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The water conservation (WC) function of ecosystems is related to regional ecological security and the sustainable development of water resources, and the assessment of WC and its influencing factors is crucial for ecological and water resource management. The Tumen River Basin (TRB) is located in the core of the Northeast Asian ecological network and has been experiencing severe ecological crises and water shortages in recent years due to climate change and human activities. However, these crises have not been fully revealed to the extent that corresponding scientific measures are lacking. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and drivers of WC in the TRB from 1990 to 2019 based on the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. The results showed that: 1) under the combined effect of nature and socioeconomics, the WC depth of the TRB has slowly increased at a rate of 0.11 mm/yr in the past 30 years, with an average WC depth of 36.14 mm. 2) The main driving factor of the spatial variation in WC is precipitation, there is a significant interaction between precipitation and velocity, the interaction between each factor is higher than the contribution of a single factor, and the interactions between factors all have nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. 3) Among the seven counties and municipalities in the study area, the southern part of Helong City and the southeastern part of Longjing City are extremely important areas for WC (> 75 mm), and they should be regarded as regional water resources and ecological priority protection areas. It is foreseen that under extreme climate conditions in the future, the WC of the watershed is under great potential threat, and protection measures such as afforestation and forestation should begin immediately. Furthermore, the great interannual fluctuations in WC depth may place more stringent requirements on the choice of time scales in the ecosystem service assessment process.

Observational studies have reported some associations between thyroid disease and gout, but the causal relationship between the 2 is not clear. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) Analysis to investigate the causal association between some thyroid diseases (autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer) and gout. GWAS data were used for analysis. The exposure factors were autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer, and the outcome variables were gout. IVW, MR-Egger, Weighted median and Weighted mode were used for MR analysis. Cochran Q test MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercept analysis were used to detect heterogeneity and multi directivity. Autoimmune hypothyroidism has a causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.21, PFDR = 0.0336); Autoimmune hyperthyroidism has a causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12, PFDR = 0.0314); Thyroid cancer has no causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98–1.09, PFDR = 0.297); Thyroid nodules has no causal effect on gout, IVW results show (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98–1.08, PFDR = 0.225); Reverse MR Studies show that gout have no causal effect on the above thyroid diseases. Autoimmune hypothyroidism and autoimmune hyperthyroidism increase the risk of gout.

AbstractChina Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel has been developed at Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology under wide collaboration. Fabrication techniques for test blanket modules (TBMs) are being developed, and a 1/3 scale prototype is being fabricated. A 1/3 scale first wall (FW) mockup was fabricated by a one-step hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method with CLAM steel rectangular tubes and plates. Two cover plates and type L cooling plates were produced with strips and grooved plates using electron beam welding (EB) and HIP diffusion bonding. Also, the assembly routine of the FW cover plates and cooling plates and four back plates were pre-tested using solid plates. And, the FW, cooling plate and cover plates were non-destructively tested using dimensional measurements and ultrasonic wave tests, which showed preliminarily the feasibility of the fabrication process.

AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of austenitizing temperature and holding time on the martensitic lath width and microhardness, the microstructures of China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel_(HEAT 0603A) specimens with different heat treatments were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the martensitic lath widths were gained. Besides, the microhardness was obtained by Vickers hardness tests. Based on these results, the relationship between microhardness and heat treatment was given. Taking all factors into consideration, quenching at 1253K for 30min was the optimum heat treatment condition for CLAM (HEAT_0603A). Further study and investigation, such as a series of verification tests etc., will be carried out in the near future.

Objectives To investigate the pathogens and potential risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with retained double-J catheters (DJCs).Methods In total, 107 infants and young children with DJCs were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were included in the infection group (n = 30) or non-infection group (n = 77), according to UTI presence or absence. The species and characteristics of pathogens were investigated, and the clinical features of the patients were recorded for further analysis.Results Gram-negative bacilli were the most common causative pathogens (69.2%), among which Escherichia coliwas most frequent (38.5%). The second most common causative pathogens were Gram-positive cocci (28.2%), among which Enterococcus faecaliswas most frequent (10.3%). UTIs among patients in this study were associated with the following factors: catheter retention (long-term) (odds ratio [OR] = 2.514, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.176–5.373), sex (male) (OR = 2.966, 95% CI = 1.032–8.529), DJC retention (long-term) (OR = 1.869, 95% CI = 1.194–2.926), and DJC number (unilateral) (OR = 0.309, 95% CI = 0.103–0.922).Conclusions Infants and young children with DJCs were likely to experience UTIs, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Long-term catheter retention or DJC retention, male sex, and bilateral DJC retention were risk factors for UTI.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensors have been prepared with pure NiO, Zn-doped NiO and Cu-doped NiO thin films deposited on Si substrates by radio-frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering. The changes of response were studied at different work temperatures (100℃~450℃) and different formaldehyde concentrations(100 ppm ~ 400 ppm). Doping with Zn, the gas response of NiO thin film increased from 36.7% to 51.3% for 400 ppm HCHO. The sensitivity was also improved for the Zn-doped samples for a series of HCHO concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 400 ppm. The reasons for the significant enhancement of HCHO response by doping Zn and Cu into NiO films were discussed.