Search

This article presents a novel and practical data-driven approach to suboptimally allocate charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) in an early-stage setting. Specifically, we investigate the following problem: For a city with a limited budget for public EV charging infrastructure construction, where should the charging stations be deployed in order to promote the transition of EVs from traditional cars? We develop a $\delta$-nearest model and a $K$-nearest model that can capture people's satisfaction toward a certain design and formulate the early-stage EV charging station placement problem as a monotone submodular maximization problem utilizing fine-grained population, trip, transportation network, and point of interest data. A greedy-based algorithm is proposed to solve the problem efficiently with a provable approximation ratio. A case study of Haikou is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the main causes of global warming. Scientists have found that the photocatalytic conversion of CO2using visible light can not only reduce CO2emissions and thus mitigate the rise of CO2concentration in the atmosphere but also produce high-value compounds and fuels, such as CH4, CO, HCOOH, and CH3OH. TiO2-based modified photocatalytic materials have the advantages of high performance and good chemical stability, so they have broad application potential in the field of CO2photocatalysis. So far, a lot of research has been done on the way of photocatalytic reaction and the development of materials, but these achievements still have a long way to go for practical engineering applications, and the modification of TiO2groups may be one of the ways to promote its engineering application ability. For this reason, this paper reviews the modification measures of defect engineering, photosensitization, heterojunctions, and so on, hoping to be helpful in follow-up research work in the fields of improving the performance of devices, improving the utilization of visible light, reducing the carrier recombination rate, and changing the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction. Among various modification methods, defect engineering and photosensitization have been applied, but heterojunction construction is still the most effective way to improve the reduction rate. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focus on the construction of heterojunctions to improve the reduction rate, especially on the progress of charge transfer mechanism of different heterojunctions. By summarizing the current research status, the future development of heterojunctions is reasonably considered and speculated.

Recently, deep learning has been an area of intense research. However, as a kind of computing-intensive task, deep learning highly relies on the scale of GPU memory, which is usually prohibitive and scarce. Although some extensive works have been proposed for dynamic GPU memory management, they are hard to apply to systems with multiple dynamic workloads, such as in-database machine learning systems. In this paper, we demonstrated TENSILE, a method of managing GPU memory in tensor granularity to reduce the GPU memory peak, considering the multiple dynamic workloads. TENSILE tackled the cold-starting and across-iteration scheduling problem existing in previous works. We implemented TENSILE on a deep learning framework built by ourselves and evaluated its performance. The experiment results show that TENSILE can save more GPU memory with less extra overhead than prior works in single and multiple dynamic workloads scenarios.

One of the most serious environmental problems is the global warming brought by CO2and other greenhouse gases. Thus, the development of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technology (CCUS) is urgent. Thereinto, the merits of porous carbon adsorption materials are their substantial specific surface area, stable physical and chemical properties, adjustable pore structure, etc., and they are considered to be good adsorbents for CO2. The adsorption properties of porous carbon material are capable of being directionally controlled by regulating the collocation of carbonization and activation methods and setting the technological parameters used in the preparation process. In addition, nitrogen doping can enhance the effect between adsorbent and adsorbate, leading to higher CO2adsorption capacity. After in-depth studies, although there is still no clear explanation on the mechanism of nitrogen-doped enhancement of the adsorption properties of the adsorbent, it can be confirmed that the main reason is not the traditional acid–base theory, but a large number of micropores, specific surface area, and induction forces are more likely to be the root cause. The porous carbon materials preparation methods, pore structure adjustment strategies, and the types of functionalization and mechanism between nitrogen-doped sites and adsorbents are highlighted in this Review. Finally, the future development direction and existing challenges of this emerging field are also discussed.

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.Glucocorticoid receptors are essential for normal development and stress responses. Their role in H2O and Na+metabolism, especially in chronic heart failure (CHF), is not well defined. In a previous study, we found that glucocorticoids potentiate urination in CHF and promote H2O excretion by inhibiting the vasopressin receptor 2 pathway. The present study examines the effect of glucocorticoids on renal Na+excretion and the underlying mechanisms in CHF rats with acute sodium loading. CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation for 8 weeks. Rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control, CHF, dexamethasone (DEX)-administered CHF, DEX-administered CHF treated with RU486 (mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist), and RU486-treated CHF. An acute sodium loading test was performed 6 hours after DEX administration. Blood and urine samples were collected, and hemodynamics were measured. The expression and localization of Na+transporter proteins were determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. DEX increased the urine volume and urinary sodium and improved cardiac function and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in CHF rats. The upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel β and γ subunits, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), and Na+/K+-ATPase in the renal epithelium of CHF rats was downregulated by DEX. These beneficial effects were abolished by RU486. The expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A was opposite that of the above proteins. Glucocorticoids might induce profound natriuresis in CHF rats during acute sodium loading, which is associated with downregulating some Na+transporter proteins in the renal epithelium and improving intrarenal hemodynamics.

It is unknown whether women with pregnancy-onset asthma are predisposed to worse pregnancy outcomes compared with women with pre-pregnancy asthma.

China is the second high tuberculosis (TB) burden country in the world. This article was to determinate the molecular characteristic of drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis(DRTB) strains from extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).

Conflicting interests among governments at all levels and coal enterprises are not conducive to the implementation of China’s dual-carbon strategy in the coal industry. This study provides a theoretical analysis of the stabilization strategies of governments and coal enterprises by refining Bayesian and evolutionary games to explore the factors that influence each stakeholder’s strategies. The results show that the provincial government plays a key role in the implementation of low-carbon strategy. Corporate bribery can influence municipal government decisions but does not interfere with the ideal state, and the provincial government must only monitor the implementation of low-carbon strategies in municipal governments. Additionally, an incentive-compatible system can encourage municipalities to enforce environmental regulations, thereby mitigating conflicts of interest among stakeholders.

We present a spatial-frequency domain (SFD) fluorescence tomography (FT) for acquiring three-dimensional fluorophore distribution in turbid media. The approach uses a composited epi-illumination of multi-frequency sinusoidal patterns on a sample of semi-infinite geometry and demodulates the measured data with a generalized phase shifting scheme to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF) at each frequency. This method results in a significantly reduced number of the optical field measurements, as compared to those with separate illumination of single-frequency sinusoidal patterns, and, thereby, achieves a fast data acquisition that is desired for a dynamic imaging application. Fluorescence yield images are recovered with the normalized Born formulated inversion of the diffusion model by simultaneously using the multi-frequency MTFs. Simulative and experimental reconstructions are performed in comparison with the single-frequency scheme to validate the proposed algorithm. The results suggest that adoption of the multi-frequency strategy to the SFD-FT can substantially improve the reconstruction quality, as well as its imaging resolution and quantitative accuracy.

CO2capture and storage (CCS) from point sources is an important part of CO2emission reduction technologies. In particular, adsorbents with high capacity and selectivity are needed to reduce the cost of CCS technologies. Herein, we report the controlled synthesis of N-doped carbon materials, which exhibit high CO2/N2selectivity and CO2adsorption capacity. Specifically, cellulose-based nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels (CNCAs) were prepared using cellulose as a precursor and dissolving it in the mixed solution of NaOH and urea, followed by hydrothermal polymerization, freeze-drying, carbonization and activation. During the experiment, the effects of NaOH and urea on the formation and microstructure of carbon aerogels (CAs) were tested, and the impacts of carbonization/activation temperature on the pore structure, nitrogen content, microcrystalline structure and CO2adsorption performance were further investigated. Impressively, for a simulated flue gas with a composition of 15% vol of CO2and 85% vol of N2, the CNCA-750 adsorbent prepared in this work showed excellent adsorption and separation performance for CO2. The adsorption capacity can reach 3.65 mmol CO2/g and that selectivity can reach 19.69. Compared with other absorbents, it has excellent water resistance, high chemical stability, low cost and lower adsorption heat. Comprehensively, CNCAs have great prospects in the ultralow emission of industrial flue gas.