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2 results on '"Mbwana, Joyce"'

1. Prevalence, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia colifrom Domestic Free-Range Poultry in Agogo, Ghana

Author

Akenten, Charity Wiafe, Ofori, Linda Aurelia, Khan, Neyaz Ahmed, Mbwana, Joyce, Sarpong, Nimako, May, Jürgen, Thye, Thorsten, Obiri-Danso, Kwasi, Paintsil, Ellis Kobina, Fosu, Dennis, Philipps, Richard Odame, Eibach, Daniel, Krumkamp, Ralf, and Dekker, Denise

Abstract

Poultry has been suggested as an important source for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria that can lead to difficult-to treat infections in humans. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency, the genetics, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of ESBL-producing Escherichia coliin domestic free-range poultry in Agogo, Ghana. The study was set up and piloted from January 2019 until June 2019. Between June and December 2019, fecal samples (N= 144) were collected from free-roaming chickens from domestic farms in the regions of Sukuumu, Bontodiase, and Freetown and cultured on ESBL screening agar. Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 compact system. ESBL-producing E. coliwere confirmed using the double disk synergy test. Molecular characterization of ESBL-associated genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M) were performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and further sequencing of obtained PCR amplicons. The result showed that 56.2% (n/N= 81/144) of collected fecal samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. Majority of the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (93.8%, n/N= 76/81) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.7, n/N= 54/81), whereas resistance to carbapenems was not found. The majority of ESBL-producing E. colicarried the blaCTX-Mgenes, with blaCTX-M-15being the dominant (95.1%, n/N= 77/81) genotype. In this study, we report high frequencies of ESBL-producing E. coliin smallholder free-range poultry representing a potential source of infection, highlighting the need for control of antibiotic use and animal hygiene/sanitation measures, both important from a One Health perspective.

Published
2023
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2. Transmission of cryptosporidium species among human and animal local contact networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: multi-country study.

Author

Mbwana, Joyce Ra.

Abstract

Background: Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the major causes of diarrhoea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. Even in settings with modern diagnostic facilities, it is estimated that only about 1% of cases are diagnosed and reported. Consequently, in Africa with no advanced diagnostic tools, and lack of awareness Cryptosporidiosis is substantially under recognized, under diagnosed and preventive measures are absent. Objectives: This study traces back Cryptosporidium-positive children to their human and animal contacts to identify transmission networks. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children < 5 years of age with diarrhoea in Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, and Tanzania. Cryptosporidium-positive and -negative initial cases (ICs) were followed to the community, where stool samples from households, neighbours, and animal contacts were obtained. Samples were screened for Cryptosporidium species by immunochromatographic tests and by sequencing the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and further subtyped at the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60). Transmission clusters were identified, and risk ratios (RRs) calculated. Results: Among 1363 paediatric ICs, 184 (13%) were diagnosed with Cryptosporidium species. One hundred eight contact networks were sampled from Cryptosporidium-positive and 68 from negative ICs. Identical gp60 subtypes were detected among 2 or more contacts in 39 (36%) of the networks from positive ICs and in 1 contact (1%) from negative ICs. In comparison to Cryptosporidium-negative ICs, positive ICs had an increased risk of having Cryptosporidium-positive household members (RR, 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7-7.5]) or positive neighbouring children (RR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.6-5.1]), but no increased risk of having positive animals (RR, 1.2 [95% CI, .8-1.9]) in their contact network. Conclusions and recommendations: Cryptosporidiosis in rural sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by infection clusters among human contacts, to which zoonotic transmission appears to contribute only marginally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

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