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Introduction The United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities identified the Chinese blind massage policy as “reserved employment” in its Concluding Observationsin 2012. In response, this paper reviewed the policy on blind massage in China and discussed its effectiveness and social impact.Methods: Adopting a historical perspective, this paper describes the development stages of the blind massage policy in China. It reveals the social construction process of the blind massage policy. Government data were provided to help analyze the positive and negative effects of the policy according to the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.Results: The blind massage policy is a national strategy involving semi-reserved employment to improve the low employment rate of people with visual impairments in China. It promoted employment of people with visual impairments at the start, but, as the system of the blind massage gradually took shape, it restricted these individuals from choosing a career freely. The blind massage policy has resulted in deep-rooted social prejudices, and it demonstrates disability-based discrimination and charity-oriented practices.Discussion: The Chinese blind massage policy is discriminatory and does not reflect the modern concept of disability rights advocated in the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.Implications for Practitioners: The Chinese government needs to promote institutional reforms to provide better education and employment for people with visual impairments to change the limited content of vocational training and eliminate discriminatory policies.

Catalytic conversion of lignin to versatile aromatic compounds is attracting increasing attention. However, it is highly desirable but challenging to produce a specific chemical with high yield through lignin depolymerization in a one-pot process because of the complex structure of the lignin molecule (mainly composed of H, G, and S units). In this study, a series of metal-based deep eutectic solvents (M-DESs) were prepared and used for the catalytic tailoring of lignin H units to produce value-added methyl p-hydroxycinnamate (MPC). In particular, M-DES ChCl[FeCl3]2showed excellent catalytic performance for the selective production of MPC as the sole product with high yield and selectivity (105.8 mg g–1and 74.1%, respectively). Extensive characterizations using 2D HSQC NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC demonstrated that MPC was obtained from the selective tailoring of p-coumaric acid (pCA) units via the cleavage of ester bonds in lignin. Furthermore, M-DES ChCl[FeCl3]2also exhibited efficiency to other herbaceous lignins, and showed excellent recyclability. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for the valorization of lignin.

Non-stoichiometric Nd(1+x)(Mg1/2Sn1/2)O3(−0.04 = x ≤ 0.04, NMS) ceramics were fabricated via a conventional solid-state reaction method. Crystal structures and morphologies were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The main crystalline phase is monoclinic Nd(Mg1/2Sn1/2)O3with a double perovskite structure (P21/nspace group) for the NMS system proved by XRD. The sample at x = 0.01 has the best crystallinity and evenly distributed crystal grains observed by SEM. The optimum performances (εr = 19.87, Q×f = 41840 GHz, f = 12.05 GHz) are obtained at x = 0.01. Lattice vibrational modes of the Raman spectra were assigned and illustrated, in detail. The dielectric properties obtained by fitting infrared reflectance spectra with the help of four-parameter semi-quantum model are consistent with the calculated values by microscopic polarization and damping coefficients. The reverse translational vibration of the NdMgO6, the F5u(5)mode, provides the greatest contribution to the dielectric response. The relationships between crystal structures and dielectric properties were mainly established using lattice vibrational modes as a media.

In this paper, the related research and analysis are made on the finite-time tracking control of hypersonic aircrafts. Two finite-time anti-saturation integral sliding mode controllers are designed with the consideration of external disturbances, coupling responses, model parameter uncertainties, and input saturation. Firstly, based on the mean value theorem, the control problem with input saturation constraints is transformed into the one without input constraints, which overcomes the assumption of the input boundedness. Secondly, two adaptive finite-time integral sliding mode controllers are designed: the first controller is finite-time stable, while the second controller is practical finite-time stable which utilizes the adaptive algorithms with low-pass filtering properties to ensure the boundedness of adaptive parameters. Finally, the digital simulation is carried out on different types of signals to further verify the validity and robustness of the proposed finite-time anti-saturation controllers.

This paper focuses on finite-time control in the attitude control system of the spacecraft based on the rotation matrix by using homogeneous method. Because the rotation matrix represents the set of attitudes both globally and uniquely, the system can overcome the drawback of unwinding which results in extra fuel consumption. In order to deal with actuator saturations, a finite-time controller is investigated by using the saturation function. Then, based on a novel filter, a finite-time output feedback controller with actuator saturations is designed. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed controllers can make the attitude error converges to zero in finite time. Numerical simulations also demonstrate that the proposed control schemes are effective.

The article discusses development history and art characteristics of Chinese armorial porcelain. It states that Chinese armorial porcelain was an important export of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and best craftsmen and raw materials were used to produce the unique moldings, and mentions that armorial porcelain was first made in Chingtechen and Canton in 1684. It notes that Chinese armorial porcelain has several categories, including clan, Imperial household, and wedding.

AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 (AMPKα2) regulates energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and glucolipid metabolism myocardial cells. Ketone bodies produced by fatty acid β-oxidation, especially β-hydroxybutyrate, are fatty energy–supplying substances for the heart, brain, and other organs during fasting and long-term exercise. They also regulate metabolic signaling for multiple cellular functions. Lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is a β-hydroxybutyrate–mediated protein posttranslational modification. Histone Kbhb has been identified in yeast, mouse, and human cells. However, whether AMPK regulates protein Kbhb is yet unclear. Hence, the present study explored the changes in proteomics and Kbhb modification omics in the hearts of AMPKα2 knockout mice using a comprehensive quantitative proteomic analysis. Based on mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, the number of 1181 Kbhb modified sites in 455 proteins were quantified between AMPKα2 knockout mice and wildtype mice; 244 Kbhb sites in 142 proteins decreased or increased after AMPKα2 knockout (fold change >1.5 or <1/1.5, p< 0.05). The regulation of Kbhb sites in 26 key enzymes of fatty acid degradation and tricarboxylic acid cycle was noted in AMPKα2 knockout mouse cardiomyocytes. These findings, for the first time, identified proteomic features and Kbhb modification of cardiomyocytes after AMPKα2 knockout, suggesting that AMPKα2 regulates energy metabolism by modifying protein Kbhb.

The article presents a novel cluster selection algorithm from the point of the network security. The measure uses Kruskal algorithm to calculate the minimum spanning tree of the topological structure of wireless Ad Hoc networks and builds clustering on it which ensures the cost of communication among cluster nodes that keeps in a relatively low level. The algorithm for the NIDS (network intrusion detection system) of wireless Ad hoc provides a stable and effective support and enhances the survivability of the system. The result of simulation experiment shows that the measure has good performance.

The combined catalysts Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3 and Mn/Ba/Al2O3+Pt/Ba/Al2O3 for NOx storage-reduction were investigated. Mn/Ba/Al2O3 indicated high activity of NO oxidation and NOx storage in the oxidation-storage reaction and certain reduction activity in the storage-reduction reaction. The combination of Pt/Ba/Al2O3 with Mn/Ba/Al2O3 could enhance the activity of NOx storage-reduction under dynamic lean-rich burn conditions. Compared to Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst, although the Pt content decreased half over Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3 and Mn/Ba/Al2O3+Pt/Ba/Al2O3 , the NOx conversion increased 9.4% and 6.3% at 350 °C. The pollutions such as NOx and CO could be eliminated effectively over two combined catalysts with low Pt content under dynamic lean-rich burn conditions.

NiMgAlO catalysts were prepared by two methods: coprecipition and impregnation. They were used to simultaneously adsorb SO2 and NO with O2 in a fixed bed at atmospheric pressure. Typically the molar composition of the feed gas was 1% SO2, 0.2% NO and O2 with ultra-high purity Ar as the diluent. The results showed the catalysts were excellent materials for the simultaneous oxidation adsorption of SO2 and NOx. The two kinds of catalysts were compared for the SO2 and NOx adsorption capacity. The NiMgAlO catalyst prepared by coprecipition had better adsorption than impregnation. When NiMgAlO catalysts with 10 wt-% Ni content were calcined at 550?C, adsorption capacity was the largest at 120?C adsorption temperature: 1.392 mmol SO2 and 0.213 mmol NOx were adsorbed on 1 g catalyst prepared by the coprecipition method. The causes are seen by the XRD, surface area and porous size analysis.

In order to study the shrinkage characteristics of cement paste, environmental scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure shrinkage of cement paste and cement mortar under different humidity. The results showed that : with the relative humidity decreased from 80% to 10%, the shrinkage cracking of paste microstructure appeared in different degree and increased continuously,also the regression analysis showed the relative humidity and shrinkage was conical relationship.

The solid state reaction method, coprecipitation method and citric acid method were employed for the preparation of Cr-Mn mixed-oxide catalysts. Experimental results showed that this catalytic system has good selective catalytic reduction (SCR) properties of NOx by ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen at low temperature (80-220oC). 97.8% conversion of NOx with 100% selectivity of N2 had been achieved on Cr-MnOx mixed oxide prepared by the citric acid method at 120oC with the space velocity of 30,000 h-1. X-ray diffraction, BET were adopted for the characterization of the active phase. The characterization results showed that a new crystal phase CrMn1.5O4 generated in mixed oxides which was the active center of the Cr-Mn catalysts.

Domain ontology can effectively organize the knowledge of that domain and make it easier to share and reuse. We can build domain ontology on thesaurus and thematic words and index document knowledge using domain ontology. Under which this paper designs a semantic retrieval system for the document knowledge based on domain ontology, and the system consists of four main components: ontology query, semantic precomputation for document and the concept similarity, semantic extended search and reasoning search. Finally, this paper makes an experiment on high-speed railway domain. The experimental results show that the developed semantic retrieval system can reach the satisfied recall and precision.

The apparatus measuring apparent density was home-made by the studio; the apparatus, the measuring method and the working principle is introduced in this paper. The distribution of nano-magnetic particles in magnetic lubricating oil was measured by the homemade apparatus preliminarily, and the experimental results can lay a foundation for the research of tribological Performances in magnetic lubricating oil. Applied in the physical experimental teaching field, the apparatus enlarges the students field of visions and enables their creativity developed efficiently.