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ObjectivesTo assess the relative benefits of various non-pharmacological interventions on treating primary dysmenorrhoea within a network meta-analysis.Study designSystematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.Inclusion criteriaRandomised controlled trial involving patient with primary dysmenorrhoea and received non-pharmacological interventions.Data sourcesFour databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched from inception to October first, 2022.Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessmentRoB 2.0 assessment tools was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.Synthesis of resultsConventional meta-analysis was conducted by pairwise comparison between non-pharmacological therapy and control treatment. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted by the Aggregate Data Drug Information System Software based on the consistency or inconsistency model, and rank probability was used to indicate the priority of non-pharmacological therapy.Results33 studies involving eight non-pharmacological interventions were included. With regard to conventional meta-analysis, we selected Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as primary outcome to evaluate the pain intensity. The result showed that eight interventions (Exercise, Herb, Acupuncture, Aromatherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Topical heat, Acupressure, Yoga) displayed positive effect on reduction of menstrual pain compared with placebo or no treatment. A Bayesian network meta-analysis revealed that exercise −3.20 (95% CI −4.01 to −2.34), acupuncture −2.90 (95% CI −3.97 to −2.85) and topical heat −2.97 (95% CI −4.66 to −1.29) probably resulted in a reduction in pain intensity (VAS) .ConclusionsNon-pharmacological interventions may result in a reduction or slight reduction in pain intensity compared with no treatment or placebo. Specifically, exercise and acupuncture are considered as potentially effective non-pharmacological treatments in short-term treatment. Indeed, larger and better methodological quality research is needed.Trial registration numberCRD42022351021.

The training and inference of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are costly when scaling up to large-scale graphs. Graph Lottery Ticket (GLT) has presented the first attempt to accelerate GNN inference on large-scale graphs by jointly pruning the graph structure and the model weights. Though promising, GLT encounters robustness and generalization issues when deployed in real-world scenarios, which are also long-standing and critical problems in deep learning ideology. In real-world scenarios, the distribution of unseen test data is typically diverse. We attribute the failures on out-of-distribution (OOD) data to the incapability of discerning causal patterns, which remain stable amidst distribution shifts. In traditional spase graph learning, the model performance deteriorates dramatically as the graph/network sparsity exceeds a certain high level. Worse still, the pruned GNNs are hard to generalize to unseen graph data due to limited training set at hand. To tackle these issues, we propose the Resilient Graph Lottery Ticket (RGLT) to find more robust and generalizable GLT in GNNs. Concretely, we reactivate a fraction of weights/edges by instantaneous gradient information at each pruning point. After sufficient pruning, we conduct environmental interventions to extrapolate potential test distribution. Finally, we perform last several rounds of model averages to further improve generalization. We provide multiple examples and theoretical analyses that underpin the universality and reliability of our proposal. Further, RGLT has been experimentally verified across various independent identically distributed (IID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) graph benchmarks.

In order to improve the starved lubrication condition of rolling bearings, three kinds of textures, namely dimple, groove texture, and gradient groove texture, were developed on the guiding surface of thrust ball bearings in this study. The results show that gradient groove texture has the one-way self-driving function of liquid droplets. The root mean square (RMS) value of vibration acceleration of gradient groove textured bearing (GGB) decreased by 49.1% and the kurtosis decreased by 24.6% compared with non-textured bearing (NB) due to the directional spreading effect of gradient groove textures on oil. The frequency domain analysis showed that the textures mainly suppressed the medium and high-frequency energy of bearing vibration, and the GGB was reduced the most with 65.3% and 48%, respectively. In addition, whether the grease is sufficiently sheared has a large impact on the oil guiding effect, and the friction torque of GGB could decrease by 10.5% compared with NB in the sufficiently sheared condition. Therefore, the gradient groove texture with oil self-driven effect on the guiding surface of rolling bearing can effectively improve the lubrication condition of the bearing and thus reduce the bearing vibration and friction torque, which has a promising application prospect.

Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles is an effective additive used to enhance the tribological properties of greases. However, there are four main mechanisms for improving the tribological properties of nanoparticles. Nano-MoS2mainly plays the role of film formation, but it is difficult to achieve rolling, mending, and polishing effect. In this paper, based on addition of MoS2nanoparticles, CuO, SiO2, and Al2O3nanoparticles are further added to calcium sulfonate complex grease to achieve the other three effects, hoping to further improve the tribological performance of the grease. The tribological properties and the suppression effect on bearing vibration of the five greases were studied by four-ball friction experiment and bearing vibration experiment. The results show that a protective film consisting of MoS2and MoO3is formed on the worn surface. The addition of three oxide nanoparticles can further improve the properties of the calcium sulfonate complex grease containing MoS2nanoparticles. Among them, calcium sulfonate complex grease with MoS2and SiO2nanoparticles performs the best, with 11.9% decrease in friction coefficient, 5.9% reduce in wear scar diameter, 27% decrease in the high frequency vibration of the bearing. The wettability test shows that the contact Angle of polyα-olefin 40 base oil on the thickening agent surface of calcium sulfonate complex grease containing MoS2and SiO2nanoparticles is the smallest, and it can be quickly added to the raceway.

Paclitaxel (Taxol@) as a cornerstone of chemotherapy remains in high demand. The semi-synthesis of paclitaxel viacoupling of Taxus leaf-produced baccatin III and manually synthesized isoserine (C-13 side chain) is one of the solutions to avoid environmental damage caused by the sacrifice of the whole Taxus brevifolia. A green synthesis of the C-13 side chain is pivotal to the green production of paclitaxel. We herein report a green synthesis of isoserine derivatives and the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel viaa straightforward assembly of isoserines based on an Rh2(TPA)3(OAc)/CPA1 co-catalyzed asymmetric multi-component reaction of ethyl diazoacetate, triethyl silanol and N-(anthrancen-9-ylmethyl)benzaldimine. The method is featured by improved atom economy, effective mass yield, and environmental factors compared to our previous racemic method and BMS company's semi-synthesis method. And the method allows for rapid access to paclitaxel derivatives with varied C-13 side chains.

N-(Anthrancen-9-ylmethyl) isoserines are useful drug intermediates but short for efficient synthesis. We herein report the synthesis of N-(anthrancen-9-ylmethyl) isoserines via a Rh2(Ph3COO)3(OAc) and chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) synergistically catalyzed multicomponent reaction (MCR) of N-alkyl imines, alcohols, and diazoesters. The method representing the first example of N-alkyl imines-involved MCR is featured by high atom-economy, high diastereo- and enantioselectivities, and broad substrate scope. DFT calculations on the mechanism of the MCR reveals that the hydrophobic interactions and π–π stackings between N-(anthrancen-9-ylmethyl) imines and Rh2(Ph3COO)3(OAc)/CPA cocatalyst is essential to the reactivity and stereocontrol. The synthetic applications of the MCR products include the semisynthesis of paclitaxel, its alkyne-tagged derivative, and β-lactam as an anticancer agent overcoming paclitaxel-resistance. We expect this work to shed light on the development of new N-alkyl imines-involved reactions and on the synthesis of drugs with isoserines as intermediates.

A novel ternary photocatalyst of AgI/Ag6Si2O7/BiOI was successfully synthesized using the ultrasonic co-precipitation method. The ratio of Ag6Si2O7, AgI and BiOI in the composite were screened and the reaction conditions were optimized. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the AgI/Ag6Si2O7/BiOI-65 % (1/3AI/AS/BI-65 %) catalyst exhibited excellent performance in degrading 20 mg/L norfloxacin (NOR) with a removal rate of up to 92.96 % and the apparent rate constant (0.01241 min−1) was approximately 12.048, 27.578, 3.866 and 1.693 times as high as that of Ag6Si2O7, AgI, BiOI and AgI/Ag6Si2O7, respectively. Meanwhile, the 1/3AI/AS/BI-65 % catalyst showed good universality, salt resistance and recycling stability for antibiotics. Additionally, the toxicity of degraded NOR to wheat was significantly reduced. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), free radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis were employed to deduce possible photocatalytic mechanisms and degradation pathways for NOR. The results indicate that the improved photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the formation of a double Z-type heterojunction in the 1/3AI/AS/BI-65 % which effectively promotes charge carrier separation and enhances the visible light absorption capacity. This study provides new insights into treating antibiotics in sewage using BiOI based heterojunction catalyst.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

The purpose of this work was to develop an anti-CAT-SYI immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibody that targeted both GtfB (glucosyltransferase B) and GbpB (glucan-binding protein B) and test its anticaries properties in rats.

Nucleic acid aptamers, as useful alternatives of antibodies, have found a large range of promising applications such as affinity separation and bioassays. The screening of aptamers is critical for their applications. Aptamers are often screened by an in vitro methodology called SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). Although numerous SELEX methods have been established to facilitate the selection, new efficient selection methods are still much needed. Molecularly imprinted polymers, which are antibody alternatives at the material level and competitors of aptamers, have not been used as a platform for aptamer selection yet so far. In this study, a glycan-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-based SELEX was developed to efficiently screen aptamers against glycoproteins. Glycan-imprinted MNPs were used as an affinity interface to bind target glycoprotein, and then the target glycoprotein-bound MNPs were used as an affinity substrate for aptamer selection. The glycan-imprinted MNPs were synthesized by a state-of-the-art imprinting approach called boronate affinity controllable oriented surface imprinting. The glycan-imprinted MNPs exhibited high affinity and specificity and therefore allowed preferential binding toward target glycoproteins while excluding unwanted species. Two representative glycoproteins, including RNase B and transferrin, were employed as target glycoproteins, and aptamers with high affinity and specificity toward the two target glycoproteins were screened out in 3 rounds. This method exhibited some merits, such as high affinity, fast speed, and avoiding negative screening. Therefore, the glycan-imprinted MNP-based SELEX approach holds great values for the efficient screening of high-performance aptamers.

A novel magnetic graphene oxide–metal organic framework [Zn2(BTC)(NO3)(DMA)3]n(MGO–ZnBND) possessing both magnetic properties and excellent enantioselective capture of chiral drug intermediates was prepared and characterized in this paper. The MGO–ZnBND nanocomposite combines the superior properties of each component, making up for the deficiencies of each single component and shows excellent physicochemical properties. Solutions of racemic 2,2′-furoin and benzoin were chosen to investigate the enantioselective performance of the MGO–ZnBND nanocomposite by dispersive magnetic nanoparticle solid phase extraction (d-MNSPE). Under the optimized conditions, the nanocomposite shows excellent enantioselectivity to 2,2′-furoin and benzoin with enantiomeric excess (ee) values reaching up to 85% and 66%. The entire process with 2,2′-furoin and benzoin could be completed within 4 min and 6 min, respectively. After washing with methanol, the host MGO–ZnBND can be easily recycled and reused six times without any apparent loss of performance.

This is the first to investigate the in-situ treatment of an end of rivers by autotrophic/ heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification MABRs. After treatment, the removal efficiency of NH4 + -N and total phosphorus (TP) was 97.1% and 76.4% respectively. NH4 + -N, total nitrogen (TN), and TP could respectively reach 0.12 mg/L, 2.94 mg/L, and 0.05 mg/L in December (temperature 1 ℃−10 ℃, total rainfall 1.4 mm, salinity 17,420 mg/L-27,500 mg/L). The extracellular polymers (EPSs) secreted by microorganisms may protect the MABR biofilms at low temperatures and high salinity conditions. During the rainy season (temperature 19 ℃−29 ℃, rainfall 10.4–194.4 mm, June to September), downstream NH4 + -N and COD can reach 0.34 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively with upstream NH4 + -N 1.57 mg/L and COD 21 mg/L. And the MABR modules were fixed at 2–3 m depth, which may mitigate rainwater impact on MABR biofilms. Additionally, the microbial population structures in the MABR biofilms and the sediment surfaces of the river were analyzed based on 16 S rRNA identification technology. It was found that Acinetobacter (0.05%−2.18%), Paracoccus (0.05%−0.75%), Pseudomonas (0.08%−0.22%), and Thiobacillus (0.04%−1.21%) collaboratively contributed to nitrogen removal from the river through different types of denitrification processes in this study. Among the denitrification processes, aerobic denitrification was dominant in the MABR biofilms, while autotrophic denitrifying desulphurization (ADD) and HN-AD were dominant in the river sediment surfaces. The study is of great significance for river water purification, aquatic life protection, and coastal ecosystem security.

To improve the endurance and reliability of cylindrical roller bearings (CRBs) under complex operating conditions, a dynamic model of CRB is developed. The model incorporates a roller–raceway contact model to optimize roller profile and is further verified with published data. Systematic parametric analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of flange angle, roller-end sphere radius, and roller profile on load distribution, roller tilt, roller skew, and contact performance. The results suggest that high flange–roller contact location and contact stiffness can effectively extend fatigue life of the bearing, while low flange–roller contact location can reduce the heat generation. In addition, roller profile has negligible effect on load distribution, but an optimized roller profile can improve the anti-tilt capacity. The developed model provides a tool for the internal design and frictional loss optimization of CRB under combined loads.

For the rolling element bearing–rotor system, the bearing stiffness and eventual system vibration performance are influenced by the shape and position errors of the bearing housing. In this article, a rotor supported by two cylindrical roller bearings is investigated. The load and deformation between the roller and the raceways of the bearing and the bending deformation of the rotor are analysed. An analytical model is established for calculating the radial and angular stiffnesses of the bearing considering the bearing housing deflections. Consequently, a vibration model which can consider the influences of the bearing housing deflections is developed for the bearing–rotor system. With a calculation example, the influences of the housing deflection angles on the vibration performance of the bearing–rotor system are studied numerically and a series of conclusions are obtained and explained.

Interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix has a strong influence on composite mechanical performance: better interfacial adhesion can enhance composite transverse properties, flexural properties, and interlaminar shear strength, and so on. To exploit the reinforcement potential of the fibers in advanced composite, it is necessary to reach a deeper understanding on the relation between fiber wettability and interfacial adhesion. In our experiment, we study the influence of fiber wettability on interfacial properties of fiber/PPESK composites by choosing three kinds of fibers with different wettabilities. The relation between fiber wettability and surface free energy was discussed, and the influence of fiber wettability on the interfacial property of fiber/PPESK composites was analyzed. Results indicate that higher surface free energy can enhance the wettability between fiber and matrix, and the humid resistance and interfacial adhesion can be improved at the same time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2544–2551, 2006

Arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or P-450 epoxygenase pathways can generate a variety of eicosanoids. Thromboxane synthase (TxS) metabolizes the cyclooxygenase product, prostanglandin H2, into thromboxane A2(TXA2), which can cause vessel constriction, platelet activation, and aggregation. Here we demonstrate that human prostate cancer (PCa) cells express enzymatically active TxS and that this enzyme is involved in cell motility. In human PCa cell lines, PC-3, PC-3M, and ML-2 cells expressed higher levels of TxS than normal prostate epithelial cells or other established PCa cell lines such as DU145, LNCaP, or PPC-1. We cloned and sequenced the full-length TxS cDNA from PC-3 cells and found two changes in the amino acid residues. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor specimens revealed that expression of TxS is weak or absent in normal differentiated luminal, or secretory cells, significantly elevated in less differentiated or advanced prostate tumors, and markedly increased in tumors with perineural invasion. TxS expressed in PC-3 cells was enzymatically active and susceptible to carboxyheptal imidazole, an inhibitor of TxS. The biosynthesis of TXA2in PC-3 cells was dependent on COX-2, and to a lesser extent, COX-1. Treatment of PC-3 cells with a COX-1 selective inhibitor, piroxicam, reduced TXA2synthesis by approximately 40%, while the COX-2 specific inhibitor NS398 reduced TXA2production by ∼80%. Inhibition of TxS activity or blockade of TXA2function reduced PC-3 cell migration on fibronectin, while having minimal effects on cell cycle progression or survival. Finally, increased expression of TxS in DU145 cells increased cell motility. Our data suggest that human PCa cells express TxS and that this enzyme may contribute to PCa progression through modulating cell motility.

Phase separation of a binary polymer mixture of poly{styrene-co-[ p-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethylethyl-α-methylstyrene]} (PS(OH)) and poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate)] (PMMA(G)) upon cross-linking reaction was studied using time-resolved light scattering (TRLS) and optical microscopy. The blends of PS(OH)/PMMA(G), in which PMMA(G) containing 1.4 mol-% epoxy groups can be selectively cross-linked with the multifunctional agent 4,4'-methylenebis(o-chloroaniline) (MOCA) and PS(OH) contains 1.8 mol-% of the strongly proton-donating group —C(CF3)2OH, exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The cross-linking reaction was carried out for two compositions of PS(OH)/PMMA(G)/MOCA, 50/50/0.7 and 40/60/0.8 (w/w/w), at various temperatures located in the one-phase region between the coexistence curve and the glass transition temperature of the blends. TRLS investigation shows that the phase separation takes place via spinodal decomposition (SD) induced by the increase in the molecular weight of PMMA(G) during the cross-linking reaction. A modulated phase structure with the characteristic features of periodicity and dual connectivity of the phases was developed in this case. The dynamics of SD were investigated in terms of changes of the peak scattering vector qm(t) as a function of time. They are dependent on the reaction temperature and composition. A scaling relation qm(t) ∝ t^–αf(x) describing the behavior of the evolution of phase separation upon reaction was supported by the experiments.

Phase separation during copolymerization of a mixture of methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate/poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (MMA/VAc/EVA) is investigated by time-resolved light scattering (TRLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TRLS investigation shows that a phase separation takes place via spinodal decomposition (SD) when polymerization in a mixture of MMA/VAc/EVA as well as of MMA/EVA proceeds. Scattering profiles with double-peak feature develop in the case of SD induced by copolymerization in MMA/VAc/EVA mixtures, whereas only a single peak occurs in the MMA/EVA copolymerization. Moreover, it is shown that the process of SD during polymerization is different from that in ordinary thermally-induced SD, i. e. qm , the wavenumber q at the peak position of the scattering profile, remains virtually invariant with time. SEM observation show that the unique morphologies are obtained ultimately during SD induced by polymerization in MMA/EVA and MMA/VAc/EVA mixtures. For the polymerized MMA/EVA mixture, PMMA-rich particles with a uniform size and distribution are dispersed in the matrix of an EVA-rich phase, whereas for polymerized MMA/VAc/EVA mixtures, MMA-VAc copolymer rich particles are finely dispersed in an EVA-rich phase as matrix with bimodal distribution of sizes, i. e. uniform small domains and larger domains are obtained simultaneously, which is consistent with the results of the double peak observed in light scattering profiles.

Phase separation of a binary polymer mixture of poly{styrene-co-[ p-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethylethyl-α-methylstyrene]} (PS(OH)) and poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate)] (PMMA(G)) upon cross-linking reaction was studied using time-resolved light scattering (TRLS) and optical microscopy. The blends of PS(OH)/PMMA(G), in which PMMA(G) containing 1.4 mol-% epoxy groups can be selectively cross-linked with the multifunctional agent 4,4'-methylenebis(o-chloroaniline) (MOCA) and PS(OH) contains 1.8 mol-% of the strongly proton-donating group —C(CF3)2OH, exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The cross-linking reaction was carried out for two compositions of PS(OH)/PMMA(G)/MOCA, 50/50/0.7 and 40/60/0.8 (w/w/w), at various temperatures located in the one-phase region between the coexistence curve and the glass transition temperature of the blends. TRLS investigation shows that the phase separation takes place via spinodal decomposition (SD) induced by the increase in the molecular weight of PMMA(G) during the cross-linking reaction. A modulated phase structure with the characteristic features of periodicity and dual connectivity of the phases was developed in this case. The dynamics of SD were investigated in terms of changes of the peak scattering vector qm(t) as a function of time. They are dependent on the reaction temperature and composition. A scaling relation qm(t) ∝ t^–αf(x) describing the behavior of the evolution of phase separation upon reaction was supported by the experiments.

Phase separation during copolymerization of a mixture of methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate/poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (MMA/VAc/EVA) is investigated by time-resolved light scattering (TRLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TRLS investigation shows that a phase separation takes place via spinodal decomposition (SD) when polymerization in a mixture of MMA/VAc/EVA as well as of MMA/EVA proceeds. Scattering profiles with double-peak feature develop in the case of SD induced by copolymerization in MMA/VAc/EVA mixtures, whereas only a single peak occurs in the MMA/EVA copolymerization. Moreover, it is shown that the process of SD during polymerization is different from that in ordinary thermally-induced SD, i. e. qm , the wavenumber q at the peak position of the scattering profile, remains virtually invariant with time. SEM observation show that the unique morphologies are obtained ultimately during SD induced by polymerization in MMA/EVA and MMA/VAc/EVA mixtures. For the polymerized MMA/EVA mixture, PMMA-rich particles with a uniform size and distribution are dispersed in the matrix of an EVA-rich phase, whereas for polymerized MMA/VAc/EVA mixtures, MMA-VAc copolymer rich particles are finely dispersed in an EVA-rich phase as matrix with bimodal distribution of sizes, i. e. uniform small domains and larger domains are obtained simultaneously, which is consistent with the results of the double peak observed in light scattering profiles.

Obstetricians and gynaecologists are among the highest risk specialties for burnout. There is growing evidence that physician burnout can be both prevented and reduced. We sought to characterize the evidence base for interventions related to the prevention and treatment of burnout in obstetrics and gynaecology