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AbstractBased on the unified yield surface SFG model and combined with the unified hardening parameters, the elastoplastic constitutive model of unsaturated soil is derived. The model is capable of describing the stress–-strain characteristics of over-consolidated unsaturated soils in terms of softening and shear expansion. The model can be degraded to a uniform yield surface SFG model under normal consolidation. The theoretical values of the model were calculated by MAPLE and compared with the experimental results, and the results show that the model can simulate the relevant properties of over-consolidated unsaturated soils better. Using PFC3D to simulate unsaturated triaxial tests, the process of unsaturated soil triaxial experiments was simulated by introducing gas particles and differentiating between the effective stress of the soil and the matric suction, and it was concluded that with higher matric suction, the contact force chains between particles in the specimen become more frequent and it is more difficult to form shear zones.

ABSTRACTFor radar network, each radar can obtain the two-dimensional (2D) inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image from the corresponding observation angle independently. Taking advantage of the multi-view observation via radar network and the projection relationship in ISAR imaging, the three-dimensional (3D) image of the target can be reconstructed by the inverse-projection principle. However, it is hard to reconstruct the scattering position and coefficient simultaneously, and the network optimization should be studied to improve the reconstruction performance. To solve these problems, a novel 3D scattering image reconstruction method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the 3D reconstruction model is built as a compressed sensing (CS) framework. Then, the network optimization for single target is transformed into the measurement matrix optimization before the 3D scattering recovery. Finally, numerical simulations under the noise scenarios and the principle prototype experiment on real data are shown to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

ABSTRACTA three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction method for the spinning target based on the radar network is proposed in this letter and the design concept is sourced from the similarity of the two-dimensional (2D) imaging result with the target’s mapping on the imaging plane. The proposed method has the capacity to generate 3D image of the spinning target by reconstructing the scattering distribution in 3D Cartesian space. Firstly, the inverse Radon transform is applied to obtain the imaging result of the spinning target and the mapping formulas for mapping the air points onto the 2D image plane are derived. In addition, the radar network 3D image reconstruction model for the spinning target is constructed and the corresponding algorithm for solving the reconstruction model is proposed. Finally, some experiment results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

To compare the diagnostic yield and safety of 22G endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) in the diagnosis of pancreatic solid lesions. Between April 2014 and September 2015, 36 patients with pancreatic solid lesions were included for endoscopic ultrasound test. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: EUS-FNA (n= 18) and EUS-FNB (n= 18). Each nidus was punctured three times (15 ~ 20 insertions for each puncture) with a 22G needle. The core specimens were analyzed, and the diagnostic yields of FNA and FNB were evaluated. The procedure success rate was 100% with no complications. Cytological and histological examinations found that the diagnostic yield of FNB and FNA were both 83.3%. To get a definitive diagnosis, FNB needed fewer punctures than FNA (1.11 vs. 1.83; P<  0.05). 22G EUS-FNB is a safe and effective way to diagnose pancreatic solid lesions. FNB required a lower number of needle passes to achieve a diagnosis compared with FNA.

Worldwide, cervix carcinoma is among the most dangerous cancer types, and novel therapies are under development. Cancer treatments are often hampered because of lack of specificity. The chicken anemia virus-derived apoptin induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and leaves normal cells unharmed. Here, we have carried out in-vitro and in-vivo studies on the cytotoxic effect of apoptin in a cervix carcinoma model. Apoptin was fused to the protein transduction domain 4 (PTD4), enabling delivery of the fusion protein across cellular membranes. PTD4-apoptin protein is located in the nuclei of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and in the cytoplasm of normal cells L02. By MTT and flow cytometry analysis, we have proven that PTD4-apoptin protein induced apoptosis in the cervical carcinoma cells. PTD4-apoptin enhanced the level of active executioner caspase-3. Neither caspase-3 activation nor apoptin-induced accumulation of the mitochondrial outer-membrane protein Mfn-2 was affected by ectopic Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, apoptin-mediated AKT activation was inhibited by Bcl-2. In vivo, cervix carcinoma xenografts were treated for 7 days with PTD4-apoptin protein. The PTD4-apoptin treatment induced a decrease in the cervix carcinoma, whereas the PTD4-GFP protein-treated controls expanded significantly. TUNEL analysis showed that PTD4-apoptin protein induced apoptosis in cervix carcinoma cells, in contrast to the control PTD-GFP-treated ones. Our results indicate that apoptin is a potential anticancer agent for treating cervix carcinoma.

Most high-speed rail stations are generally built in the periphery of the city. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to build new transit routes to meet the traffic demand in the emerging city unit around the high-speed rail stations. This paper formulates a model based on genetic algorithms (GA) to design transit route considering various evaluation standards. Numerical example is set up to illustrate the model and algorithm.

Tumor hypoxia underlies treatment failure and yields more aggressive and metastatic cancer phenotypes. Although therapeutically targeting these hypoxic environments has been proposed for many years, to date no approaches have shown the therapeutic value to gain regulatory approval. Here, we demonstrated that a novel hypoxia-activated prodrug, Q6, exhibits potent antiproliferative efficacy under hypoxic conditions and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in 2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, with no obvious toxicity being detected in 2 normal liver cell lines. Treatment with Q6 markedly downregulated HIF1A [hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)] expression and transcription of the downstream target gene, VEGFA(vascular endothelial growth factor A). This dual hypoxia-targeted modulation mechanism leads to high potency in suppressing tumor growth and vascularization in 2 in vivo models. Intriguingly, it is the autophagy-dependent degradation pathway that plays a crucial role in Q6-induced attenuation of HIF1A expression, rather than the proteasome-dependent pathway, which is normally regarded as the predominant mechanism underlying posttranslational regulation of HIF1A. Inhibition of autophagy, either by short interfering RNA (siRNA) or by chemical inhibitors, blocked Q6-induced HIF1A degradation. Autophagic degradation of HIF1A was further confirmed by the observation that HIF1A coimmunoprecipitated with the ubiquitin-binding adaptor protein, SQSTM1, which is degraded through autophagy. Additionally, silencing of SQSTM1inhibited Q6-induced HIF1A degradation. These findings suggest that the novel hypoxia-targeted agent, Q6, has potential clinical value in the therapy of HCC. Furthermore, the identification of autophagy as a crucial regulator of HIF1A provides new insights into hypoxia-related treatments.

Bank slope seepage field is analyzed by saturated-unsaturated seepage theory under the three times cycle conditions of water level rising and drawdown . The pore water pressure distribution laws of the water level rising period, the stabilization period, the period of decline and decline stable period for every cycle are researched. The result shows soil near slope region is saturated easily after many rounds of water level rising and drawdown, and saturation region gradually increases. Soil phreatic line near slope falls fastly in the drawdown period, away from the slope, phreatic line declines slowly.

The reaction process between Ti2AlC and Ag-Cu filler alloy was mentioned in our previous study. However, the reaction mechanism between Ti2AlC and filler alloy remained uncertain due to the existence of TiAl2, which was widely distributed in the dual-phase Ti2AlC substrate and exhibited intense reaction with Cu. In current research, pure-phase Ti2AlC was brazed to Cu using Ag-Cu filler alloy respectively at 850°C and 900°C for 10 min. First of all, to investigate the influence of TiAl2 on clarifying the reaction mechanism, Ti2AlC substrates with different component (single phase and dual phase) were joined to Cu at 850°C for comparison. However, in these joints, it was difficult to find any other reactant except for AlCu2Ti. Thus, the pure-phase Ti2AlC was brazed to Cu at 900°C, aiming to intensify the interaction between substrates and filler alloy. For characterizing the microstructure evolution in the joint, the typical region of the joint that contained all the reactants was selected and sliced by focused ion beam technology. Combining with transmission electron microscopy, all the decomposition products (e.g. Ti3AlC2 and TiC) in the joint were identified. Then the decomposition mechanism of Ti2AlC was clearly disclosed.

Morphology and characteristics of bubbles have an important effect on engineering applications of gas-liquid two-phase flow. To accurately describe the bubble characteristics, the bubble image processing system based on ARM9 is designed. System hardware is constructed with S3C2440 as the core. QT/Embedded and Qtopia are transplanted to the embedded platform, and the image processing application is developed using QT/Embedded, realizing a good human-computer interaction. According to the characteristics of bubble image, image processing algorithms are presented. The System has low power consumption, small size, and a good real-time performance and scalability.

Computing with words is a methodology in which concepts, linguistic values or words, instead of numbers for computing and reasoning. Cloud model is a novel cognitive model for uncertain transformation between linguistic concepts and quantitative values. It should go without saying that computing with words based on cloud model is an important research study direction. After the algebra operations rule of cloud model is introduced, this paper presents a simple statistical algorithm to solve the computational problem of algebra operations for cloud model. Then, it proves that the statistical algorithm could reach any given precision level as long as cloud drops increase. Finally, we analyze the character of the statistical algorithm and the relationship with the operations rule for cloud model.

The residual stress of H-beam brought on roller straightening is very influential on carrying capacity of H-beam. It is not perfect to appraise the straightening effect only by residual curvature traditionally. In this paper, based on elastic-plastic theory, elastic core height of section and residual stress of H-beam on roller straightening are studied. Correlative formulae are deduced. Examples and simulation results show that the formulae are correct. The conclusions of this paper are important for the establishment of straightening technological parameters.

Packing pressure directly influences quality of the plastic part. It is an important stage of plastic injection molding. This paper introduces the packing process.CAE software Moldflow provided the possibility to simulate the flow process of the plastic air intake manifold at different pressure and to predict the position of air traps. Packing pressure is determined by comparing analysis results and avoided mold adjustment and mold repairing. Analytic result shows that packing pressure at 70MPa can make the maximum injection pressure, melt flow rate, the required maximum clamp force smaller. And at that time, The air traps situation is also better. Practice proves that it is perfect of the finished sample of the plastic air intake manifold on basis of simulation.

In order to acquire the best filling time, Mold trial is made by setting different injection time, or Moldflow software is used to analysis data recorded by computer. Whether doing successive trials or being simulated point by point, is very tedious. Put forward a method of using the Lagrange to simulate a curve based on the mold flow analysis, the minimum of the curve is the best filling time. This method can gain the best filling time as quickly as possible, and improve the efficiency of the mold flow analysis.

It is very difficult to analysis three-dimensional model of composite foundation because there are many unit numbers if piles, soil and plate unit are divided separately. three-dimensional problem is made into the axisymmetric finite element model and numerical analysis is more convenient as the periphery piles of the group piles into the pile system " equivalent ring " . Eamples shows the conclusion is reasonable and the simplified model is feasible.

Concrete is a sort of inhomogeneous and discontinuous diverse mixture, it has very complicated interior structure and working mechanism[1,2]. But the research about concrete constitutive relation and strength theory was based on the condition of concrete continuity. The law for microcosmic deform during concrete destroy was little considered[3]. Mechanism of shearing failure was researched through concrete sample’s experiment to explored interior microcosmic disharmony and the law of limiting strength release in this paper. Shearing experiments of concrete show shearing displacements of various local district in shearing surface during shearing have apparent discrepancy from beginning to end. This discrepancy leads to destroy of shearing surface from one local to another local and brings course of shearing limiting strength release discontinuous, one-off and non-instantaneous.

Malignant tumors remain a significant health threat, with death often occurring as a result of metastasis. Cell adhesion is a crucial step in the metastatic cascade of tumor cells, and interruption of this step is considered to be a logical strategy for prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis. Celastrol [3-hydroxy-24-nor-2-oxo-1(10),3,5,7-friedelatetraen-29-oic acid], a quinone methide triterpene from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, possesses antitumor activities, whereas the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. Here, we found that celastrol inhibited cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion of human lung cancer 95-D and mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. This inhibition was achieved through suppressing beta1 integrin ligand affinity and focal adhesion formation, accompanied by the reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In understanding the underlying mechanisms, we found that celastrol activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by phosphorylation before the decrement of phosphorylated FAK and that this action was independent of the presence of fibronectin. Using 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB203580), a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, the effects of celastrol on beta1 integrin function, cell-ECM adhesion, and phosphorylation of FAK were partially attenuated. In addition, focal adhesion-dependent cell migration and invasion were both inhibited by treatment with celastrol. Finally, the antimetastatic activity of celastrol was examined in vivo using the B16F10-green fluorescent protein-injected C57BL/6 mouse model, as indicated by decreased pulmonary metastases in celastrol-administrated mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that celastrol exerts potent antimetastatic activity both in vitro and in vivo, and they provide new evidence for the critical roles of p38 MAPK in the regulation of integrin function and cell adhesion.

C18H21ClN2O3S, monoclinic, P21/c, a= 12.582(4) Å, b= 14.790(5) Å, c= 21.406(8) Å, β= 92.572(13)°, V= 3979(2) Å3, Z= 8, Rgt(F)= 0.0464, wRref(F2)= 0.1298, T= 298(2) K.

The objective of this investigation was to develop a test methodology to assess the fatigue performance of cold patch asphalt mixtures, potentially usable in the field as a quality control method.The methodology was developed by identifying the relationships between the parameters from a Laboratory Fatigue Test (IDT,according to ASTM D4123 ), and the penetration rate (NPR) from a lighter version of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) at various densification levels. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was used to develop equations to estimate number of load cycles to fatigue, and critical tensile strain. The fatigue equations were satisfactorily validated after comparing the measure stability parameters from two mixtures not used in the regression analysis. Cross-validation using SPSS procedure was also implemented.

C40H60Br2N4NiO8, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a= 8.546(7) Å, b= 10.162(7) Å, c= 13.831(13) Å, α= 92.943(9)°, β= 101.096(8)°, γ= 111.710(5)°, V= 1085.1(15) Å3, Z= 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0317, wRref(F2) = 0.0905, T= 296(2) K.

C42H65Br2N4NiO8.5, monoclinic, P21/c(no. 14), a= 14.852(2) Å, b= 12.1965(18) Å, c= 14.166(2) Å, β= 117.755(1)°, V= 2270.8(6) Å3, Z= 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0449, wRref(F2) = 0.1276, T= 296(2) K.

Objective Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by bright blue eyes, hearing loss, and depigmented patches of hair and skin. It exhibits high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. We explored the molecular etiology in a Chinese family with WS2.Methods We recruited a three-generation family with three affected members. Medical history was obtained from all family members who underwent detailed physical examinations and audiology tests. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of each individual, and 139 candidate genes associated with hearing loss were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and verified by Sanger sequencing.Results Genetic evaluation revealed a novel nonsense heterozygous variant, NM_006941.4: c.342G>A (p.Trp114Ter) in exon 2 of the SOX10gene in the three affected patients; no unaffected family member carried the variation. We did not detect the variation in 500 Chinese individuals with normal hearing or in 122 unrelated Chinese families with hearing loss, suggesting that it was specific to our patients.Conclusions We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense variation in a family with syndromic hearing loss and WS2. Our findings expand the pathogenic spectrum and strengthen the clinical diagnostic role of SOX10in patients with WS2.

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