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Two Schiff base compounds that differ only in halogen substituent (Cl or Br) showed contrasting chromic properties. By exchanging their molecular environments in the crystal, the molecules exhibited a photo-response opposite to the initial state, clearly demonstrating the importance of the environment over molecular nature. Crystal structure analysis and singlecrystal microscope absorption and emission spectra of the compounds were presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restorative justice conferencing ('RJC') has demonstrated strengths over traditional criminal justice approaches, including victim satisfaction and redress, and offender perceptions of legitimacy and fairness. However, less is known about how and why. This research examines conference convenor perspectives concerning how and why RJC 'works' in terms of such outcomes. The convenor perspective is a poorly investigated area in RJC research, despite the pivotal role that convenors play as 'key' participants in RJC practice. Based on semi-structured interviews with convenors involved in the Youth Justice Group Conferencing program in Victoria, findings highlight that not only face-to-face dialogue, but also preparation and follow-up, play distinct and important roles in the outcomes of RJC. As preparation and follow-up phases are often dismissed or compromised in practice, this article suggests that RJC should be clearly articulated and implemented as a 'holistic' process that requires equal attention to all three phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its emergence, restorative justice (RJ) has attracted scholars, practitioners and policy-makers from around the world. At the same time, however, such popularity has also generated confusion and a lack of consensus on what is RJ. Different people have proposed different notions of what qualifies as RJ. This article aims to contribute to such an ongoing debate by providing an overall picture of RJ. In this commentary, consideration is given to three aspects of RJ: concept, definition and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium oxide nano-networks, which have various crystal structures, were fabricated by the sol-gel polymerization in an organogel formed by L-isoleucine organogelator and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by a methylene blue method. The TiO2 nano-networks were formed by which the self-assembled nanofibers of the gelator acted as a template, and their crystal structure was controlled by the calcination temperature. The rutile Ti02 nano-network, which was fabricated at 700°C, showed a good photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural change of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), which can form sol-gel coating films via silsesquioxane, was investigated to elucidate the mechanism of coating at the early stage. Although films that can be used for sol-gel coating can be formed only after heating at about 100 °C for an hour, growth of nanoparticles was detected in the MTMS solutions at room temperature by static and dynamic light scattering. The existence and growth of nanoparticles were also confirmed by other measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Zn( II)-Poly(acrylonitrile-co-silk fibroin peptide) complex was synthesized by copolymerization of acryIonitrile and a new complex macromonomer consisting of Zn ion and modified silk fibroin peptide by acryloyl chloride with vinyl gorups, we examined effects of using distilled water and diluted hydrochloric acid as precipitant for the obtained resulting complex solution in the termination stage of copolymerization on the content of Zn(II) of copolymers. And the copolymer complexes containing Zn ions of difference content were obtained. By the typical IR peaks of pure poly(acrylonitrile-co-silk fibroin peptide) and its complexes, the ligand coordination occurs mainly through oxygen atom and nitrogen atom from the amide carbonyl group and no complex formation between the CN group and Zn ion were presumed. The other, by absorbing various metal ions on pure copolymers, several copolymer metal complexes could be also obtained. However, the results eluting Zn2+ from powder of copolymer complexes by diluted HCI indicated their difference stabilities, the complex synthesized by vinyl groups had better stability than that obtained by absorbing metal ions. All copolymer complexes exhibited significant odor-removing activity. And the sample of higher content of Zn ion reveals good antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]