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Since their discovery, graphene nanocomposites have attracted much attention for their potential use in many biological applications. Herein, we examined the highly reduced graphene oxide (HRGO) and gold nanomaterial (AuNM)-based (HRGO/Au@AP) nanocomposite for ovarian cancer and apoptosis-inducing abilities, the nanomaterials’ anticancer activities against human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and A2780). HRGO was functionalized with the 1-aminopyridine (AP) as a potential stabilizing agent to improve the sample’s solubility and bioavailability. The surface morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results of an anticancer study comparing HRGO, HRGO/Au, and HRGO/Au@AP nanocomposites showed a greater capacity to induce apoptosis, the apoptosis assays (AO-EB, DAPI, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements on SKOV3 and A2780 cells. This data suggests that HRGO/Au@AP promotes potent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells.

TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology is a key feature of over 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and nearly half of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cases. The pathogenic mechanisms of TDP-43 dysfunction are poorly understood, however, activation of cell stress pathways may contribute to pathogenesis. We, therefore, sought to identify which cell stress components are critical for driving disease onset and neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD. We studied the rNLS8 transgenic mouse model, which expresses human TDP-43 with a genetically-ablated nuclear localisation sequence within neurons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in cytoplasmic TDP-43 pathology and progressive motor dysfunction. Amongst numerous cell stress-related biological pathways profiled using qPCR arrays, several critical integrated stress response (ISR) effectors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (Chop/Ddit3) and activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4), were upregulated in the cortex of rNLS8 mice prior to disease onset. This was accompanied by early up-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2and diverse pro-apoptotic genes including BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid). However, pro-apoptotic signalling predominated after onset of motor phenotypes. Notably, pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 protein was elevated in the cortex of rNLS8 mice at later disease stages, suggesting that downstream activation of apoptosis drives neurodegeneration following failure of early protective responses. Unexpectedly, suppression of Chopin the brain and spinal cord using antisense oligonucleotide-mediated silencing had no effect on overall TDP-43 pathology or disease phenotypes in rNLS8 mice. Cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation therefore causes very early activation of ISR and both anti- and pro-apoptotic signalling that switches to predominant pro-apoptotic activation later in disease. These findings suggest that precise temporal modulation of cell stress and death pathways may be beneficial to protect against neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD.

Tissue damage increases the risk of cancer through poorly understood mechanisms1. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis associated with tissue injury collaborates with activating mutations in the Krasoncogene to markedly accelerate the formation of early neoplastic lesions and, ultimately, adenocarcinoma2,3. Here, by integrating genomics, single-cell chromatin assays and spatiotemporally controlled functional perturbations in autochthonous mouse models, we show that the combination of Krasmutation and tissue damage promotes a unique chromatin state in the pancreatic epithelium that distinguishes neoplastic transformation from normal regeneration and is selected for throughout malignant evolution. This cancer-associated epigenetic state emerges within 48 hours of pancreatic injury, and involves an ‘acinar-to-neoplasia’ chromatin switch that contributes to the early dysregulation of genes that define human pancreatic cancer. Among the factors that are most rapidly activated after tissue damage in the pre-malignant pancreatic epithelium is the alarmin cytokine interleukin 33, which recapitulates the effects of injury in cooperating with mutant Krasto unleash the epigenetic remodelling program of early neoplasia and neoplastic transformation. Collectively, our study demonstrates how gene–environment interactions can rapidly produce gene-regulatory programs that dictate early neoplastic commitment, and provides a molecular framework for understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental cues in the initiation of cancer.

Sebacic acid, an important chemical intermediate, is usually prepared by fermentation. However, the composition of the fermentation broth is complex, which causes significant difficulties in the purification of the product and is still a key problem in the industry. In this study, the application of ceramic membranes for the separation and purification of simulated fermentation broth was studied. Ceramic microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with average pore sizes of 100 and 6nm, respectively, were systematically compared by analyzing their separation effects on different components in the fermentation broth and their permeation flux during filtration. Both ceramic MF and UF membranes can be used to clarify the fermentation broth with turbidity less than 0.01 NTU by the effective removal of emulsified oil and bacteria while allowing sodium sebacate to pass through freely. However, the ceramic UF membrane showed a higher protein rejection of more than 95%, whereas the removal rate of the MF membrane was only approximately 20%. In addition, the fouling process of ceramic UF membrane was analyzed. In the suitable operating conditions when the pH was 9.2, the temperature was 60 ℃, the pressure was 0.1MPa and the cross-flow velocity was 1.8m·s-1, the membrane fouling process was dominated by the reversible cake formation. A ceramic UF membrane with a smaller pore size can effectively avoid pollution in pore channels, and thus exhibits a higher permeation flux in the filtration of the fermentation broth.

Information on the center of genetic diversity of soybean (Glycine max) will be helpful not only for designing efficient strategies for breeding programs, but also for understanding the domestication and origin of this species. Here, we describe an analysis of genetic diversity based on simple-sequence repeat (SSR) variations within a core collection of 2111 accessions of Chinese soybean landraces. Prior to the diversity assessment, the geographic origin of each accession was mapped. The map was then divided into grids each 2.5° in latitude and 5° in longitude. We found two regions that had higher number of alleles (NA) and greater polymorphic information content (PIC) values than the others. These regions are adjacently located within grid position of 30°–35°N×105°–110°E, which includes the valley of the middle and lower reaches of the Wei River, and the valley of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. It was also observed that in many regions, genetic diversity decreased with the increase in distance from the center. Another region, in northern Hebei Province (115°–120°E×40°–42.5°N), was observed having higher diversity than any surrounding regions, indicating that this is a sub-center of soybean diversity. Based on the presented results, the domestication and origin of soybean are also discussed.

Ceramic membranes have been widely used in oil-water separation owing to their characteristics of high flux, excellent chemical stability, strong hydrophilicity, and good fouling resistance. To further enhance their anti-fouling performance, a co-deposition reaction was employed for the surface modification of the ceramic membranes in this study. Polyethyleneimine and dopamine were used to introduce tertiary amine groups on the surface of the ceramic membranes, and sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate was used for the quaternization reaction with tertiary amine groups. According to the water contact angle measurements, the ceramic membrane functionalized via zwitterionic modification exhibited better hydrophilicity and thus could absorb water droplets faster than pristine ceramic membranes. Consequently, the zwitterion-functionalized ceramic membrane achieved double the permeance (40 L m−2h−1bar-‍1) compared to the original ceramic membrane (20 L m−2h−1bar-‍1) during the separation of the oil-in-water emulsion, suggesting good anti-fouling performance.

Quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique response of photoluminescence (PL) in response to mechanical deformation, which makes it possible to use QDs-epoxy resin composite in strain monitoring. In this work, gradient concentric rings consisting of QDs are prepared via the evaporation of chloroform droplets on pre-cast QDs/PMMA films, in which rigid spheres are used to pin the chloroform droplets and control the motion of the contact line of the chloroform droplets. Both the distance of adjacent rings (wavelength) and PL intensity are dependent on the size of rings and the thickness of the precast QDs/PMMA films. Using the gradient concentric rings consisting of QDs on the surface of a tensile bar of 304stainless steel, it is found that the distance of adjacent ring varies with tensile strain. This result demonstrates potential applications of self-assembled structures made of QDs in non-contact detection of mechanical deformation.

The discovery of the variation of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of quantum dots (QDs) with mechanical deformation has stimulated the interest of developing QDs-based structures for the measurement and monitoring of stress or strain. In this work, tensile bars with the coating of QDs-epoxy composite are subjected to cyclic loading and unloading tests, and the PL intensity of the coating of QDs-epoxy composite is measured as a function of mechanical strain. There are four types of responses in the PL intensity, depending on the loading condition. Transmission electron microcopy is used to examine the rearrangement of QDs in the coatings before and after the tensile tests for understanding the change in the PL response.

Thermal management of electronics is quite important for safe operation of nuclear rescue robot. However, the ambient temperature of the nuclear robot in the site of nuclear accident will suffer an alternation between ordinary and elevated temperature. Traditional phase change material (PCM) based closed scheme for thermal protection is not suitable due to the capacity limitation of PCM. Open scheme with forced air cooling or water cooling is not acceptable either, because it cannot operate in high temperature. Therefore, a semi-open thermal control scheme is proposed by using silica aerogel for heat insulation, PCM for heat absorption, and Nickel-titanium alloy spring as temperature switch. An investigation on different ambient temperature, laying angle, melting point of PCM and heat power is conducted. The results showed that, compared with the PCM-based closed scheme, our design can provide 19.23% prolonged safe working hours, which can improve the reliability of electronic devices.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.This study aims to evaluate localized expression of CD4, interleukin (IL)-17, Foxp3, and CD8 in hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) and to explore their potential effects on outcome following surgical resection. This prospective study includes 66 HBV-HCC surgical resection patients enrolled from 2008 to 2013. CD4, IL-17, Foxp3, and CD8 mRNA in 4 regions of the resection specimens (center of the tumor, periphery of the tumor, non-neoplastic liver bordering tumor, non-neoplastic liver distant from tumor) was quantitated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The tumoral regions had lower CD4 and CD8 expression as compared with paired non-neoplastic regions, whereas the expression of IL-17 and Foxp3 did not differ. High Foxp3 in all regions except non-neoplastic liver distant from tumor was associated with poor overall survival, whereas low CD8 expression in distant non-neoplastic liver may be associated with high HCC recurrence rate. Although the expression of almost all molecules did not differ between small (≤3 cm) and large HCC (>3 cm), high IL-17 in periphery of tumor, high CD8 in center of tumor, or low CD8 in distant non-neoplastic liver was associated with high HCC recurrence rate in patients with small HCC, but not in those with large HCC. The effect of immune cells on HCC progression therefore depends on the expression level, localization, and tumor size, and an imbalance toward regulatory T cells is associated with poor outcome.

The search for the elusive Slichter triplet requires elaborate analysis of the elastic-gravitational mode characters and the non-stationary behavior of noisy time-series. A typical question is that it is difficult to characterize the excitations with attenuation by diffusion when their intensity is low compared to noise. Thus the theory for deriving the modes' frequencies is still controversial, and various scholars tried to search for the Slichter triplet in superconducting gravimeter (SG) records, but failed. One of the main causes might be due to the inappropriate use of datasets. We present in this paper synthetic experiments on the selection of record length, sampling rate and number of SG records under the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) to detect the damped harmonic signals hidden in noises based on the optimal sequence estimation (OSE) method. Moreover, our results show that the existing observation conditions arouse restrictions and it might be impossible to detect the Slichter triplet excited by single excitation source based on Fourier spectrum analysis. Thus we suggest a stacking way of combining several seismic events in the case that the excitation mechanism has so far been unclear.

W@SiO2 shielding composite microspheres were prepared by Sol-gel method for the first time. The component and morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results reveal that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was introduced to the surface of tungsten nanoparticle successfully, and tungsten nanoparticle had been coated with silica. The appropriate hydrolysis reaction time is 3h, core-shell structure W@SiO2 shielding composite microsphere can be synthesized and free silica decrease sharply. Core element and shell element of W@SiO2 shielding composite microspheres were proved to be tungsten and silica respectively.

Study on the rationality of marine economy and coastal comprehensive competitiveness, is one of the fundamental theoretical problems co-ordination of land and sea. In order to evaluate the comprehensive competitiveness of coastal areas based on gray system model, calculated correlation and trends between economic development and integrated coastal ocean competitiveness. The result shows that there is a strong correlation between marine economy and inland comprehensive competitiveness in China. And the correlation presents an increasing trend. Marine economy is highly depending on inland economy social development. To achieve sustainable development, extended to the advantage of relying on the sea should be given full play to realize interactive development between marine system and inland system. The conclusions could provide a reference for the policies and plans to develop coastal economic development and marine economic.

To study the rationality of concentration of coastal container ports in China, a comparison of container port concentration of China and other countries' has been carried out. The result shows that the concentration of Chinese ports is relatively low, but the container throughput of Chinese ports is relatively high and their average container throughput is much higher than other countries’ ports’. If we continuously promoted the concentration of coastal container ports, the main Chinese ports' container throughout would grow excessively. That will bring some negative effects to the port located cities and hinder the healthiness and steadiness of port development. So, although the current concentration of Chinese ports is relatively low, in consideration of the facts of our country, the status of low concentration should be maintained or becomes even lower, to ensure the sustainable development of coastal container ports.

Based on modular design rules proposed by IBM, modular design process was planned, which included product overall structure analysis and interface standardized design. Based on module partition, undirected graph was used to represent the relationship between the modules and the product's overall structure. By analyzing the interaction between modules deeply, the structure, dimension and parameter of the interface were standardized in order to determine the standard interface of each module. Brittle materials processing equipment was used to demonstrate the modular design process.

The micro-layout research of the reclamation area involves many other areas and disciplines, occupies an important position in the coastal economic study. On the base of geometry theory, this paper puts the micro-layout of the reclamation area under the economic analysis within the formation of two-dimensional plane of the grid point topology. Here we take the Heishijiao coastal areas of Dalian as the example for micro layout of the reclamation area research within the two-dimensional plane variable framework, which is calculated by the Ising lattice model. For the better macroeconomic development in the area as the objective function, the maximum economic value will determine the optimal layout. The results show that, in coastal reclamation area it should not be paid too much notation to the width of the extension in the sea, and more reclamation area should be gathered to the city's prosperity zone reflected in the overall layout of layering.

Scientific project management informatization is the current development trend, but there are few information systems about major scientific special project. The paper analyses the characteristics of Bohai Sea major scientific special project, designs and develops the system. It introduces the system design goal, design principles, function and structure, development environment, and further analyses the key technology of the system.

In order to deal with the influence of adverse weather (such as dust fog) over vision system of the outdoor machine, this paper proposes a real-time image defogging method basing on sparsity. This method estimates the radiation intensity of airlight based on the dark channel prior statistical law and adopts sparse decomposition and reconstruction to figure out the atmospheric veil, taking advantage of the sparsity of this issue. By solving the equation for imaging based on the atmospheric scattering model, we can obtain the atmospheric radiation intensity under the ideal condition and succeed in image defogging. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the degradation of image in adverse weather (foggy) and raise its sharpness.

The marine pollution problem is mainly related to inputs to the ocean directly or indirectly through the atmosphere, from land-based sources or land-based activities of society. The management of this is essentially associated with managing in an adequate way our activities on land. Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Marine environmental carrying capacity monitoring system is a monitoring framework to achieve marine environment adaptive management, the core of the system is monitoring marine environmental carrying capacity under DPSIR model. This paper introduces a definition of marine environmental carrying capacity and the conceptual framework for marine environmental carrying capacity monitoring system.

In the cement production process, cement quality is the most important indicator. One way to measure the quality of the cement is the cement particle size. Only the cement particle size is symmetrical and the specific surface area could reach the national standard that this kind of cement is qualified products. In actual production, the specific surface area is tested in laboratory through experiment. This process takes a long time, and the instantaneous value of specific surface area can not be got. This paper, auxiliary variables coming from the practical production site are used to get an instantaneous value through fuzzy control algorithm and other rules. VC++ 6.0 is used to program this algorithm. After a long period of actual operation, this method is proved to be effective, the instantaneous specific surface area is got and the precision is acceptable. This could guide the operator to change parameters of the equipment timely. This could be widely used and is easy to spread.

Following the implementation of the 12th five-year plan, the development mode of Chinas coastal container port has changed; it thus requires higher port efficiency and an optimized development mode. This paper applies the DEA-Malmquist index to the quantitative assessment of dynamic efficiency of coastal container terminal enterprises in China. The result shows that the technical change enhanced from 2007 to 2010 year by year, however, the technical efficiency change decreased. Scale inefficiency is the main reason why the technical efficiency is low. This indicates that there is necessary for the coastal container terminal enterprises to control the investment of terminal construction. On the other hand, they should deepen reform of the management system, seek high efficiency operation mode and achieve the intensive utilization of investment.

As the largest economic region in northern China, Bohai Rim becomes the third of China's economic growth poles after the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta which has an extremely important position in China's economic development. How to strengthen the industrial linkages of the equipment manufacturing industry in Bohai Sea region becomes the promotion of regional development is a pressing matter of the moment. Analysis the industrial linkages of the equipment manufacturing industry in Bohai Sea region using MRIO method, as related to the development of regional industrial policy of equipment manufacturing industry to provide a basis for decision making.

This paper explores the mechanism between supply chain and marine environment, describes the concepts and elements of GSCM, and discusses the prospects of implementation of GSCM, conclude that GSCM would be a good practice for Chinese enterprises to improve both their economic and environmental performance, it would play an important role in marine environment management, prospectively it would be a possible way to solve the Bohai sea environmental problem in the context of land-sea overall strategy.

With the increasingly fierce contention marine resources and space, marine engineering equipment manufacturing (referred to as MEEM) industry to become a strategic pillar industry of the coastal countries and regions. In October 2010, the State Council issued a document which defined MEM industry is one of the strategic emerging industries to cultivate during the 12th Five-Year Plan From the three support aspects of the industry, market demand, industry and the development environment, the paper build a index system to evaluate MEEM development potential, apply AHP and variation coefficient method to weight for each indicator empowerment, and then according to the MEEM development potential evaluation value, and provide a reference for regional MEM industry development ideas.

We proposed the improved wavelet neural network and applied it to forecast rainfall. Activation function was selected automatically from three wavelet basis functions. The three given wavelet basis functions were Morlet, Mexican-Hat and Different Of Gauss(DOG) wavelet basis functions respectively. We demonstrat its effectiveness by forecasts rainfall of some cities in China. The results show that the improved wavelet networks method is better than BP neural network method in rainfall forecast.

We proposed improved wavelet network and applied it to image compression. Activation function was selected automatically from three wavelet basis functions based on the effect of image compression. The three given wavelet basis functions were Morlet, Mexican-Hat and Different Of Gauss(DOG) wavelet basis functions respectively. The results show that the improved wavelet networks method is better than general wavelet networks in image compression.

This paper analysis the association effect and spread effect on the equipment manufacturing industry in Shandong province based on the input-output model, then according to the environmental experience coefficient, analysis the relationship between spread effect on the equipment manufacturing industry in Shandong province and industrial waste water pollution. The result shows that Shandong equipment manufacturing industrial production scale to increase will drive other heavy industry department production growth, corresponding will emit a lot of industrial wastewater, ultimately affect the long-term healthy development of region economy and environment.

A flask solvothermal method was firstly utilized to facile synthesize greigite Fe3S4 micro-crystals (MCs). By using iron nitrate, element sulfur as raw materials as well as oleylamine as the solvent, high yield of Fe3S4 MCs with hexahedron microstructure was obtained. In addition, it was found that it was easily to achieve transformation between Fe3S4 and Fe7S8 through changing reaction temperatures and iron-sulfur ratios. The several different morphologies of Fe3S4 MCs were obtained by using other sulfur sources. The synthetic approach demonstrated here could be of great potential for the controlled synthesis of other metal chalcogenides.

Through carried out computer simulation analysis on air-to-air energy recovery equipment，the analysis research mainly aims at pressure drop characteristics among the factors which influence the core of the heat exchanger，the results show that：as the plate spacing, plate width, plate height, as well as changes in a secondary air inlet velocity core，all of them will have different effects on the air-to-air energy recovery unit of the resistance loss, which is useful to air-to-air energy recovery unit to optimize the design.

Two types of joining specimens with and without Ni foil interlayer between 316L–SS bar have been prepared by diffusion bonding in a temperature range of 850- 1050°C, under a uniaxial pressure of 10MPa for 1hours. The relationship between the bonding parameters and the tensile strength of the joints at elevated temperature was studied. Optimized processing parameters were suggested based on the testing results. It was found that the introduction of the interlayer may reduce the room temperature strength but increase the high temperature strength. This was attributed to the transformation of Fe0.64Ni0.36 formed in bonding process into FeNi3 at high temperature.

In this study, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations, combining 71 continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS) data, are used to detect surface vertical loading deformation of the Amazon Basin during 2002–2020. The results show that the maximal annual amplitude of the surface mass changes derived by GRACE is more than 80 cm in terms of the equivalent water height (EWH) in the Amazon Basin. Most part of Amazon experiences mass gain, especially the Amazon River, while there is little mass loss in the northern and eastern parts. Through the Pearson correlation analysis, the monthly de-trended time series of GPS-observed vertical deformation and GRACE-derived mass loading are in good agreement with an average correlation coefficient of about 0.75 throughout the Amazon region. The common seasonal signals of GPS vertical displacements and GRACE/GFO loading deformations are extracted using the stack averaging. The two kinds of common seasonal signals show a good consistency, and together indicate approximate 20 mm peak-to-peak seasonal amplitude. Strong annual variations are identified both in the monthly GPS and GRACE/GFO data by the wavelet analysis. However, the time-frequency spectrum of GPS has more signal details and more significant semi-annual variations than that of GRACE/GFO. These results may contribute to the understanding of secular crustal vertical deformation in the Amazon Basin.

Enormous demands on the separation of oil/water (O/W) emulsions in various industries, such as petrochemical, food and pharmaceutical industries, are looking for high performance and energy-efficient separation methods. Ceramic membranes have been used to deal with O/W emulsions, for its outstanding characteristics of easy-operation, high-flux, and long-term stability. However, membrane fouling is still a challenge in the industrial application of ceramic membranes. Herein, antifouling ceramic membranes were fabricated by grafting zwitterions on the membrane surface via an environment-friendly two-step grafting method, which improves the antifouling property and permeability. Successful grafting of such zwitterion on the ceramic surface was assessed by the combination of FTIR and XPS characterization. More importantly, the hydration can be formed by electrostatic interactions layer on the modified membrane, which was confirmed by TGA characterization. The antifouling performance of prepared zwitterionic ceramic membranes in the separation of O/W emulsions was systematically tested. The results suggested that zwitterion can significantly improve the flux of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane, and can also improve antifouling property dramatically by reducing the irreversible fouling in the separation of O/W emulsions. Therefore, zwitterionic ceramic membranes hold promising potentials as an antifouling, highly efficient and green method in the practical purification of the O/W emulsions.