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Elite and semielite athletes commonly experience mental health concerns and disorders. Compared with men athletes, women athletes are at greater risk of a range of psychological stressors that contribute to health concerns and mental health disorders, which can impact their career satisfaction and longevity. In order to address and improve the mental health of women athletes, it is necessary to simultaneously tackle the gender specific psychosocial stressors that contribute to mental health outcomes. This narrative review examines the gender-specific stressors that affect mental health and well-being in women athletes, some of which are modifiable. Psychosocial stressors identified include exposure to violence, be it psychological, physical or sexual in nature, which can result in a myriad of acute and long-lasting symptoms; and inequities as reflected in pay disparities, under-representation in the media, fewer opportunities in leadership positions and implications associated with family planning and motherhood. Strategies to promote mental health in women athletes should be considered, and where possible, should proactively address gender-specific stressors likely to influence mental health in order to maximise positive outcomes in women athletes.

The paper draws on a recent research project ‘Design at the Heart of Housebuilding’, commissioned by the Scottish Government and undertaken in 2006–7; subsequently published in early 2008. This research focused on the conceptions and practice of design within private sector house developers in Scotland, which is used here as a basis for speculatively exploring opposing values between private sector housing developers and architects in housing design. Drawing initially on reviews of this relationship in the initial mass private sector housing provision in the inter-war period in the UK the paper then compares this with the more recent position as evidenced in the research, two generations later. It identifies and analyses the basis for a perpetuated mutual wariness as a way to understand the potential for change in current trends, and ends by highlighting some examples of alternative collaborations, where the skills and values of architects are more fully articulated with those of developers and manufacturers in innovative housing provision, including forms of mass customisation.

The modern Olympic Games are the world's largest sporting event, drawing more participants and attracting more spectators from more diverse places worldwide than any other sporting competition. The Olympic Games are also significant in that they highlight international competition for sportswomen. However, female Olympians have yet to achieve parity with male Olympians in respect to the number of participants or the number of sporting events. Long excluded from many sports within the Olympic Games, women have not had equal opportunity to pursue the Olympic motto of Citius, Altius, Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger). In this article we extend the now largely accepted political accounts for women's restricted Olympic competition by offering a more nuanced sociological explanation for the slow increase of female participation and evolution of new sport forms in the summer Olympic Games. Our sociological explanation combines the insights of Eleanor Metheny and Pierre Bourdieu concerning the connotations of movement and meaning in sport for females, and highlights the relationship between embodiment and empowerment in sporting practices. We follow John Hargreaves who contends that the body constitutes the "most striking symbol" and "core of sporting activity" as well as "a major site of social struggles" around power and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The facile syntheses and the structures of five new CuIalkynyl clusters, [Cu12(hfac)8(CCnPr)4(thf)6]⋅THF (1), [Cu12(hfac)8(CCtBu)4] (2), [Cu12(hfac)8(CCSiMe3)4] (3), [Cu10(hfac)6(CCtBu)4(diethyl ether)]/[Cu10(hfac)6(CCtBu)3(CCnPr)(diethyl ether)] (4) and [Cu10(hfac)6(CCtBu)4(diethyl ether)] (5) are reported, in which hfacH=1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentan‐2,4‐dione. The first independent molecule found in the crystals of 4(4 a) proved to be chemically identical to 5. The Cu10and Cu12cores in these clusters are based on a central “square” Cu4C4unit. Whilst the connectivities of the Cu10or Cu12units remain identical the geometries vary considerably and depend on the bulk of the alkynyl group, weak coordination of ether molecules to copper atoms in the core and Cu⋅⋅⋅O intramolecular contacts formed between Cu–hfac units on the periphery of the cluster. Similar intermolecular contacts and interlocking of Cu–hfac units are formed in the simple model complex [Cu2(hfac)2(HCCtBu)] (6). When linear alkynes, CnH2n+1CCH, are used in the synthesis and non‐coordinating solvents are used in the workup, further association of the Cu4C4cores occurs and clusters with more than eighteen copper atoms are isolated.

There is no life in Afghanistan. Everyone has died. Even in 100 years I could not regain the life I had before.

The solvent combination N,N,N'N'- tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA)/tributyl phosphate (TBP)/odourless kerosene (OK) is examined as a potential solvent system for a Grouped Actinide Extraction (GANEX) process to separate all of the actinides from fission products when reprocessing spent nuclear fuel. A series of solvent extraction batch experiments were performed with a range of TODGA/TBP/OK solvent combinations to assess the sensitivity of distribution values for a number of key elements towards [TBP] (0 -- 1.1M), [TODGA] (0.1-0.4M), [HNO3] (0.1-5M) and heavy metal loading ([U] 0-200g/l). There is little impact on DAm or DEu across the solvent range and no influence from U loading. Excellent DNp values (> 10) are observed, increasing with increasing [TODGA], with [TBP] having little influence. Such high DNp values may obviate the need for preconditioning of dissolved fuel feeds to control Np routing. High DTc values are found even at 5M HNO3, therefore Tc is expected to remain in the solvent phase. Both Pu(III) and Pu(IV) are readily extracted with DPu(III) > DPu(IV). Uranium is extracted by both TBP and TODGA and TBP is shown to effectively compete with TODGA for uranium coordination sites. Third phase formation occurs at high [U] loading and [HNO3] but is suppressed by increasing [TBP].