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This study focuses on the synthesis and preliminary bio-evaluation of [99mTc]-technetium tricarbonyl procainamide ([99mTc]-technetium tricarbony PA) as a viable cardiac imaging agent. The compound, [99mTc]-technetium tricarbony PA, was synthesized by labelling procainamide with a [99mTc]-technetium tricarbonyl core, yielding a high radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity of 98%. Under optimal circumstances, high radiochemical yield and purity were obtained utilizing [99mTc]-technetium tricarbonyl core within 30 min of incubation at pH 9, 200 µg substrate concentration, and 100 °C reaction temperature. The heart showed a high absorption of 32.39 ± 0.88% of the injected dose/g organ (ID/g), confirming the suitability of [99mTc]-technetium tricarbonyl PA as a viable complex for heart imaging.

One of the most famous techniques for stomach ulcer imaging is the nuclear imaging technique. We aim to focus on the synthesis of 125I-cimetidine (125I-cim) as an agent for peptic ulcer imaging. Cimetidine was labeled with Iodine-125 using a different oxidizing agent (Ch-T, NBS). All factors affecting the labeling yield were optimized. The radiochemical yield of 125I-cim was 98 ± 0.22% at optimum conditions. In vitrostability, in vivobiodistribution of 125I-cimetidine was studied in three groups: control group, pretreated group, and ulcer bearing group. In vivobiodistribution studies of 125I-cim revealed high uptake in the stomach ulcer, reaching about 75.4 ± 1.2% ID/g at 15 min post-injection, than pretreated groups compared to the control. The results showed the suitability of using 125I-cimetidine for stomach ulcer imaging.

The imaging of organs is very important in the field of diagnosis especially in case of liver diseases. In the present work, carnosine was successfully labeled with iodine-131 at room temperature in acidic medium using chloramine-T (Ch-T) as moderate oxidizing agent. The parameters affecting labeling of carnosine such as amount of oxidizing agent, amount of substrate, pH value of the reaction mixture, reaction temperature and reaction time, were investigated. The best conditions for formation of 131I-carnosine (131I-CAR) complex were 40 μg of chloramine-T (Ch-T), 75 μg of carnosine, pH 4 and 45 min reaction time at room temperature. The radiochemical yield for 131I-CAR complex was (91 ± 0.11) % at optimum conditions and the labeled complex was stable for 2 h after labeling process. Biodistribution study was achieved using three groups of rats (normal, treated by inactive carnosine and hepatotoxicity rats induced by CCl4). Hepatotoxicity of liver was evaluated using different biochemical markers such as ALT, AST and ALK.P. The 131I-CAR complex showed selective bio-localization in stomach and liver and its selectivity increases in acquired hepatotoxicity. The biological distribution indicates that the suitability of 131I-CAR as a potential hepatotoxicity imaging to detect hepatitis and medical prognosis.

Carnosine is an antioxidant dipeptide and Costus speciosusis an Indian herb with powerful antioxidant activity.

Levalbuterol was successfully radiolabeled with iodine using chloramine-T as an oxidizing agent via an electrophilic substitution reaction. The reaction parameters that affecting the labeling yield such as levalbuterol concentration, chloramine-T concentration, pH of the reaction medium and reaction time were studied in details. The radiochemical yield was 97.5 ± 0.5% and the radioiodinated compound was separated by HPLC. In vitro studies showed that the iodinated levalbuterol was stable for up to 24 h. The biodistribution in experimental animals showed that the lung uptake was 68.18 ± 0.17% at 5 min post injection which decreased with time untilreached to 18.7 ± 0.12% at 2 h which was higher than other recent developed radiopharmaceuticals for lung imaging. The clearance pathways from the mice appear to proceed via both hepatobiliary and renal pathways. Predosing the mice with cold levalbuterol reduced the lung uptake to 20 ± 1.3% and further confirms the high specificity and selectivity of 125I-levalbuterol for the lung.