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AC-PEI(H) was prepared by chemically grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto activated carbon (AC), followed by acidification and protonation of the amino groups, resulting in positively charged ammonium moieties. The resulting materials are used for the adsorption of phosphate ions (H2PO4−) from water. The effects of temperature, contact time, and concentration on phosphate ions removal from wastewater were investigated. The structure, surface morphology and chemistry of AC-PEI(H) were characterized by SEM, XPS, FTIR, DSC, and ZP. The optimum adsorption conditions of phosphates were the temperature (285 K), the time (4 h), the mass of the adsorbent (0.40 g), and the initial pH of 5. Results showed that the removal efficiency of phosphate in simulated wastewater was estimated at 63.9 %. In addition, the utilization of NaOH as a regenerant for the H2PO4−-laden AC-PEI(H) can still reach more than 47 %. The chemical adsorption mechanism was proposed, suggesting the key role of the interaction between the terminal amine at the adsorbent surface and the phosphate. Reportedly, our prepared green adsorbent AC-PEI(H) could be regarded as an efficient candidate for high removal of phosphate in water, which could be promoted to treat other anionic salts in sewage.

The application of membrane bioreactor process is investigated in the aim of evaluating the potential for removal of cyclophosphamide (CP). Two laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) were run in parallel, one with CP and its principal metabolites (MBR1-CPs), and one without (MBR2-control). Removal of CP in an MBR and its effects on the membrane performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal effi ciency were studied. Removals of 80% were achieved for CP and the metabolite 4-ketocyclophosphamide under the operating conditions studied. Both adsorption and degradation affect the overall removal. The toxicity of CP and its metabolites does not alter the COD or TN removal effi ciency of MBR. However, it induces a modifi cation of the biological suspended solids and so a modifi cation of the membrane fouling.

The application of membrane bioreactor process is investigated in the aim of evaluating the potential for removal of cyclophosphamide (CP). Two laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) were run in parallel, one with CP and its principal metabolites (MBR1-CPs), and one without (MBR2-control). Removal of CP in an MBR and its effects on the membrane performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal effi ciency were studied. Removals of 80% were achieved for CP and the metabolite 4-ketocyclophosphamide under the operating conditions studied. Both adsorption and degradation affect the overall removal. The toxicity of CP and its metabolites does not alter the COD or TN removal effi ciency of MBR. However, it induces a modifi cation of the biological suspended solids and so a modifi cation of the membrane fouling.

The histamine release induced in isolated perfused sensitised guinea-pig lungs by antigen, trypsin, Russell viper venom, and compound 48/80 has been compared. At equi-active dosage for histamine release, these four substances released varying amounts of slow reacting substances. Neither histamine release nor the release of slow reacting substances appeared to be responsible for the changes in cholesterol, glyceride or lipid phosphorus of the lung tissue observed in these experiments.

This short communication reports a simple and rapid screening method for detection of schistosomicidal activity of some medicinal plants.