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Coastal and riverine communities in the United States are largely unprepared for the projected effects of the climate crisis, including more intense storm surges, sea level rise, and increased precipitation. Flooding poses its own hazards, but in recent years, chemical releases triggered by extreme weather, such as hurricanes, have become more frequent, exposing nearby communities to toxic chemicals in the midst of natural disaster. This article reviews the public health implications of chemical releases triggered by extreme weather and provides commentary on possible policy solutions. The Gulf Coast, where there is an abundance of chemical facilities, is particularly vulnerable to these events, one of the latest examples being the August 2020 BioLab chlorine factory fire in Lake Charles, Louisiana, during Hurricane Laura. Low-wealth, Black, and Hispanic communities are disproportionately located near high-risk chemical facilities. The cumulative burden of flooding, toxic chemical releases, and other social stressors borne of systemic racism harms these communities, highlighting a critical environmental injustice. The federal and state governments have failed to develop regulatory safeguards that would prevent chemical releases triggered by extreme storms. State regulators should make facility reporting data available to the public and establish a regulatory regime for aboveground storage tanks. State regulators should also complete an analysis of flood risks to high-risk chemical facilities and impacts on historically disenfranchised communities, require permitted facilities to implement climate-responsive spill preventions practices, and establish a task force that can investigate strategies to prevent climate-driven chemical disaster and engage key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunoexpression analysis of p53 and p21 in congenital cholesteatoma with assessing their exact localization in cholesteatoma layers and the level of expression. P53 and p21 are apoptosis-related molecules that regulate cell cycle. These markers have been not completely evaluated in congenital cholesteatoma, and the role of apoptosis in congenital cholesteatoma is also not completely understood.

To study objective or subjective preoperative factors predicting improvement in listening capabilities and patient satisfaction after stapes surgery in otosclerosis.

The presented article shows the current scientific concept including diagnostics and therapy of otosclerosis with an emphasis on surgical treatment options. The three main proposed causes for otosclerosis are viral and hormonal origin as well as a genetic predisposition. In 25 to 50% a familiar accumulation can be seen. Usually patients become aware of clinical problems by a progressive middle ear hearing loss in the young adulthood. In up to 80% of cases both ear become affected during lifetime. Surgical options of therapy are the stapedotomy, stapedectomy and the laser-assisted stapedotomy. In every case the alternative use of a hearing aid must be offered during the consultation. Typical surgical complications are rare but can be persistent vertigo, secondary facial palsy and a sensorineural hearing loss up to complete single-sided deafness in up to 1% of the cases. The most common finding which necessitates stapes revision surgery is the necrosis of the long incus process with dislocation of the stapes piston.

In this article, we report on a technical refinement of frontal sinus Draf type III drainage, which the senior author developed several years ago. By creating the so called 'Frontal T,' the surgeon is able to gain a better anatomic orientation around the frontal sinus, making it easier to perform a maximal possible opening of the frontal sinus through the endonasal approach. This article describes the surgical steps needed to create the 'Frontal T.' Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we report on a technical refinement of frontal sinus Draf type III drainage, which the senior author developed several years ago. By creating the so called “Frontal T,” the surgeon is able to gain a better anatomic orientation around the frontal sinus, making it easier to perform a maximal possible opening of the frontal sinus through the endonasal approach. This article describes the surgical steps needed to create the “Frontal T.” [Copyright &y& Elsevier]