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This study thoroughly explored the origin of coal production capacity using simultaneous equation model (SEM) with 2006–2014 data sample. Scenario analysis, including market regulation scenario (MRS), central policy strengthening scenario (CPE), and two-level government policy strengthening scenario (TPE), was also conducted to determine the degree of influence on resolving overcapacity considering construction industry development, policy control, forecasted coal production capacity, and future supply and demand changes. Results show that (1) construction industry development plays a significant and sustained role in the advancement of four major coal-consuming industries. (2) Construction industry development, coal prices, industrial policy, and natural resources positively affect capacity investments in coal production. (3) The policies put forward by the central government inhibiting capacity investments exert greater effect than those promoting capacity investments. (4) The central and local governments make production policies based on their independent interests has minimal success. And the effect of refinement policies by local governments is generally better than that of those by the central government. (5) Under MRS, CPE, and TPE, the coal production capacity (CPC) will reach 5.399, 5.044, and 4.952 billion tons, respectively, by 2020; the coal supply will reach 4.304, 4.174, and 4.139 billion tons, respectively, by 2020. The coal demand will reach 4.03 billion tons by 2020. By 2020, coal supply is projected to be at least 109 million tons greater than coal demand. From industrial restructuring and upgrading to refining and implementing capacity policies are suggested along with the market-oriented reform of the supply side of coal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the key drivers of China's carbon dioxide emissions, this study combines the structural decomposition analysis method and the input-output subsystem analysis method to construct a decomposition model of the factors influencing the amount of change of the carbon dioxide emissions in China. From the perspective of final demand, this decomposition model (own internal component, feed-back component, spillover component, scale component) is used to analyze the amount of change of China's carbon dioxide emissions in the two periods of 2012–2017 and 2017–2018. Four scenarios are set up to predict the carbon dioxide emissions of China before 2035. The results show that in 2012, 2017 and 2018, the carbon dioxide emissions generated by final demand were respectively 9,018,810, 8,715,226, and 8,803,201 kt, of which the spillover component accounted for the largest share, namely 85.5%, 85.6% and 84.7% respectively. This indicates that the increase of carbon dioxide emissions in China is due to intersectoral pulling effects, and the activities of the Construction sector have had pulling effects on the carbon dioxide emissions of other sectors to a greater extent. The energy intensity effect is the significant influencing factor that inhibits carbon dioxide emissions and economic development is the main driver of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions; this implies that changing the current energy structure is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The technical progress scenario (QN) and the energy structure optimization scenario (GN) are predicted to achieve the carbon peak in 2025 and 2030, respectively. [Display omitted] • Total carbon emissions generated by final demand are decomposed into four subsystems, with a structural decomposition. • The spillover components account for the largest proportion of carbon emissions. • Construction industry has pulled the carbon emissions of other sectors to a greater extent. • Under GN and QG scenarios, it is expected to achieve carbon peak in 2025 and 2030 respectively. • Technical improvements are effective in most sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling coal-burning industrial boiler is becoming one of the key programs to solve the environmental problem in China. Assessing the economics of various options to address coal-fired boiler is essential to identify cost-effective solutions. This paper discusses our work in conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis on various types of improvement measures ranging from energy efficiency retrofits to switch from coal to other fuels in China. Sensitivity analysis was also performed in order to understand the impacts of some economic factors such as discount rate and energy price on the economics of boiler improvement options. The results show that nine out of 14 solutions are cost-effective, and a lower discount rate and higher energy price will result in more energy efficiency measures being cost-effective. Both monetary and non-monetary barriers to energy-efficiency improvement are discussed and policies to tackle these barriers are recommended. Our research aims at providing a methodology to assess cost-effective solutions to boiler problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling coal-burning industrial boiler is becoming one of the key programs to solve the environmental problem in China. Assessing the economics of various options to address coal-fired boiler is essential to identify cost-effective solutions. This paper discusses our work in conducting a cost-effectiveness analysis on various types of improvement measures ranging from energy efficiency retrofits to switch from coal to other fuels in China. Sensitivity analysis was also performed in order to understand the impacts of some economic factors such as discount rate and energy price on the economics of boiler improvement options. The results show that nine out of 14 solutions are cost-effective, and a lower discount rate and higher energy price will result in more energy efficiency measures being cost-effective. Both monetary and non-monetary barriers to energy-efficiency improvement are discussed and policies to tackle these barriers are recommended. Our research aims at providing a methodology to assess cost-effective solutions to boiler problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the transportation industry is one of the leading fields that generate the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions. While undergoing rapid development, countries worldwide aim to solve the problems involved in high energy consumption. Taking China as an example, this paper studies the main factors of carbon emissions in the transport sector and analyses the decoupling states between carbon emission and economic growth, making energy efficiency policies accordingly. In order to better demonstrate the dependence of the economy on the carbon emissions in China's transportation industry comprehensively, combined with the C D production function, this paper develops the decomposition and decoupling technology based on the LMDI approach. Additionally, it quantifies seven effects: energy emission intensity effect, energy structure effect, energy intensity effect, transportation intensity effect, technology state effect, labor input effect and capital input effect. The results show three major points: (1) From 2001 to 2018, the cumulative carbon emissions of China's transportation industry increased by 633.46 million tons, in which the capital input effect is the key factor driving carbon emissions, accounting for 157.70% of the total cumulative increased emissions, followed by energy structure effect at 10.39%. The labor input effect accounted for the smallest proportion at 2.26%. In this case, the technology state effect is the primary factor in restraining carbon emissions. During the study period, it reduced carbon emissions by 292.27 million tons, accounting for 46.14%. To a certain extent, energy intensity effect, transportation intensity effect and energy emission intensity inhibited carbon emissions, representing 16.67%, 5.32% and 2.22%, respectively. (2) During the research period, two decoupling states existed between carbon emissions and economic growth in China's transportation industry, specifically weak decoupling and expansive coupling. (3) The analysis of decomposition and decoupling state of influencing factors of carbon emissions shows that, on the one hand, factors promoting carbon emissions (capital input effect, energy structure effect and labor input effect) hinder the decoupling process. On the other hand, factors restraining carbon emissions (technology state effect, transportation intensity effect, energy intensity effect and energy emission intensity effect) accelerate the decoupling process. The research findings provide a new perspective for achieving carbon emission reduction in the transportation industry and curbing energy consumption growth. [Display omitted] • Develop the carbon emissions decomposition framework in transportation industry. • The framework is composed of LMDI decomposition model and C-D production function. • Fixed asset investment is the main factor influencing carbon emissions in China. • Optimizing capital use and labor efficiency are the keys to reduce carbon emissions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Making consumers understand express packaging as a person (rather than a non-human item) will increase consumers' empathy and affect consumers' recycling willingness. • Anthropomorphism not only affects consumers' purchasing willingness and willingness to pay, but also has a significant impact on consumers' recycling willingness. • Psychological ownership can be used as a good boundary condition to moderate the relationship between anthropomorphic design and empathy. The change of consumers' shopping mode has caused massive express packaging waste, which results in resource waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, the recycling of express packaging has become an important environmental protection requirements as well as social issue and it requires an urgent solution. At the same time, the impact of anthropomorphism on consumer behavior is increasingly prominent. Built on the "A Three-Factor Theory of Anthropomorphism" and the "Theory of Perspective-Taking", this article established a psychological dynamic theoretical model about the effect of anthropomorphic design on consumers' recycling willingness. Through four experiments, variance analysis and regression analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) Anthropomorphic design has a significant positive impact on the consumers' express packaging recycling willingness, and empathy plays a mediating effect between them. (2) Compared with anthropomorphic language design, anthropomorphic shape design has a more significant impact on consumers' express packaging recycling willingness. (3) High psychological ownership has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between anthropomorphic design and empathy, i.e., the higher the consumer's psychological ownership, the stronger the mediating effect of empathy. Low psychological ownership has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between anthropomorphic design and empathy. Therefore, consumers' willingness to recycle express packaging can be promoted by improving their psychological ownership and the anthropomorphic design of express packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]