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Abstract: Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonists attenuate pain and inflammation in preclinical models. This study tested whether systemic delivery of an α7 nAChR agonist attenuates neuropathic pain and associated immune-mediated pro-inflammation. Hind paw response thresholds to mechanical stimuli in male Sprague Dawley rats were assessed before and after sciatic chronic constriction injury (CCI) or sham surgery. Osmotic mini-pumps containing TC-7020, an α7 nAChR selective agonist, were implanted 10 to 14 days after surgery. TC-7020 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/d; s.c.) significantly attenuated CCI-induced allodynia, which lasted through 2 weeks of test compound administration. Spinal cords were collected after 2 weeks and processed for microglial and astrocyte activation markers within the ipsilateral L4-L6 dorsal horn. In addition, ipsilateral L4-5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were processed for neuronal injury and satellite cell activation markers. CCI-induced central glial cell activation markers were not suppressed by TC-7020, even though TC-7020 is mildly blood-brain barrier permeable. However, TC-7020 downregulated the integrated density of activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3) but not the number of ATF positive cells. TC-7020 also downregulated phosphorylated extracellular signal kinase (p-ERK) and satellite cell activation in the CCI-affected DRGs. Therefore, systemic α7 nAChR agonist may be effective in treating neuropathic pain via reducing neuronal injury and immune cells activation occurring in the periphery. Perspective: These studies demonstrated that TC-7020, an alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with partial blood-brain barrier permeability, reversed neuropathic pain in rats, likely via attenuation of inflammation in the DRG and/or the site of sciatic injury. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]