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Evaluar el patrón de consumo de ocho grupos de fármacos para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular; identificar en la población española los determinantes sociodemográficos y de salud asociados al consumo de aquellos.

Studies in humans and mice suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) might be a candidate gene for arterial hypertension. Our aims were to analyse whether the functional 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism represents a risk marker for the development of arterial hypertension regardless of hypertension-related metabolic variables.

Adiponectin is a plasma protein produced by the adipose tissue. Hypoadiponectinemia has been associated with insulin resistance and several components of the metabolic syndrome (MS): type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions 45 and 276 in the adiponectin gene were associated with features of the MS in 747 unrelated Spanish subjects. The G allele of SNP45 and the G/G genotype of SNP276 were associated with impaired glucose tolerance (p= 0.020 and 0.042, respectively). The G/G genotype for SNP276 was associated with lower serum adiponectin levels as compared with the G/T and T/T genotypes (G/G, 10.10 ± 0.24 μg/mL; G/T, 10.98 ± 0.32 μg/mL; T/T, 12.00 ± 0.92 μg/mL; p= 0.015) even after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, homeostasis model assessment index, and the degree of glucose tolerance (p= 0.040). We found a significant negative association of circulating adiponectin levels with waist‐to‐hip ratio (r= −0.42, p< 0.001), sagittal abdominal diameter (r= −0.24, p< 0.001), triglycerides (r= −0.32, p< 0.001), homeostasis model assessment index (r= −0.14, p= 0.001), and uric acid (r= −0.36, p< 0.001) and positive association with high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (r= 0.41, p< 0.001). Our findings indicate that serum adiponectin levels are associated with several components of the MS. The SNP276 of the adiponectin gene may affect impaired glucose tolerance and hypoadiponectinemia.

Objective: To compare the expression of the metabolic syndrome in Spain and San Antonio, TX, two populations with major differences regarding their cardiovascular risk profile. Research Methods and Procedures: Cross‐sectional analysis of population‐based, epidemiological surveys using the metabolic syndrome definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program. In San Antonio, we limited our analysis to non‐Hispanic whites because non‐Hispanic whites are largely of European ancestry (n= 1339 in San Antonio and 2947 in Spain) Results: In men, increased central adiposity was more prevalent in San Antonio than in Spain (29.7 vs. 23.0%, p< 0.0001); in women, it was less prevalent in San Antonio than in Spain (40.2 vs. 66.4%, p< 0.0001). The metabolic syndrome followed that same pattern: more prevalent in men (28.9 vs. 20.8%, p= 0.019) and less in women from San Antonio (27.1 vs. 30.9%, p< 0.0001). In subjects with the metabolic syndrome, most women had increased central adiposity (92.6% in San Antonio and 97.5% in Spain), and most men had either increased central adiposity or blood pressure (99.2% in San Antonio and 95.0% in Spain). Discussion: Contrary to men, the metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in Spanish women than in women from San Antonio with differences that mirror differences in central adiposity. Central adiposity and blood pressure may be used to exclude the metabolic syndrome. Considering recent secular trends in obesity, we predict there will be an increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in both populations in the coming years.