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Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and orthokeratinized odontogenic Cysts (OOCs) are distinct clinicopathological entities. OKC appears to behave in a way more similar to that of a neoplasm, such as ameloblastoma (AB). The aim of this study is to compare the influence of Ki-67, Cyclin D1 and COX-2 in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of OKC, OOC and AB.

The need for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high-risk (HR) features and adequate measurable residual disease (MRD) clearance remains unclear. The aim of the ALL-HR-11 trial was to evaluate the outcomes of HR Ph−adult ALL patients following chemotherapy or allo-HSCT administered based on end-induction and consolidation MRD levels. Patients aged 15 to 60 years with HR-ALL in complete response (CR) and MRD levels (centrally assessed by 8-color flow cytometry) <0.1% after induction and <0.01% after early consolidation were assigned to receive delayed consolidation and maintenance therapy up to 2 years in CR. The remaining patients were allocated to allo-HSCT. CR was attained in 315/348 patients (91%), with MRD <0.1% after induction in 220/289 patients (76%). By intention-to-treat, 218 patients were assigned to chemotherapy and 106 to allo-HSCT. The 5-year (±95% confidence interval) cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival probabilities for the whole series were 43% ± 7%, 49% ± 7%, and 40% ± 6%, respectively, with CIR and OS rates of 45% ± 8% and 59% ± 9% for patients assigned to chemotherapy and of 40% ± 12% and 38% ± 11% for those assigned to allo-HSCT, respectively. Our results show that avoiding allo-HSCT does not hamper the outcomes of HR Ph−adult ALL patients up to 60 years with adequate MRD response after induction and consolidation. Better postremission alternative therapies are especially needed for patients with poor MRD clearance. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.govas # NCT01540812.

The need for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in adults with Philadelphia chromosome–negative (Ph−) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with high-risk (HR) features and adequate measurable residual disease (MRD) clearance remains unclear. The aim of the ALL-HR-11 trial was to evaluate the outcomes of HR Ph− adult ALL patients following chemotherapy or allo-HSCT administered based on end-induction and consolidation MRD levels. Patients aged 15 to 60 years with HR-ALL in complete response (CR) and MRD levels (centrally assessed by 8-color flow cytometry) <0.1% after induction and <0.01% after early consolidation were assigned to receive delayed consolidation and maintenance therapy up to 2 years in CR. The remaining patients were allocated to allo-HSCT. CR was attained in 315/348 patients (91%), with MRD <0.1% after induction in 220/289 patients (76%). By intention-to-treat, 218 patients were assigned to chemotherapy and 106 to allo-HSCT. The 5-year (±95% confidence interval) cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival probabilities for the whole series were 43% ± 7%, 49% ± 7%, and 40% ± 6%, respectively, with CIR and OS rates of 45% ± 8% and 59% ± 9% for patients assigned to chemotherapy and of 40% ± 12% and 38% ± 11% for those assigned to allo-HSCT, respectively. Our results show that avoiding allo-HSCT does not hamper the outcomes of HR Ph− adult ALL patients up to 60 years with adequate MRD response after induction and consolidation. Better postremission alternative therapies are especially needed for patients with poor MRD clearance. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT01540812.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the intra-session repeatability and inter-examiner reproducibility of the colour perimetry technique when assessing in vivo macular pigment optical density in age-related macular degeneration patients.Methods: Age-related macular degeneration patients were classified into four groups: early age-related macular degeneration, intermediate age-related macular degeneration, atrophic age-related macular degeneration and neovascular age-related macular degeneration after undergoing fundus photography (TRC 50DX type IA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis (Topcon 3D-2000). Central fixation was confirmed in all patients using the MP-1 microperimeter (Nidek, Padua, Italy). To analyse repeatability, one examiner obtained three consecutive macular pigment optical density measures with MonCV3 device (Metrovision, Perenchies, France). To study agreement between two observers, a second examiner performed another macular pigment optical density measurement in random order. Within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient data were obtained.Results: Fifty two (32 females and 20 males) consecutive age-related macular degeneration patients having a mean age of 71.5 ± 8.2 years were recruited. Six had early age-related macular degeneration, 25 had intermediate age-related macular degeneration, 10 had atrophic age-related macular degeneration and 11 had neovascular age-related macular degeneration. For repeatability, coefficient of variation values ranged from 22.3% (neovascular age-related macular degeneration) to 41.0% (atrophic age-related macular degeneration) and intraclass correlation coefficient values from 0.52 (intermediate age-related macular degeneration) to 0.79 (neovascular age-related macular degeneration). For agreement between two examiners, coefficient of variation values ranged from 20.1% (intermediate age-related macular degeneration) to 37.8% (neovascular age-related macular degeneration) and intraclass correlation coefficient values from 0.61 (neovascular age-related macular degeneration) to 0.80 (atrophic age-related macular degeneration).Conclusion: The reliability (intra-session repeatability and inter-examiner reproducibility) of colour perimetry technique to assess macular pigment optical density in age-related macular degeneration patients is only moderate. Thus, it cannot be recommended to be performed when evaluating and monitoring age-related macular degeneration patients in the daily clinic.

Two cases of oral pulse granuloma (OPG) or vegetable granuloma (VG) are presented, one of which was concomitant with an odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which is an unusual finding. OKC is characterized by the presence of hyaline rings which include vessels, giant cells, other inflammatory cells and collagen fibres. There are two hypotheses as to its histogenesis: firstly, as a reaction to vegetable matter, such as legumes (thus the nomenclature “pulse” or edible seed) and secondly as a degenerative change in the vessel walls as a result of localized vasculitis.

Intermediate deep earthquakes are usually associated with active subduction, and show mostly dip‐slip faulting mechanisms aligned with the downgoing oceanic lithosphere. Forty‐two new focal mechanisms from 50‐ to 100‐km depth beneath the Gibraltar Arc and Alboran Sea show different characteristics. The most abundant solutions are strike‐slip mechanisms, in agreement with relative plate motion between Nubia and Eurasia. Additional reverse faulting mechanisms indicate compression in direction of absolute plate motion, reproducing the basal drag of the mantle on the hanging lithosphere. In turn, no signature of ongoing subduction was found. Migrated sections of Pwave receiver functions suggest that a significant part of intermediate deep seismicity is produced within the stalled remnants of Jurassic age, oceanic lithosphere that once formed the connection between the Alpine Tethys and the central Atlantic and later has been buried beneath the Gibraltar Arc. Earthquakes below 50‐km depth are usually associated with active subduction, and the direction of faulting is aligned with the orientation of the subduction zone. Faulting in 42 earthquakes beneath the Gibraltar Arc and Alboran Sea shows different characteristics. The most abundant solutions show horizontal slip, in agreement with relative plate motion between Africa and Europe. Further solutions are associated with shortening and suggest compression from the basal drag of the Earth's mantle on the moving plates. In turn, no signature of active subduction was found. Images of the Earth's interior from teleseismic waves suggest a relation between the earthquakes and a stalled remnant of ~150‐Ma‐old oceanic material that once formed the connection between two oceans and later has been buried beneath the Gibraltar Arc. Receiver function images and earthquake locations suggest a buried corridor of autochthonous oceanic lithosphere between Iberia and AfricaSubcrustal focal mechanisms beneath the Gibraltar Arc do not support active subductionMost mechanisms agree with shear from relative plate motion or drag from absolute plate motion

The 10 July 1923 earthquake near Berdún (Spain) is the largest instrumentally recorded event in the Pyrenees. We recover old analog seismograms and use 20 hand‐digitized waveforms for regional moment tensor inversion. We estimate moment magnitude Mw5.4, centroid depth of 8 km, and a pure normal faulting source with strike parallel to the mountain chain (N292°E), dip of 66° and rake of −88°. The new mechanism fits into the general predominance of normal faulting in the Pyrenees and extension inferred from Global Positioning System data. The unique location of the 1923 earthquake, near the south Pyrenean thrust front, shows that the extensional regime is not confined to the axial zone where high topography and the crustal root are located. Together with seismicity near the northern mountain front, this indicates that gravitational potential energy in the western Pyrenees is not extracted locally but induces a wide distribution of postorogenic deformation. When convergence across a mountain chain comes to a stop, topography and deep root are no longer maintained, starting off postorogenic extension. Here we analyze the 10 July 1923 earthquake near Berdún in the Spanish Pyrenees. The earthquake was recorded at early analog seismographs over Europe, and we collected and hand digitized these old recordings for waveform analysis. We estimate moment magnitude Mw5.4, making it the largest Pyrenean earthquake recorded on seismographs. The earthquake responds to normal faulting, indicating extension perpendicular to the mountain chain, in agreement with earthquakes in other parts of the Pyrenees, as well as deformation inferred from Global Positioning System data. It shows that postorogenic deformation reaches the southern mountain front, far from the largest topography and crustal root, which is at odds with conventional models for postorogenic extension. The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the Pyrenees (Mw5.4) corresponds to normal faulting at the south Pyrenean thrust frontEarthquake distribution changes along strike of the chain, following the axial zone in the east and the mountain front in the westWestern Pyrenean seismicity does not correlate with local gravitational potential energy, possibly due to stronger crust in this sector

La colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria es segura y proporciona mejor aprovechamiento de recursos sanitarios y satisfacción percibida, sin repercutir en la calidad asistencial. La educación preoperatoria ha demostrado disminución del estrés, del dolor y náuseas postoperatorios en algunas intervenciones. El objetivo principal del estudio es valorar el impacto de la educación preoperatoria sobre el dolor postoperatorio en la colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria. Los objetivos secundarios fueron evaluar las náuseas postoperatorias, morbilidad, ingresos no esperados, readmisiones, calidad de vida y grado de satisfacción.

The intermediate-depth seismicity (IDS) beneath the Gibraltar Arc is enigmatic. So far, there is no general consensus on its relationship with the ongoing tectonic processes. We analyzed Swave receiver functions (SRFs) with data recorded by a dense N-S seismic profile deployed across the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain. SRF piercing points at depths of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) sample an area of the IDS zone, providing an ideal opportunity to study the lithospheric structure at the IDS zone. We observe an abrupt change in the LAB depth along a profile from north to south across the northern branch of the IDS. The LAB depth changes from 90 to 100 km north of the IDS to ~130 km south of it. We propose that the IDS marks a tear in the Iberian mantle lithosphere along its entire length, implying an ongoing lithospheric delamination process that produces the seismicity at its onset. Analysis of Sreceiver functions using data from a dense seismic profile across the Sierra Nevada Cordillera, southern SpainDetection of a 30 km step of the mantle lithosphere beneath the northern branch of the intermediate-depth seismic zoneImplication of tearing in the mantle lithosphere that has propagated along the entire length of the intermediate-depth seismic zone

Los quistes de la vía biliar o quistes de colédoco (QC) son una patología rara en nuestro medio. La etiología es desconocida, siendo la hipótesis más aceptada las anomalías en la unión biliopancreática.

Nowadays university is changing in favour of the employability of graduates. It is understood that a university curriculum should be consistent with the demands of employment and self-employment, especially at higher education levels. This analysis conceptually defines “skill” and “employability”, and focuses on communicative competence. University is perceived as being responsible for responding to the European labor market by adapting its criteria and preparing students for future employment.

A novel electrochemical route to estimate the antioxidant capacity in honey samples is proposed just using flow injection analysis. The analytical strategy involved the selective oxidation of polyphenolic compounds using two different target potentials, +0.8 and +0.5 V, at two different pHs. An oxidation current obtained at the fixed potential was used as an analytical guide of the antioxidant activity of the target honeys. Chemometrics (correlation and principal component analysis, PCA) demonstrated the significance of the electrochemical protocol versus the traditional spectrophotometric ones in the evaluation of antioxidant capacity and revealed the role of detection potential as a screeningvariable. The proposed protocol is very simple and fast. However, the most relevant merit of the electrochemical procedure is its inherent versatility which allows the evaluation of the antioxidant activity under predesigned controlled oxidation conditions. In addition, since intercept was statistically zero, its corresponding antioxidant content using just a calibration factor is proposed thus simplifying the calibration‐analysis process. As a result, an electrochemical antioxidant index (EAI) is proposed.

Background:

Diaz-Beyá: Jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Mercadal: Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Tormo: Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Barba: Amgen, Celgene, Gilead, Incyte, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche, Jazz Phar,aceuticals: Honoraria; Cqrlos III heqlth Institute, aSOCIACION espanola contra el cancer, PERIS: Research Funding. Maciejewski: Regeneron: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy. Ribera: ARIAD: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AMGEN: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; TAKEDA: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; NOVARTIS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; SHIRE: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau.

Dopamine D2‐like receptors (D2, D3, and D4) are major targets for action of typical and atypical neuroleptics, commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. To understand their individual functional contribution, subtype‐selective anti‐peptide antibodies were raised against D2, D3, and D4 receptor proteins. The antibodies were shown to be specific on immunoblots of rat brain membranes and immunoprecipitated the solubilized native dopamine receptors in an antibody concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, they also bind selectively to the respective recombinant D2, D3, and D4 receptor membrane proteins from cDNA transfected cells. Immunolocalization studies show that the D2‐like receptor proteins had differential regional and cellular distribution in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and midbrain, thus providing anatomical substrate for area‐specific regulation of the dopamine neurotransmission. In cortical neurons, D4 receptor protein was found in both pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells, whereas D2 and D3 seem to be mostly associated with nonpyramidal interneurons. In rat hippocampus, the expression pattern of D2‐like receptors (D4>D3>D2) mirrored that obtained with immunoprecipitation studies. D2 and D4 receptor immunolabeling was observed in the thalamic reticular nucleus, which was negative for the D3 subtype. Species differences were also observed; for example, the D4 subtype receptor is the most highly expressed protein in the rat cortex, whereas it is significantly less in human cortex. Differential patterns of D2, D3, and D4 receptor expression in rat and human brain should shed light on the therapeutic actions of neuroleptic drugs and may lead to the development of more specifically targeted antipsychotic drugs. J. Comp. Neurol. 402:353–371, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

TRITIATED thymidine ([3H]thymidine) autoradiography at different times after experiments showed that postnatally generated neurones in the adult lizard olfactory bulbs are not generated in a local germinative zone but in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the cerebral hemispheres, which is a long distance from the olfactory bulbs. The new cells originating in the VZ of rostral telencephalon migrate to both main and accessory olfactory bulbs through the olfactory peduncle, along a highly restricted pathway orthogonal to the orientation of radial glial fibres. Our results suggest that the olfactory bulb interneurones of adult lizards may follow a tangential migration route from their germinative zone, as is the case in mammals.

Montesinos: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Teva: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support, Speakers Bureau; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Esteve:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Astellas: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that young to middle-aged adults who receive a pediatric-inspired chemotherapy regimen for treatment of Ph-neg ALL do not appear to require an alloHSCT if they achieve good response on MRD testing after induction and/or consolidation therapy. Patients (pts) who are not good MRD responders achieve better outcomes with alloHSCT than their counterparts who do not receive alloHSCT. However, it is not clear if this approach can specifically apply to adult ALL pts with HR features at baseline. The aim of the prospective ALL-HR-11 trial (NCT01540812) from the Spanish PETHEMA Group was to evaluate response of HR Ph-neg adult ALL patients to a different post-induction therapy (chemotherapy or alloHSCT) according to MRD levels (centrally assessed by 8-color flow cytometry [FCM]) at the end of induction (week 5) and consolidation therapy (week 17)..