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An experimental procedure for investigating transient bubble flow for an adiabatic air/water system with vertical upward flow in a pipe is presented. The results of the measured local transient two‐phase flow parameters are shown along a pipe length of approx. four meters. From the measured radial phase distributions under steady and under transient conditions one can draw conclusions about the interfacial forces. Here, the effects indicate the action of forces such as a transverse lift force and a time dependent force like the virtual mass force during the transient. For modelling the transverse lift force which seems to play a dominant role for that flow regime the formulation of Zun was chosen and it was implemented into the commercial CFD‐Code Fluent Release 4.4.4 via user‐defined subroutines. Finally, results from the simulation of the steady states of start and end conditions of an experimental measured transient are shown.

Summary Malignant tumours are determined by an atypical amount of DNA and an in increased part of heterochromatin in the nucleus. In the experimental carcinogenesis in the colon of rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine these results were found in addition to the carcinoma and the malignant polypus in the benign polypus and in the s.c. carcinomain situ too. Therefore they are regarded as real precursors of this cancer.

Zusammenfassung: Die in der Diagnostik des stumpfen Bauchtraumas sehr zuverlässige peritoneale Lavage ist bei Darm- oder Pankreasverletzungen häufig nur schwach positiv. Durch Untersuchung der Lavageflüssigkeit auf Amylase und Bakterien können diese Problemfälle früher erkannt werden. Unsere Ergebnisse bei 200 Patienten zeigen, daß bei schwach positiver Lavage Amylasewerte über 60 U/L Spülflüssigkeit in Korrelation zur Blutbeimengung auf eine Dünndarmoder Pankreasverletzung hinweisen. Der Nachweis von Bakterien zeìgt eine Dickdarmverletzung an.

Interview with Katherine W. Fanning, former editor of the `Christian Science Monitor,' who resigned last year in protest over the publishers' plans to channel money from `Monitor' cutbacks into television. Early journalism career in Alaska; Career at `Monitor'; Financial problems at `Monitor.'

Durch Züchtung von Torula unter verschiedenen Bedingungen konnten Nucleinsäuren erhalten werden, deren Zusammensetzung in bezug auf die beiden Purine Adenin und Guanin von der Stickstoffquelle des Substrats abhängig ist. Durch Hemmung mit Azid wurde die Ausbeute an Nucleinsäure gesteigert und deren Gehalt an Adenin um fast das Doppelte erhöht.

900 eV electrons are elastically scattered by solid targets of tungsten, platinum and gold. The angular dependence of the scattered intensity and of spin polarizationP(T) is investigated as a function of the target temperature. The influence of hydrogen on the scattering process by a gold target is investigated too.

Portrait of Diana Laskin Siegal, co-author of the book `Ourselves, Growing Older,' a guide to the physical, economic and emotional well-being of women over 40. Contrasts the role of aging women in American society with other cultures worldwide.

Summary The paper reports on 11 spleen cysts (9 pseudocysts, 2 genuine). Gastrointestinal X-ray, colon contrast enema, urogram, cholecystcholangiography, angiography, and laparo-scopy allow differential diagnosis against other forms of intestinal displacement. Spleen scintigraphy proved highly reliable and least stress to the patient. We disapprove of test puncture. The possibility of complications makes immediate operation essential when spleen cysts are diagnosed.

Summary In small or large bowel injuries as well as in pancreatic injuries following blunt abdominal trauma, diagnostic peritoneal lavage is often weakly positive. These problem cases may be detected earlier by laboratory examination of lavage fluid for amylase and bacterial content. Our results from 200 patients show that amylase values over 60 U/1 lavage fluid in correlation to the blood content indicate a small bowel or pancreatic injury. Bacteria in lavage fluid indicate a large bowel injury. These simple laboratory examinations help to improve the prognosis of these patients.