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In order to clarify the mechanism of particle size distribution in DLP printing process of HA ceramics, five groups of HA slurries with different particle size distributions were prepared, and the effect of particle size distribution on the performance of HA slurry and printed HA samples was systematically studied. The results demonstrated that increasing the content of nano HA powder enhances the stability of the HA slurry. However, this also led to an increase in excess curing width due to intensified scattering during the curing process. In terms of the performance of the sintered samples, due to the higher sintering activity of nano powder, the increase of nano HA content from 0 % to 40 % promoted the linear shrinkage of the sample size in the x, y, and z directions, and increased the density of the sintered parts by 13.25 %, the compressive strength by 21.36 %, and the flexural strength by 81.14 %.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an important representative fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been frequently detected in water sources, thus threatening aquatic organisms and human health. In this work, a porous three‐component covalent organic polymer (SLEL‐6) was synthesized through multi‐component (MC) reaction systems for adsorptive removal of CIP from aqueous solution, followed by an encapsulation process to achieve SLEL‐6/sodium alginate (SA) beads with boosted adsorption ability, reusability and recyclability. By virtue of the hierarchical porous natures, functional groups as well as π‐rich skeletons, SLEL‐6 and SLEL‐6/SA beads could deal with CIP contamination effectively. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of CIP by SLEL‐6 and SLEL‐6/SA beads follow the Langmuir model showing high theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of 57.47 and 163.93 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the plausible mechanisms are proposed according to experimental studies of influencing factors, coupled with characterizations before and after adsorption. This work therefore highlighting the immense potential of COP‐based SA composite beads as new‐type globular adsorbents for eliminating fluoroquinolones from aqueous solution.

Objective.Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is characterized by refractory seizures, developmental delay or intellectual disability, which may be caused by gene mutation. In this study, we explored the clinical phenotype and long‐term outcome in children with genetic early‐infantile‐onset DEEs. Methods.Next‐generation sequencing was performed on 470 patients diagnosed with early‐infantile‐onset DEE between 2010 and 2020. The genetic variation in all cases was classified and evaluated to identify pathogenic variants. The identified variants were further verified by Sanger sequencing. Results.A total of 118 and 10 patients were found to have putative disease‐causing gene mutations and copy number variations, respectively. SCN1Amutations were detected in 38 patients (38/118, 32.2%), representing the largest proportion. In patients with early‐infantile‐onset DEE with burst suppression, KCNQ2mutation was found in six patients, and the remaining mutations were reported in SCN2A(n=2) and STXBP1(n=1). Seven patients with dyskinesia were described. In patients with non‐syndromic genetic early‐infantile‐onset DEEs, we detected possible rare pathogenic variants in SETBP1, DPYD, CSNK2B, and H3F3A.With regards to inheritance pattern, de novoheterozygous mutations accounted for the majority (104/118; 88.1%). Three patients with SMC1Amutations responded well to ketogenic diet add‐on therapy. Addition of valproic acid showed good therapeutic effects against KCNB1and PACS2encephalopathy. Significance.We detected four possible rare pathogenic gene variants as non‐syndromic genetic causes of early‐infantile‐onset DEEs. Although early‐infantile‐onset DEEs responded poorly to antiseizure medication treatment, we found that specific antiseizure medications showed good therapeutic effects in some patients with early‐infantile‐onset DEEs harbouring gene variants.

Objective. To determine the efficacy of ketogenic diet (KD) therapy on adrenocorticotropic hormone‐ (ACTH) or corticosteroid‐resistant infantile spasm (IS), and identify relevant associated factors. Methods. A prospective controlled study was undertaken at 10 tertiary children's medical centres in mainland China. Participants were non‐randomly assigned to KD therapy or control (adjustment of antiepileptic drugs). The primary outcome was the reduction in spasms and remission of hypsarrhythmia at the 16thweek, divided into Grade I (spasm‐free for at least one week with hypsarrhythmia remission), Grade II (≥50% spasm reduction and/or hypsarrhythmia remission) and Grade III (<50% spasm reduction with hypsarrhythmia). Results. In total, 227 patients were recruited and assigned to the KD (135 patients) and control (92 patients) groups. The efficacy in the KD group was superior to that in the control group (Grade I: 13.4% vs. 10.9%; Grade II: 40.7% vs. 20.7%, p=0.025). Patients with a ketogenic ratio <3:1 had a higher rate of Grade I than those with ketogenic ratio ≥3:1 (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p=0.037). No significant correlation was found between the efficacy of KD and level of serum ketosis, aetiology of IS, or age. Significance. The efficacy of KD therapy was superior to adjustment of oral antiepileptic drugs in children with ACTH‐ or corticosteroid‐resistant infantile spasms.

Aim:To evaluate the potential association of the genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1and OPRD1genes with methadone dosage requirement among Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients. Materials & methods:Eight SNPs in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1and OPRD1genes were selected and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform among 257 methadone maintenance treatment patients. The required information about stable methadone dose, urine analysis for opioid and socio-demographic characteristics was collected. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method was performed to analyze the SNP–SNP interaction. Results:We found that patients carrying the rs529520TG genotype of OPRD1probably required higher methadone treatment dosage. A 3-locus SNP–SNP interaction pattern (rs1128503 in ABCB1, rs529520 in OPRD1and rs1045280 in ARRB2) was significantly associated with the methadone dosage requirement (p = 0.029). Conclusion:Our results suggested that specific OPRD1variants and interaction among polymorphisms in ABCB1, OPRD1and ARRB2genes contributes to methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.

The polyurea elastomer (PUA) powder modifier was prepared by the method of spraying–initial crushing–fine grinding, and then, the PUA-modified asphalt was produced. The typical functional structure of PUA was identified and characterized. The apparent viscosity of PUA-modified asphalt was tested at different temperatures. The impact of particle size and content of PUA on creep and recovery properties of asphalt at high temperature was investigated through the multiple stress creep recovery test. The mesothermal fatigue behavior of PUA-modified asphalt was evaluated by means of time sweep and linear amplitude sweep. Results indicated that the high elastic properties of PUA materials might depend on the spherical structure inside PUA material. The diameter of functional structure was around 20 µm and presented as 3D ball structure. The increase in PUA particle size would lead to the increase in cracks and folds in the bonding surface PUA modifier could improve by about 50% of the apparent viscosity significantly. Furthermore, PUA modifier could promote the high-temperature rutting resistance and middle-temperature fatigue property of asphalt. The improving effect on R could reach almost 28% and the 0.075 mm could be the best application size of PUA.

For the UV-curable hydroxyapatite (HA) slurry used in digital light processing (DLP), the optimal dispersant concentration is always selected based on the viscosity and stability of the slurry. However, the interaction mechanism between the dispersant and HA particles and its influence on the fabrication process were overlooked. In this study, the dispersion mechanism of BYK111 and its effects on the rheology, stability, and curing behavior of the HA slurry, as well as the linear shrinkage and layer morphology of the HA scaffold, were systematically investigated. The results indicated that changes in viscosity and stability affected the penetration of UV light and the propagation rate of the polymerization reaction. Insufficient dispersion of the slurry (3 wt% BYK111) led to reduced printing precision due to high viscosity, settling, and scattering. Interestingly, the lower viscosity and enhanced stability of HA slurry with 4 wt% BYK111 did not yield both the deepest curing depth and narrowest excess curing width. The high curing accuracy of the HA slurry (4 wt% BYK111) was evidenced by the largest broadening depth. Moreover, the improved slurry performance also helped reduce printing defects and improve surface quality.

The treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy remains a major challenge, affecting approximately 30% of epilepsy patients. More recently, immunity and inflammation are considered to be key elements of epilepsy. Targeting brain inflammation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for epilepsy and refractory epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the association of a tag SNP of the CCL2gene, rs1024611 (originally designated as −2578G>A or −2518G>A) with drug-resistant epilepsy in Chinese children with epilepsy. We enrolled 484 epilepsy patients, including 98 drug-resistant patients and 386 drug-responsive patients. The rs1024611 was genotyped by PCR-RPLP. The rs1024611 AA genotype was associated with a greater susceptibility to drug-resistant epilepsy (p=0.008; OR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.33–4.72), adjusted for age, sex, and seizure type, and the association remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate that the CCL2genetic polymorphism is associated with drug-resistant epilepsy in Chinese paediatric patients.

The treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy remains a major challenge, affecting approximately 30% of epilepsy patients. More recently, immunity and inflammation are considered to be key elements of epilepsy. Targeting brain inflammation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for epilepsy and refractory epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the association of a tag SNP of the CCL2gene, rs1024611 (originally designated as ‐2578G>A or ‐2518G>A) with drug‐resistant epilepsy in Chinese children with epilepsy. We enrolled 484 epilepsy patients, including 98 drug‐resistant patients and 386 drug‐responsive patients. The rs1024611 was genotyped by PCR‐RPLP. The rs1024611 AA genotype was associated with a greater susceptibility to drug‐resistant epilepsy (p=0.008; OR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.33‐4.72), adjusted for age, sex, and seizure type, and the association remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate that the CCL2genetic polymorphism is associated with drug‐resistant epilepsy in Chinese paediatric patients.

Abstract: α-Co(OH)2 with three-dimensional (3-D) structures was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. It was found that the amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the pH value, and the reaction time all had an important influence on the formation of this morphology. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. A possible mechanism of the formation of the 3-D microstructures of β-Co(OH)2 was proposed.