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CAMPAIGN FOR GENERAL ELECTIONS INTO THE PRESIDENCY, GUBERNATORIAL, NATIONAL AND STATE ASSEMBLES ARE A 4-YEAR RITUAL IN NIGERIA ORGANIZED BY INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION TO ELECT OR RE- ELECT OUR REPRESENTATIVE AT BOTH STATE AND NATIONAL LEVELS. ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA HAVE OFTEN BEEN CONDUCTED IN AN ATMOSPHERE OF SUSPICION, FEAR AND BRICK BATTING AND SOMETIMES WITH VIOLENCE UNLEASHED ON POLITICAL ASPIRANTS. BECAUSE OF THE ATTENDANT POMP AND PAGEANTRY AND WINNERS TAKEIT-ALL SYNDROME COUPLED WITH OVER BLOATED TAKE- HOME PACKAGES, ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA HAVE OFTEN BEEN REGARDED AS A DO OR DIE AFFAIR. THE MEDIA HAS BEEN TOUTED AS THE FOURTH ESTATE OF THE REALM WITH A LOT OF RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE CONSTITUTION, AND HAS BEEN GUARANTEED FREEDOM TO ACCESS AND DISSEMINATE NEWS UNIMPEDED. THERE IS THE UNDERLYING FEELING THAT THE MEDIA HAS BEEN COMPROMISED AND STOMACH INFRASTRUCTURE IS BEGINNING TO PLAY OUT. OPINIONS ARE BEGINNING TO EMERGE ABOUT THE FRACTIONALIZATION OF THE MEDIA ALONG ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS AND OWNERSHIP DIVIDE, ESPECIALLY AS IT PERTAINS TO 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA. THIS STUDY SEEKS TO FIND OUT THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MEDIA BEARING IN MIND THAT MEDIA PROFESSIONALS HAVE FORE KNOWLEDGE THAT MEDIA THEORIES, MEDIA ETHICS AND THE OBJECTIVITY QUESTION WHICH REQUIRES THAT MEDIA BE IMPARTIAL AND UNBIASED UMPIRES AT ALL TIMES, COME TO THE FRONT BURNER ESPECIALLY IN A SENSITIVE ISSUE AS ELECTIONS. THE STUDY HAS AS ITS SPRINGBOARD THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY AND EMPLOYED DEPTH INTERVIEW OF 10 SEASONED JOURNALISTS/ MEDIA SCHOLARS CONVENIENTLY SELECTED TO FIND OUT THE INTERPLAY OF THEORIES SUCH AS DEVELOPMENT MEDIA THEORY, AGENDA SETTING THEORY AND STATUS CONFERRAL THEORY AND OTHERS ON THE ELECTIONEERING ACTIVITIES OF 4 TELEVISION STATIONS-NIGERIAN TELEVISION AUTHORITY BASED IN ABUJA, CHANNELS TELEVISION, ARISE TELEVISION AND TVC NEWS BASED IN LAGOS. THE STUDY DISCOVERED SUBSTANTIAL NONCOMPLIANCE WITH MEDIA ETHICS AND THE OBJECTIVITY QUESTION. HOWEVER, THERE WAS AN INTERPLAY OF A NUMBER OF MEDIA THEORIES IN THE NUMEROUS ACTIVITIES EMBARKED UPON BY THE MEDIA PERSONNEL IN THE MEDIA HOUSES UNDER SCRUTINY AND RECOMMENDED A SYSTEMATIC PROGRAMMED TRAINING AND RETRAINING FOR ALL MEDIA PERSONNEL FOR A BETTER RE- ORIENTATION AND PROACTIVE PERFORMANCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many people would say that journalism is in crisis. In Australia, we regularly see front pages in our newspapers that show scant regard for the facts and are clearly partisan. Two former prime ministers have called for a Royal Commission into the media. Incursions on media freedom are frequent, and Australia has dropped down the scale on measures of media freedom. Meanwhile, repeated attempts to improve self-regulation have created only cynicism. Meanwhile lawyers, doctors and even builders have professional associations in which industry practice and ethics can be discussed. No such body exists for journalists. Social media contains plenty of criticism of journalism, but most are poorly informed and the profession reacts defensively. In this article, I will argue that some of the ideas about journalism that we teach, and measure the profession against, are not as historically well based as we like to think. Journalism has been many things since the profession was created, not all of them good. Now, though, there is the potential for a conversation with the public about what we want journalism to be. What role might universities play in advancing such a conversation? And what outcomes should we seek? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ljetopis Socijalnog Rada / Annual of Social Work is the property of Pravni Fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Studijski Centar Socijalnog Rada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is to present, discuss and juxtapose the official doctrine of Islam on the subject of social media (mass media). The authors want to answer the following questions: How is the official religious doctrine formed in Islam, and who influences its creation? What is the issue of religious authority in Islam? Does the official religious doctrine of Islam refer directly to the mass media, and if so, how and what practical implications do this result from? Finally - last but not least - to what extent can we speak of Islamic media ethics? According to the authors, the role of the media in the Muslim world is currently strongly dependent on the political, social, economic and cultural context of a given country. The Qu'ran has paramount importance for the theology of media in the Muslim world but understood primarily as an exponent of acting in accordance with God's commands and an indicator of morality in the world of Islam. The implementation of Quranic principles in modern times is subject to the risk of misinterpretation made by man. That is why not every part of the Muslim world accepts theological novelties. Probably, for this reason, ethics remains an extremely important element of Muslim media theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freedom of mass media is taken imperative for self-ruled and self-governed states due to its responsibility of informing and keeping an eye on each nock and corner of the society; however, more freedom asks for more responsibly in return. Resultantly, media ethics serve as an essential guideline and crucial manuscript for respective practitioners to self-control their attitudes and behaviours. The rise and rise of more liberalized media policy in 2002 were a milestone in the history of Pakistan; resultantly, after its media in Pakistan has got more freedom and nuisance recently. In this Research, we interpreted the journalistic principles, such as treatment, neutrality, and impartiality, practiced by the private television media in Pakistan. We wrap up that many pinholes are ongoing in actual media practices as compared to an ethical framework. Our findings recount that the naive private TV news channels are short of some basic expert ethics of journalism and need to perk up and get along them according to given cannons to validate their autonomy and sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new media era, attention has become a scarce resource. Tragic events can quickly arouse the attention of the audience. However, when journalists use new media technology to report tragic news events, there are many problems of media ethics. This paper takes the report of "a 17-year-old boy committed suicide by jumping off a bridge" as an example to analyze the problems in the reporting methods and content of the mainstream media "People's Daily" and "Chengdu Commercial Daily" while using new media technology. The problems include the lack of humanistic care in the reporting method, the lack of rational judgment in the content of the report, and the problem of deliberately amplifying emotional feelings under the attention economy. In the end, specific solutions have been tentatively proposed for these problems, so as to provide reference for journalists when reporting such events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzed the role of media regulatory authorities in Pakistan concerning the sensational news broadcasting. As television is a very important medium of mass communication and due to its audio-visual impact, it has the power to influence the viewers because they believe what they see on television. The presentation of news stories affects the public minds and can mold their opinion positively or negatively about any particular issue or happening as assumed in the theory of social responsibility of media. It is found that the media regulatory authorities have so far failed to implement the ethical code of conduct for the control the violation of ethical standards in television news that it negatively effects the public opinion, national interests and global image of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the curiosity of journalists in West Papua about the notion of human rights. The selection of this theme as a focus of research can be seen as a concern for the role of journalists in the enforcement of human rights. The selection of West Papuan journalists for research departs from the position of journalists as perpetrators of journalism activities. The author has proposed four disciplines of writing news about human rights violations in West Papua: 1) the level of curiosity of the notion of human rights by West Papuan journalists, 2) the intellectual attitude of West Papuan journalists, 3) the terms of reference for practising journalism skills in writing news about human rights violations in West Papua, and 4) news about human rights violations in West Papua. To test the level of curiosity about human rights of West Papuan journalists, the author carried out indepth interviews with Benny Mawel (a journalist with tabloidjubi.com) and Arnold Belau (a journalist with suarapapua.com). The findings are discussed in terms of journalists as professionals. The author argues that that the focus on the notion of human rights in West Papua has begun to diminish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil society and human rights defenders in Papua New Guinea have played an important role in bringing about legislative changes with regard to domestic and sorcery accusation related violence in recent years. Their insights in understanding how to address complex issues at the community level when accusations occur have also proven crucial to keeping people safe and providing processes to hold perpetrators accountable. However, the mainstream media has rarely reported on their stories and included their voices in the reporting of sorcery accusation related violence. They have focused on exposing the problem, often by showcasing the horrific nature of some of the crimes related to accusations, instead of further investigating possible solutions. In this article we explore our work with human rights defenders to capture their experiences around sorcery accusations and violence and provide ways to bring their stories into the mainstream media. In particular, we explore questions around the ethics of representation when it comes to reporting human rights abuses and violence and suggest alternative ways of reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a democratic society the right to freedom of expression is never absolute. However, the setting of limits has always been a point of friction and discussion. The authorising bodies must examine each case set before them and decide whether it constitutes an attempt at unwarranted limitation or, in the opposite case, of misappropriation of that right. This also applies in the case of Journalistic Ethics Commissions, which, on the one hand, are called upon to defend the rights of media practitioners to free expression and, on the other, to protect society from messages with unethical content. In this paper the right of expression is juxtaposed to the need to avoid disseminating messages based on racist hate speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly-changing technology and transforming political situation across the Pacific have seen a noticeable shift towards harsher media legislation as governments facing unprecedented scrutiny try to contain the fallout from social media, citizen journalism and fake news. These developments were at the heart of the discussions at the Pacific Islands News Association's PINA 2018 Summit in Nukualofa, Tonga, in May. The biannual event is the largest gathering of Pacific Islands journalists to contemplate issues of mutual concern, formulate collective responses and chart the way forward. This article reviews this year's meeting, where discussions centred around the opportunities and challenges of the expanding social media sphere, as well as taking a fresh look at some perennial problems, such as corruption, political pressure and gender violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, the media has been assigned the traditional role of surveillance of the environment, correlation of the parts of society in responding to the environment and transmission of the social heritage from one generation to the next.. Newspapers have played an important role in this for centuries and helped public discourse. With the globalization of economy, media houses have come to be corporatized. In India, publishers have entered the equity market, directly or indirectly owning scrips of companies that they are supposed to be watchdog on. Publishers of the largest circulated English daily newspaper which expectedly wields influence with society and the government of the day, enter into private treaties with corporate while officially identifying their editorial chiefs as editor of specific markets. Regional newspapers have followed suit. Political parties have joined the game and enticed the watchdogs with the lure of public offices. Under the circumstances, can the media houses continue to play the role expected of them? This paper looks into the ethical dilemma that good journalism and good journalists face today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University. Humanities & Social Sciences / Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao is the property of Zhejiang University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Media Studies / Studia Medioznawcze is the property of Media Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digitalisierung ist der unumstrittene Megatrend, der mittlerweile alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche - Verkehr, Kommunikation, Arbeit, Bildung usw. - ebenso beeinflusst wie die individuellen Sphären von Freizeit, Unterhaltung etc. Die Konsequenzen dieser vielfältigen Veränderungsprozesse sind noch nicht vollends absehbar und vor allem im Bereich Bildung wird noch unter mehreren Aspekten über die 'richtigen' Konzepte zur Vermittlung der notwendigen Kompetenzen gestritten. Dabei wird gerne übersehen, dass technische Kompetenzen in mehrfacher Hinsicht kaum ausreichen, um die mit der Digitalisierung einhergehenden Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Digitisation is the undisputed megatrend influencing all sectors of society - transport, communication, work, education and so on - as well as the individual spheres of leisure and entertainment etc. The consequences of these manifold changes cannot yet be predicted. Especially in the educational sector the 'right' concepts for imparting the necessary skills are disputed under many aspects. Regrettably it is often ignored that in many respects, technical skills will not suffice to deal with the challenges coming along with digitisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition is the property of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the four standards of medical ethics, Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, Respect for Autonomy and Justice, media ethics of health communication tentatively can be described as Precision, Rationality, Respect, Humanism. There are some problems in the health communication of TV drama and Films, such as exaggeration, lack of humanistic care, excessive commercialization, structuring the stereotype. The present paper analyses the predicament of the health communication of TV drama and Films, and proposes three approaches to break these predicament as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition is the property of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This critical, theoretical paper conceptualizes what determines an ethics for youth media production. Through discussions of media literacy, identity, and multimodality, I attempt to shift the question away from "What are the ethical ways in which youth use media?" toward the question "What are the ethics we have created as media literacy educators within which youth create media?" I assert that we must widen our lens to revision ethics as a complex interplay of definitions of media literacy, representations of youth identities, and understandings of modality as we move toward envisioning what constitutes an ethics of youth media production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacific media freedom has been under siege for more than a decade, particularly since an attempted coup in Fiji in May 2000, when a television station was attacked and ransacked, a foreign journalist was shot and wounded and a local journalist ended up being imprisoned for treason. Since then various Pacific countries, notably Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and Vanuatu have faced various periods of media repression. Since the military coup in December 2006, Fiji has faced arguably its worst sustained pressure on the media since the original two Rabuka coups in 1987. The Bainimarama regime in June 2010 imposed a Media Industry Development Decree that enforced draconian curbs on journalists and restrictive controls on foreign ownership of the press. This consolidated systematic state censorship of news organisations that had been imposed in April 2009 with the Public Emergency Regulations that have been rolled over on a monthly basis ever since. Promised relaxation of state censorship after the imposition of the Decree never eventuated. This research report covers the period 1 July 2010-31 August 2011 and examines the trends in the Pacific region. In addition to Pacific Islands Forum member nations, the report covers the French Pacific territories and the former Indonesian colony of East Timor and current provinces known as West Papua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to analyze a television manipulation act that took place during the Romanian Presidential Campaign in 2009. It is one of the few cases where the manipulation phenomenon, so often subjected to endlessly interpretations, can be analyzed as a result of it's obviousness. In order to classify a media action as a manipulation act it is necessary to know the structure of manipulation: who is manipulating, who is the subject of manipulation, what is the manipulator's intentions, but this analysis is condemned to reach a dead-end - it is very hard to prove, step by step, what are the structural elements that form a manipulation act, without relying on moral judgments. It is the obviousness of this case elements that makes it exemplary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the domestic and regional impact of a punitive media law introduced in Fiji in June. Decree No. 29 of 2010, the Media Industry Development Decree, is the first of its kind in the South Pacific. It brings to an end the tradition of media self-regulation, one of the hallmarks of a free media. All Fiji governments since independence have tried to introduce tougher media laws. The Bainimarama government, which took power in a coup in December 2006, has succeeded where others failed. Its media decree prescribes hefty fines and jail terms for journalists who fall foul of the law. Given the precedent in Fiji, it is unlikely that a future government will move to change this law, which could become a permanent fixture in the country. This article looks at the impact of the law in Fiji and raises the possibility of copycat laws in other island countries where governments distrust media. The article also questions the applicability of conventional journalistic approaches, which place a premium on conflict as a news element, in politically fragile island countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of the media in international conflict, specifically how media contribute to the cycle of humiliation, shame and revenge. The case study focused on Arab media's coverage of the shoe-throwing incident in Iraq, where George W. Bush ducked an Iraqi journalist's shoes thrown during a press conference. The analysis of four Arab newspapers' coverage of the incident found that, while being diverse, Arab media had predominantly framed the incident as a humiliation for President Bush, revenge on the part of Iraqis for the shameful military defeat and the torture in Abu Ghraib prison. The study concludes that news media's obsession with a narrative of humiliation does not help resolve international conflict. With relevance to Arab media, the article argues that independent, free and professional media outlets are more likely to provide 'balanced' coverage that lessens the intense feelings of hurt. Pro-government media are counterproductive in resolving international conflict, the study observes. Increased professionalisation of independent media has the potential to curb the emotional violence generated by 'unprofessional' reporting. Finally, strengthening legal safeguards, updating media ethics frameworks, and more press freedom enhance the potential for a constructive role for the media in international conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently a need to re-analyse the notion of ethical obligation in an increasingly globalised world. This article addresses the issue of moral obligation towards a distant stranger in distress in the context of international crises, and the role of both journalists and media consumers in fulfilling that obligation. Despite an inherent assumption that one should always do 'good', it is quite difficult to define what this means in the face of millions of distant sufferers during a humanitarian crisis,for whom distance, time and resources pose significant barriers to aid. In order to highlight the tensions found in the arguments surrounding global ethical obligations, and the real-world obstacles to both reporting such events and performing moral acts, this article addresses the extreme case of genocide and mass killings in international conflict zones. The article explores this question in three parts. First, the key philosophical arguments regarding ethics and our relationship with a distant other are outlined. Roger Silverstone's (2007) concept of the mediapolis is used to incorporate the role of both the media and the media audience in recognising and acknowledging the distant other. These ideas are then expanded to the case of global humanitarian crises and distant others in distress. The second section narrows the topic, addressing obligation on an individual level, as a member of the media audience, and explores why we do not always perform in an ethical manner. This question is analysed by incorporating behaviour prediction models from the fields of economics and psychology into a discussion of ethical behaviour. Finally, returning to the production side of media, the article begins to outline a framework for print journalists covering international crises to present information in such a way that recognises how the media audience reads and internalises information, and thus promotes moral action from the public by altering the weighting of preferential action that would be predicted by rational choice theory and the theory of planned behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current mediated society, all people expect the mass media should be morally accountable. It's out of question of the rightness of the expectation. Though, at the time when the obligation of the mass media is emphasized, we should be aware of how the current status has come into being, and who or which should be accountability. We must learn about the following. Firstly, the basic function of mass media is information and public supervision. Secondly, the essence of the trivalization of the mass media is that the mass media is catering for the mass. That's to say, it's the mass's trivalization that makes the mass media trival. Finally, the deletion and weakness of relative basic theory in media ethics should be accountable, too. As we know, this kind of deletion and weakness would conduce inability of guidance upon correlative act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assault on the editor of a publication at a South African arts festival by an artist who disliked a review of his concert again highlighted an age-old rift between artists and critics. However, the response that this incident elicited among readers of this and other publications, showed surprising support for the artist rather than for the journalist. If this is read as an indication of a disillusionment among readers with regard to the standards of arts journalism in South Africa, the relationship between arts journalists and society should be re-examined. Ethical journalism rests upon a relationship between journalist and audience, and a sensitivity for the context in which journalism is practised. This article examines arts journalism within changing societal contexts, with a specific focus on the South African situation, where artistic production still bears witness to cultural and ethnic divisions of the past. Against the background of the changes that have occurred in society on a local and global level, it is argued that a re-evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of arts journalists is needed - especially in the light of the formation of new cultural identities after apartheid. In conclusion, an ongoing and in- depth debate about the ethical responsibility of arts journalism is suggested in order to ensure its continued relevance within an increasingly commercialised cultural context on the one hand, and within a changing South African society on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines some of the legal and moral problems that confront the Nigerian press in the post-military autocracy. It reviews and presents a critical analysis of the major threats the Nigerian media face under the current democratic governance that began on May 29, 1999. To mitigate these threats, the author recommends that Nigeria undertake a comprehensive review of its legal framework, with the goal of enacting laws that provide stronger protection for media practitioners, as well as freedom of expression. Further, the other highlights the dangers of unethical behavior on the part of some Nigerian journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents abstracts of articles published in this journal including the necessity of moral choice in journalism, the relationship between media coverage and the success of terrorism and the use of newspapers, magazines, radio, television, film and video by students at the University of Gent.