing
- Abstract
Mercury emission has become a global concern due to the potential risks Hg poses to human health and the environment. Currently, copper-based compounds, such as CuCl2, CuO, CuS, and CuSe, have attracted great attention in mercury emission control, because of their low cost and decent removal efficiency. This review provides an overview of the recent progress on adsorptive and catalytic oxidation removal of elemental mercury over copper-based composites. Supported CuCl2can majorly serve as an inexpensive and efficient catalyst toward Hg0oxidation. Nevertheless, the high volatility and water solubility of mercury chloride may cause halogen release and a potential leaching risk of mercury, respectively. Due to its superior redox property, CuO is fairly active in Hg0oxidation. Metal incorporation can distinctly strengthen the mercury removal performance. However, CuO-based composites can be easily poisoned or suppressed by flue gas constituents owing to the generation of inactive copper sulfates/nitrates or competitive adsorption. CuS-based composites appear to be the most promising sorbents for mercury capture, because of strong Hg0affinities and remarkable tolerances to steam and sulfur dioxide. CuSe-based composites show mercury capture performances similar to those of CuS-based composites. However, tedious synthetic processes and expensive Se precursors hinder their industrial implementation.
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- 2023
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3. Two-phase immersion liquid cooling system for 4680 Li-ion battery thermal management
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Li, Chaoen, Wang, Yuhang, Sun, Zhiwei, Wen, Xiaodong, Wu, Jiayu, Feng, Lei, Wang, Yuxiang, Cai, Wei, Yu, Hang, Wang, Men, Zhu, Han, and Liu, Dongjing
- Abstract
The demand for large format lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is rising as they are easier to integrate and control at a system level. While, with increasing size, there is an augmented risk of overheating due to increased heat generation. For 18650 and 21,700 batteries, they can be efficiently cooled either from the base or from the side. Given the widespread adoption of large format 4680-cylindrical cells, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive understanding of their thermal management strategies. The present study proposes a liquid immersion system to investigate the cooling performance of a group 4680 LIBs and assess the impact of thermal management performance on battery pack. A comparison is made among different cooling strategies, including natural convection, forced convection, and SF33 coolant liquid cooling, under various discharge rates. The results indicate that the utilization of two-phase immersion cooling system proved highly efficient in maintaining the cell temperature within the range of 34–35 °C across all tested conditions, exhibiting excellent temperature uniformity. Finally, the influential factors affecting the pool cooling heat transfer were discussed, including the battery surface structure, intracavitary pressure, coolant properties and so on. This study provides fundamental research for direct liquid-cooling technology, which exhibits significant potential in augmenting the durability and safety aspects of LIBs.
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- 2024
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4. Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Gaseous Mercury Emission Control: A Review
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Liu, Dongjing, Yang, Lingtao, Ling, Yang, Wu, Jiang, Li, Bin, and Li, Chaoen
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Mercury emissions from combustion of coal, biomass, and solid waste threaten human life and the environment. As the principal mercury species in flue gas, elemental mercury (Hg0) can easily escape from available air pollution control instruments because of its chemical inertness, high volatility, and aqueous insolubility. Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) seems to be an intriguing candidate for Hg0emission control. This review highlights the latest advances in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of Hg0by g-C3N4-based composites. Metal oxide (MeOx)- and halide-modified g-C3N4can effectively capture Hg0from simulated flue gas. Nonetheless, acidic flue gas components can degrade the performances of MeOx/g-C3N4adsorbents, while halide-modified g-C3N4suffers from release of halogen and potential leaching risk of mercury. Metal sulfide (MeSx)-modified g-C3N4appears to be the best candidate for Hg0capture owing to its superior tolerance to sulfur dioxide, fast adsorption rate, and high mercury capacity. Combining bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX) with g-C3N4can promote photocatalytic oxidation of elemental mercury under visible light irradiation; nonetheless, the Hg0removal efficiency is still unsatisfactory, and the underlying photocatalysis mechanism is not yet clear.
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- 2022
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5. Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Gaseous Mercury Emission Control: A Review.
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Liu, Dongjing, Yang, Lingtao, Ling, Yang, Wu, Jiang, Li, Bin, and Li, Chaoen
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- 2022
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6. A novel biogenic porous core/shell-based shape-stabilized phase change material for building energy saving
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Li, Chaoen, Sun, Zhiwei, Wang, Yuxiang, Zhu, Jiahang, Wu, Jiayu, Feng, Lei, Wen, Xiaodong, Cai, Wei, Yu, Hang, Wang, Meng, Wu, Jiang, and Liu, Dongjing
- Abstract
The application of phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal storage in construction can effectively reduce building energy consumption. However, high costs and vulnerability to leaks have hindered their application. The present study proposes two approaches for the synthesis of porous supporting matrices derived from rice husk, resulting in the formation of rice husk silica (RHS) and rice husk carbon (RHC). Then, n-octadecane and the porous materials were combined by vacuum impregnation, while the leakage resistance performance of the composite PCMs was enhanced by applying epoxy resin coating to create a shell-core structure. The results show that the n-octadecane/RHS and n-octadecane/RHC composite PCMs exhibit high latent heat potential of 106.5 J/g and 116.3 J/g, respectively. Both porous supporting structures provided the PCMs with robust structural stability and exceptional thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of the n-octadecane/RHS composite PCMs and n-octadecane/RHC composite PCMs reached 0.52 W/(m K) and 0.41 W/(m K), respectively. The thermal properties of the biogenic porous core/shell-based shape-stabilized PCMs were characterized by an analog T-history method, and the results demonstrated that the composite PCMs exhibited excellent and rapid heat storage and exothermic capabilities. After undergoing 300 complete heating and cooling cycles, the composite PCMs demonstrate exceptional thermal reliability and possess a high enthalpy capacity. Finally, the impact of the pore structure of RHS and RHC on the crystallization behavior of n-octadecane was discussed. Both composite PCMs can be regarded as environmentally friendly construction materials with promising thermal and acoustic properties.
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- 2024
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7. Solid–Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium Model Applied for a CH4–CO2 Binary Mixture.
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Tang, Liangguang, Li, Chaoen, and Lim, Seng
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- 2019
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8. Solid–Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium Model Applied for a CH4–CO2Binary Mixture
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Tang, Liangguang, Li, Chaoen, and Lim, Seng
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A low-temperature process involving the formation of dry ice to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2-containing mixture is proved to be energy efficient. An accurate prediction of the phase equilibria of the components is necessary for the development of such a process. The current work extended a model for simultaneous calculation of phase stability and flash computations for a multicomponent and multiphase system to a system involving the formation of dry ice. This study derived composition-independent correlations of solid–vapor and solid–liquid and introduced these correlations into a Gibbs energy minimization algorithm with the stability variable of phase in predicting the phase diagram of pure CO2and the solid–fluid-phase equilibria of a methane (CH4)–CO2binary mixture. A CO2solid-phase equation of state (EoS) based on Gibbs free energy and a fluid-phase EoS based on Helmholtz free energy were used in this study. Experimental data were compiled for a CH4–CO2mixture involving the solid–vapor, solid–liquid, and solid–liquid–vapor equilibria. In general, modeling results agreed with the experimental data, and discrepancies between the modeling and experimental data have been well identified and discussed. The solid–vapor-phase equilibrium region that can be used for low-temperature CO2separation was suggested.
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- 2019
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9. Synthesis of microencapsulated stearic acid with amorphous TiO2 as shape-stabilized PCMs for thermal energy storage.
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Li, Chaoen, He, Guixiong, Yan, Huaguang, Yu, Hang, and Song, Yuan
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Abstract Stearic acid/amorphous TiO 2 composites were synthesized by a Sol-gel way with different pH values. The as-prepared PCMs were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR to determine the chemical compositions and structure to find out the influence of synthesis condition (pH valves). The thermal performance and thermal stability of the composite phase change material were determined by DSC and TGA. It was found that the composite PCMs prepared in the acidic condition exhibited better than that under alkaline condition. The addition of CNTs enhanced the thermal conductivity of the as-prepared PCMs. The purpose of our study is to provide a sample way to synthesis of composite PCM for thermal energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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10. Experimental studies on two-phase immersion liquid cooling for Li-ion battery thermal management
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Wang, Yuhang, Li, Chaoen, Wen, Xiaodong, Cai, Wei, Jiang, Yi, Wen, Chenxiang, Wang, Yuxiang, Hu, Liangji, Yu, Hang, Zhu, Han, Guo, Haijin, and Liu, Dongjing
- Abstract
The thermal management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become a critical topic in the energy storage and automotive industries. Among the various cooling methods, two-phase submerged liquid cooling is known to be the most efficient solution, as it delivers a high heat dissipation rate by utilizing the latent heat from the liquid-to-vapor phase change. In this study, a novel two-phase liquid immersion system was proposed, and the cooling performance of an 18650 LIB was investigated to evaluate the effects of thermal management on the performance of the battery pack. Four cooling strategies, namely natural, forced convection, mineral oil (single-phase), and SF33 fluid (two-phase) cooling, were compared under different discharge rates and dynamic load conditions. The results suggest that two-phase immersion cooling with SF33 fluid was highly effective to keep the cell temperature under 34 °C under all tested conditions, and the temperature change of the battery did not exceed 5 °C. A large amount of heat from the battery during high C discharge was absorbed by the boiling of SF33, allowing it to effectively maintain the cell temperature in an optimal temperature range (33–34 °C). Finally, the mechanism of pool heat transfer was determined through visual analysis. Initially, small bubbles appeared near the wires and battery terminals, which acted as gasification cores. Subsequently, small bubbles arose around the surface of the battery body, most of which grew to reach the interface. Eventually, the vapor condensed near the top condenser coils. This study provides a foundation for the further development of direct two-phase liquid-cooling technology, which can be an effective method for enhancing the life and safety of LIBs.
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- 2023
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11. Assessing the impacts of urban morphology factors on the energy performance for building stocks based on a novel automatic generation framework.
- Author
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Wang, Meng, Yu, Hang, Yang, Yikun, Jing, Rui, Tang, Yin, and Li, Chaoen
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URBAN morphology ,BUILDING performance ,GEOMETRIC series ,URBAN planning ,GEOMETRIC modeling ,MODULAR construction - Abstract
• Propose a generalized paradigm of neighborhood-scale urban building energy modeling. • Determine the typical building shape through field survey and clustering analysis. • Develop massive geometric prototype models for building stock. • Introduce a series of geometric parameters to describe urban morphology. • Identify the most influential urban morphology factors affecting energy demands. The building sector accounts for an increasing amount of energy and emissions with continued urbanization, and improving the energy performance of building stocks at the early planning stage is cost-efficient and easy to operate. This study presents an automatic generation framework to quantify the impacts of urban morphology factors on the energy performance of neighborhood-scale building stocks. The typical office building shape is firstly determined by a field survey and clustering analysis. Then the building modular cells-based method is introduced to establish a comprehensive energy performance database for building stocks. The impacts of urban morphology factors on energy performance are further prioritized via global sensitivity analysis. A case study in Shanghai, China demonstrated the proposed automatic generation framework which can act as a generalized paradigm to model building stocks and be widely applicable to other climate zones. The urban morphology factors representing buildings' geometric characteristics tend to have greater impacts on energy performance, among which the top influencing factors are relative compactness, building coverage ratio, and building height distribution. The proposed framework and the findings are expected to generate valuable insights into energy-efficient urban design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by carbon spheres supported visible-light-driven CuO–TiO2.
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Wu, Jiang, Li, Chaoen, Chen, Xiantuo, Zhang, Jing, Zhao, Lili, Huang, Tianfang, Hu, Tao, Zhang, Chong, Ni, Bu, Zhou, Xiao, Liang, Pankun, and Zhang, Wenbo
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MERCURY oxidation ,PHOTOCATALYTIC oxidation ,GAS phase reactions ,COPPER oxide ,TITANIUM dioxide ,LIGHT emitting diodes - Abstract
A simplified approach for the fabrication of CuO/TiO 2 @C is demonstrated. In this study, low cost CuO/TiO 2 @C photocatalysts (CSs loading 0.25–2 wt.%) were prepared, characterized and evaluated for gas-phase Hg 0 oxidation. The obtained CuO/TiO 2 @C photocatalysts were used to remove gaseous elemental mercury under UV light and LED respectively, and the optimum doping of content of CSs was determined. The results showed that the CuO/TiO 2 @C photocatalysts were highly efficient in oxidizing Hg 0 , reaching above 64% when the CSs doping reached 0.5 wt.%. We have proposed that the probable mechanism by which CuO/TiO 2 @C photocatalysts remove gaseous elemental mercury: with CSs doping, CSs can act as sensitizer and transfer electrons to the semiconductors, triggering the formation of very reactive radicals to improve photocatalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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13. A database of clothing overall and local insulation and prediction models for estimating ensembles' insulation.
- Author
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Tang, Yin, Su, Zixiong, Yu, Hang, Zhang, Kege, Li, Chaoen, and Ye, Hai
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PREDICTION models ,THERMAL comfort ,LINEAR equations ,HUMAN ecology ,HEAT transfer ,FORECASTING - Abstract
Clothing has a significant impact on the heat transfer between the human body and the environment, and clothing insulation is an important input parameter for many thermal comfort models. With the development of studies on non-uniform environment and human's local thermal comfort, the clothing local insulation is required in the multi-node human thermoregulation models and significantly affects the accuracy of simulation results. However, there lacks data on clothing local insulation values in standards. In this study, the local insulation of 57 typical garments and 62 ensembles with different layers (1–6 layers) were measured using a thermal manikin. The results show that the ranges of overall insulation for tested garments and ensembles were 0.01–0.56 clo and 0.27–2.17 clo, respectively. The local insulation values differed greatly from the overall insulation values, and varied greatly between different body parts. Further, the linear regression was performed between the ensembles' local insulation at different body parts and the sum of the garments' local insulation. Based on the prediction equations of local insulation, a new method for estimating the overall insulation of ensembles was proposed. Compared with the tradition method using the linear regression equations of overall insulation, the new method reduced the mean relative error from 12.6%–9.1% to 3.4%. This study provided basic data and prediction equations of local insulation for future researches of clothing insulation and local thermal comfort. • A clothing local insulation database including 57 typical garments and 62 ensembles was built. • Linear regression equations of local insulation at different body parts were proposed. • A new method for predicting overall insulation of ensembles using garments' local insulation was developed. • New method reduced the MAPE from 9.1% to 3.4% compared with the method using linear model of overall insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Liquefied synthetic methane from ambient CO2 and renewable H2 - A technoeconomic study.
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Kiani, Ali, Lejeune, Michael, Li, Chaoen, Patel, Jim, and Feron, Paul
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METHANE ,METHANATION ,HYDROGEN production ,CARBON dioxide ,ENERGY consumption ,BIOMASS liquefaction ,COST estimates - Abstract
Methane has enormous potential as a carrier for renewable H 2. The required infrastructure for a methane gas economy is readily available, and it can compete with its energy-intensive liquefied hydrogen (LH 2) counterpart. In this work, we conducted a technoeconomic analysis of the production of liquefied synthetic methane (LSM) from ambient CO 2 and renewable H 2. The process entails (1) capture of CO 2 directly from ambient air, referred to as Direct Air Capture (DAC) using an amine-based system; (2) generation of H 2 from renewable sources, (3) conversion of CO 2 and H 2 to synthetic methane; and (4) liquefaction of synthetic methane. The technoeconomic model used in this study is based on mass/material energy flow analysis and includes the economics of all processes involved. Building on our previous work, we reduced the overall capture cost for the studied scale of 0.291 t/h CO 2 production from US$557 to ~$365/tCO 2. At a scale equivalent to 1 MtCO 2 /year capture, which is the basis for production of LSM in this work, we estimated the cost of DAC to be ~$114/tCO 2. Per GJ of methane produced, the overall cost of LSM was ~$31.5/GJ, comprising around $21.7/GJ ($2.4/kg H 2) for hydrogen production, $5.6/GJ for DAC, $1.4/GJ for methanation and $2.8/GJ for methane liquefaction. The energy conversion efficiency of LSM was lower than for LH 2 , mainly due to the large amount of heat required for DAC. The levelised cost per unit of energy for LSM was lower at small scales, while the costs were the same (~$32/GJ) at a larger scale of 180 kt/year hydrogen production. Our detailed analysis provides insights into the suitability of LSM as a carbon-neutral fuel that can compete economically with LH 2. • Direct air capture (DAC) and methanation processes were integrated. • At a scale of 1 MtCO 2 /year capture, the cost of DAC was estimated ~$114/tCO 2. • Costs of LSM and LH 2 were ~$32/GJ at a scale of 180 kt/year hydrogen production. • Energy efficiency of LH 2 production was higher than that of LSM production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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15. Typical winter clothing characteristics and thermal insulation of ensembles for older people in China.
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Tang, Yin, Yu, Hang, Wang, Zi, Luo, Maohui, Zhang, Kege, Jiao, Yu, and Li, Chaoen
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OLDER people ,THERMAL insulation ,THERMAL comfort ,COLD weather clothing ,SKIN temperature - Abstract
Clothing plays an essential role in maintaining heat balance and thermal comfort for older people but varies with climate conditions and costume culture. The recommended clothing insulation in ISO 7730 and ASHRAE Standard 55 lack information on typical clothing ensemble and local insulation values for older people. To investigate the winter clothing characteristics of older people living in Shanghai, a field survey involving 342 healthy subjects from 12 aged-care homes and a lab study conducted with a 22-segment thermal manikin were performed. Subjects' typical clothing ensembles were summarized based on the survey. The local clothing insulation of 34 typical garments and 35 clothing ensembles were measured in the lab experiment. Results show that most older people in winter worn 7 pieces of clothes (excluding underpants, socks and shoes). The frequencies of typical upper and lower garments/ensembles were reported. Through manikin tests, the whole and local insulation of those typical garments and ensembles were presented. By comparison, the insulation values of garments in ISO 7730 were found to be inconsistent with tested garments' results for older people. Further, linear regression models were built to link relationships of the insulation of multiple garments and ensembles. Through running an older people-based thermoregulation model, it was found an incorrect estimation of typical winter clothing insulation for older people could lead around 1.3 °C deviation on predicted mean skin temperature or around 26% deviation on heat loss. • A field study of 342 elderly people was conducted in 12 aged-care homes in winter. • Local insulation of typical ensembles was tested using a 22-segment thermal manikin. • A winter local clothing insulation database for ederly people was built. • Linear regression models of local clothing insulation were established. • Effects of typical winter clothing for the elderly in predicting skin temperature have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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16. Optimization of the phase-change wallboard test method: Experimental and numerical investigation
- Author
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Song, Yuan, Li, Chaoen, Yu, Hang, Tang, Yin, and Xia, Zhenggang
- Abstract
•Three test modes for the guarded hot plate method were presented and compared.•Numerical simulation was used to deduce the optimal test parameters for the PCM wallboard test.•The uncertainty of numerical stimulation was calculated based on the orthogonal design.•A method was proposed to obtain the accurate phase change temperature of the PCM wallboard.•Optimum test parameters were recommended for the PCM wallboard test.
- Published
- 2020
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