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To investigate the effects of dietary Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) supplementation on rumen microbiota, protein metabolism, and flavor, 12 three-month-old Sunit lambs were randomly divided into CG group (basal diet) and LG group (basal diet + L. reuteri) for 90 days. Each group of sheep had six replicates. Metagenomics, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), real-time PCR, and electronic nose were used to measure the samples. The results showed that L. reuteri significantly increased muscle aromatic compounds (P < 0.05). In the rumen of the LG group, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Paraprevotella, Fibrobacter, and propionate abundance significantly increased (P < 0.05), with their function enriched in carbohydrate degradation (glycoside hydrolases and glycosyl transferases) based on CAZy analysis. Additionally, L. reuteri enhanced the expression of ZO-1, Occludins, and GPCR43 in the rumen epithelium. The mTOR and eIF4B genes were downregulated, while the TSC1 gene was upregulated in muscle (P < 0.05). Propionate was negatively correlated with g_Selenomona s, g_Schwartzia, mTOR, and eIF4B genes, while positively correlated with aromatic component receptor and TSC1 gene. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with L. reuteri can enhance rumen fermentation, regulate protein degradation, and optimize muscle aromatic compounds. These findings provide new perspectives for improving the quality of captive lambs. [Display omitted] • Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri)was added to the diet of Sunit sheep. • L. reuteri supplementation can increase the levels of aromatic compounds in muscle. • Adding L. reuteri increased the abundance of carbohydrate-degrading bacteria. • L. reuteri demonstrated improvements in protein metabolism in Sunit lambs. • L. reuteri affected protein degradation processes in Sunit lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean proteins and peptides cooperated Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) in various ways to inhibit Escherichia coli (E. coli), but their impact on adhesion to intestinal cells remains unclear. This study investigated the adhesion properties of L. reuteri LR08 and E. coli JCM1649 regulated by soybean proteins and peptides. Digested soybean proteins (dpro) significantly enhanced L. reuter i adhesion and increased surface hydrophobicity more effectively than digested peptides (dpep) during early logarithmic growth. Dpro also improved L. reuteri biofilm formation and auto-aggregation in the stationary phase. Conversely, dpep markedly reduced E. coli adhesion to HT-29 cells, diminishing its biofilm formation and surface properties. The inhibitory effect of dpro on E. coli adhesion was weaker than that of dpep. These results highlight the diverse modulation of L. reuteri and E. coli adhesion by dpep and dpro, providing a theoretical basis for the use of probiotics to alleviate foodborne intestinal infections. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work evaluated the potential of natural antimicrobial compounds to prevent histamine formation by inhibiting the microbial growth of Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, bacteria selected for their ability to produce histamine in cheese. Of the evaluated compounds, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol and cinnamaldehyde were the most effective in inhibiting histamine-forming lactic acid bacteria and, therefore, in reducing histamine generation, even at concentrations below the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Carvacrol significantly impacted both microbial viability and the metabolism of bacteria with the inhibition of decarboxylase activity. In the case of L. parabuchneri , the use of 0.7 mg/mL carvacrol (MBC/2) resulted in an 88% reduction in histamine content, and for L. reuteri a 96% reduction was observed by using 0.65 mg/(MBC/2). Therefore, using essential oil components during food processing and preservation would be a good strategy to prevent histamine accumulating in cheese and to, consequently, mitigate its adverse effects. [Display omitted] • Natural antimicrobials' ability to inhibit histamine-forming bacteria was proven • The tested compounds reduced histamine formation at concentrations below the MBC • Carvacrol profoundly affected both microbial viability and bacteria metabolism • Essential oils compounds can be employed to prevent histamine formation in cheese [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synergistic effect in the co-culture of Lactobacillus and algae. • Algal extracts do not affect the growth of L. plantarum and L. reuteri. • Co-culture's bioactive properties (antioxidant and antimicrobial) increase. • A. nodosum and L. calcareum can be considered valid prebiotics for Lactobacilli. Functional ingredients became essential for sustainable development to improve health status, prevent disease, and reduce the use of medication. This study aimed to determine the potential prebiotic role of Ascophyllum nodosum and Lithothamnium calcareum using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri as microorganism models. Key bioactive compounds of algae were identified using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. The influence of algae inclusion on the growth of Lactobacilli strains was evaluated. Functional activities of the co-culture were evaluated after 24, 48, 72, and 96 incubation hours. Antioxidant capacity (by ABTS assay) increased for both Lactobacilli cultures, with a PI% increase of 30 % for L. plantarum (p < 0.01) and a PI% increase of 25 % for L. reuteri (p < 0.01). Algal extracts significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) E. coli growth after 48 hrs for L. plantarum and after 72 hrs for L. reuteri. The results suggested that A. nodosum and L. calcareum can be considered valid prebiotics for both strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a resident probiotic in the intestines of animals with strong environmental adaptability. In the current study, to elucidate the adaptation strategies of L. reuteri to the intestine of mice supplemented with three dietary components (oil, peptide and cellulose), whole genome resequencing and determination of intracellular metabolites were carried out. The resequencing results showed that L. reuteri TO60 (LR-TO) from the intestines of mice supplemented with high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) tuna oil, or fermented Benincasa hispida culture (L. reuteri FB151, abbreviated as LR-FB) had relatively consistent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (InDels), and those of L. reuteri from the intestines of mice supplemented with Rhopilema esculentum polypeptides (L. reuteri RE225, abbreviated as LR-RE) were quite different from them. The KEGG functional annotation of resequencing and the intracellular metabolites suggested that in all of the L. reuteri adapted to the intestinal environment mainly by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and membrane transport metabolic pathways. However, there were still some differences in their genes and metabolites, which may be related to the changes in the intestinal environment caused by three different types of dietary interventions. Our study analyzed the adaptation mechanism of L. reuteri to different isolated sources at the genetic level and metabolic level, which is helpful to clarify the adaptation strategies of probiotics to the intestinal environment, and provide supplementary information for the use of dietary nutritional supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammalian microbiome encodes numerous secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters; yet, their role in microbe-microbe interactions is unclear. Here, we characterized two polyketide synthase gene clusters (fun and pks) in the gut symbiont Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The pks , but not the fun , cluster encodes antimicrobial activity. Forty-one of 51 L. reuteri strains tested are sensitive to Pks products; this finding was independent of strains' host origin. Sensitivity to Pks was also established in intraspecies competition experiments in gnotobiotic mice. Comparative genome analyses between Pks-resistant and -sensitive strains identified an acyltransferase gene (act) unique to Pks-resistant strains. Subsequent cell-wall analysis of wild-type and act mutant strains showed that Act acetylates cell-wall components, providing resistance to Pks-mediated killing. Additionally, pks mutants lost their competitive advantage, while act mutants lost their Pks resistance in in vivo competition assays. These findings provide insight into how closely related gut symbionts can compete and co-exist in the gastrointestinal tract. [Display omitted] • Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains produce an antimicrobial polyketide (Pks) • Pks provides a competitive advantage in the gastrointestinal tract • Strains resistant to Pks-mediated killing encode a conserved acyltransferase (Act) • Act acetylates the L. reuteri cell wall to yield resistance to Pks-mediated killing Özçam et al. show that L. reuteri strains encode an antimicrobial polyketide (Pks), which provides a competitive advantage in the gut. Select strains that can co-exist with L. reuteri encode a conserved acyltransferase (Act), which acetylates cell-wall components. Wild type, but not Δ pks , outcompetes act mutants in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]