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Soft computing techniques are now frequently employed in the industrial sector for process parameter modelling and optimization. Soft computing approaches produce good projected values that match the experimental data. In this study, a prediction model for the mechanical parameters of friction-stir-welded AA7068-T6 was established, including microhardness and ultimate tensile strength at the weld nugget. The models were created using the adaptive fuzzy inference system approach. For microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of weld nuggets, the generalized bell membership function yields minimal training g errors of 2.0494 and 0.84327, respectively. To test the expected adaptive fuzzy inference system output, the validation experiment was carried out at a tool rotation speed of 1400 rpm and a welding speed of 60 mm/min. The observed values for ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of the weld nugget obtained after the validation experiment were closer to the expected adaptive fuzzy inference system output.

Caregivers play a significant role in the rehabilitation and recovery of a person with mental illness. The burden among caregivers is high, and they encounter several challenges. The strength based perspective proposes that people who confront stress regularly develop ideas, abilities, qualities, and motivations that may consistently utilizing them in the search for a better life. The present case study discusses the burden and determination of a caregiver for an individual with schizophrenia over thirty years. It was a single-subject research design. The subject represents one of the patient's caregivers from a cohort group of dropout patients. The researcher made home visits twice and collected the data by interviewing the caregiver. Subjective experiences of burden were collected through a qualitative interview guide, and a Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) were used to measure the caregiver burden. The caregiver is a daily wager who has cared for the patient for over 30 years. She had spent a substantial amount towards the spiritual and ritual practices to cure the illness. The BAS score was 83, which shows the caregiver burden to be severe. Being a deserted woman, socio-economic adversities, dealing with the patient's symptomatic behaviour, difficulty in medication management, illness chronicity and minimal improvement, no respite care, and the ageing process of the patient and caregiver led to more burden. The determination factors of the caregiver were having a positive attitude, being nurtured with adversities, family and social obligations, emotional, informational, material and livelihood support of the rural community, skills in utilizing available resources, practicing regular daily routine activities, accepting the challenges, and being involved in social and spiritual deeds. Early identification of illness, continuity of care, and strengthening the caregiver support system, including respite care and community-based mental health services, are essential to address the caregiver burden.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with nanometer thickness have the advantage of a large specific surface area and excellent surface accessibility. They have great potential for adsorption, catalysis, and many other applications. 2D zeolitic silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) can be synthesized through a dual structure directing agent (SDA) strategy. But the materials have been primarily used in their organic-free form. In this work, we demonstrate that the same synthesis strategy is effective for developing amino-acid-anchored 2D SAPOs through a one-step synthesis. Because of the addition of amino acids, the surficial amino and carboxylic groups serve as active sites for adsorption and catalysis. Congo red adsorption is used to evaluate the potential of using the organic functional groups as active adsorption sites. The 2D SAPO materials have demonstrated excellent Congo red removal efficiency with close to complete removal for certain concentrations. The effects of the amino acid concentration and hydrothermal synthesis time on material morphology development will be discussed. Thorough characterization by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and nitrogen adsorption has been done to reveal the properties of the amino-acid-anchored 2D SAPOs.

In this paper, we delve into the intriguing realm of Pseudo-morphic High Electron Mobility Transistors (pHEMTs) composed of InAs/In0.3Al0.7As/InSb/In0.3Al0.7Aslayers, utilizing Silvaco-TCAD for simulation. Our focus centers on the assessment of RF and analog electrical characteristics, with a keen eye on the high-temperature effects. The influence of temperature on device performance is meticulously evaluated in comparison to a reference device operating at room temperature. Traditionally, the critical parameters such as threshold voltage (Vth), transconductance (gm), and Ion/Ioffratio have been calculated within the temperature range spanning from 300 K to 700 K. The primary pHEMT device in our study exhibits impressive attributes, featuring a drain current of 950 mA, a threshold voltage of -1.75 V, a high transconductance (gm) value of 650 mS/mm, an Ion/Ioffratio of 1×106, a transition frequency (ft) soaring to 790 GHz, and a maximum frequency (fmax) reaching a staggering 1.4 THz. However, as we traverse the temperature spectrum, our findings unveil a compelling narrative. The impact of rising temperature is unequivocal, triggering a cascade of transformations within the device. Notably, as the temperature escalates, we observe a noticeable decrease in current, a reduction in transconductance (gm), and a diminishing Ion/Ioffratio. To unravel the intricacies of these temperature-induced effects, we introduce the infusion of Machine Learning (ML) into our analysis.

In this study, the growth, biomass, and bio-constituents of Chroococcussp., Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliellasp., Coelastrella saipanensis, and Chlorellasp. grown in dairy wastewater and fish waste as nutrients were assessed. As both wastes constitute organic and inorganic nutrients, dairy wastes contain proportionately higher amount of K, Na, and sugars than the fish wastes which contains nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and protein as nutrients. Algae grown among different dilutions of wastes showed that medium supplemented with 50% dairy waste significantly increased the growth, biomass, carbohydrates, and protein content in algae such as Chroococcussp., H. pluvialis, C. saipanensis, and Chlorellasp., whereas in Dunaliellasp. by addition of 10% dairy waste showed maximum growth and other bio-constituents, but 50% fish waste used for Chroococcussp., C. saipanensis, and Chlorellasp. growth medium. A total of 25% fish waste used for Dunaliellasp. and H. pluvialis.The enhanced growth and bio-constitute accumulation in microalgae grown using waste nutrients was further confirmed by increased growth observed in nitrogen-depleted waste supplemented medium over control (only medium). Despite increased growth and bio-constituent accumulation in algae grown by waste nutrients, Chroococcussp., H. pluvialis, and Chlorellasp. grown by waste nutrients showing significant decrease in chlorophyll content were found as efficient in absorbing waste nutrients by heterotrophic mode. The Chroococcussp. and Dunaliellasp. grown in dairy waste and Chlorellasp., H. pluvialis, and C. saipanensisgrown in fish waste accumulated intracellular non-polar storage lipids identified through fluorescence study were recognised as suitable biorefinery candidates for lipid sequestration by utilizing waste nutrients, besides high value pigments. This study concludes that dairy and fish wastes are cost-effective nutrient resource for enhanced growth, bio-constituents, lipids, and high values pigments accumulation in microalgae as biorefinery.

Aim:The systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of iron replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 2024. Eligible studies investigating iron replacement therapy in pulmonary hypertension patients were included in the review. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using standardized risk of bias tools. Results:Five studies met the study-eligible criteria and were included for review. Out of all final selected five studies, one was a randomized control trial (RCT), two were non-RCT, and two were observational studies. We observed an improvement in the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) test, iron indices, peak oxygen intake, and anaerobic threshold after the iron replacement. In all included studies, the iron replacement was tolerated well with no serious adverse events. Conclusion:Regardless of the variation in the study design, positive effects were observed on multiple outcome measures like the 6MWD test, cardiopulmonary exercise test parameter, and iron indices upon iron replacement in PH patients with iron deficiency. Further controlled trials are needed to enable better treatment group comparisons. Exploring long-term impacts on comorbidities, mortality, and disease progression would provide valuable insights for managing pulmonary hypertension.

Innovative environments such as fog computing, which offer computation, data management, and other applications at the network edge, are gaining prominence. Fog networks with Wi-Fi offloading determined to be among the most acceptable methods for combating significant data increases in cellular networks. Fog nodes used to relay traffic and computations are situated nearby, making them excellent relay points. So, why networks have grown as rapidly as they have, and it's left its imprint on their performance. On the other hand, fog computing has recently developed to help Content-Centric Networking (CCN) decrease the amount of traffic. It has shown to be an effective method to reduce network latency and process time in industries and traffic. The use of Vehicle to Device technology for transferring network data in the mobile environment is expected to take off, particularly for autonomous cars. This study considers how to balance energy usage and service delay while allocating mobile traffic among vehicle networks. This article proposes a new paradigm for describing users' desire to provide their mobile vehicle resources to the public. The suggested methods are evaluated via comprehensive simulations, using various mobile movement traces. Additionally, Deep learning algorithm with how an online traffic monitoring for training and how important it is to know that train is possible. In conclusion, this methods proved to be better than previous benchmark techniques for fog networks.

Over the past two decades, India’s marine fisheries sector has experienced significant changes. Adopting various technological interventions has brought substantial changes to the everyday social life of fishing communities, affecting their economic and social well-being. This article provides an ethnographic analysis of how modernized fishing practices have impacted the industry and people’s lives. It is also observed how, partly as a result changing marine ecological conditions introduced further coping mechanisms and adaptive livelihood practices in this fishing community, including gender-based changes. This article articulated recent technological innovations which have led to economic and livelihood distress in small-scale fisheries. There should be a balanced and smooth way of shifting towards these modern technologies, not at the cost of their invaluable knowledge systems and practices, which must be included.

Introduction: Treatment non-adherence in mental illness leads to a host of negative consequences, including early mortality. In this context, the present paper ascertains the causes of mortality among persons with mental illness who were non-adherent to their treatment from a community mental health center in India. It is a retrospective research design, and the survey method of sampling was followed. A home visit was carried out, and collateral information was obtained from various sources to ascertain the causes of mortality. A matrix method has been adopted to explain the profile of the mortality persons. In 5 years, out of 178 persons, 9 (5.05%) have died for various reasons. The deceased persons’ average life expectancy was 43.33 ± 14.24 years; 66.7% were male, 44.4% were abandoned or institutionalized by their caregivers, nearly 77.2% had multiple comorbidities, and had not received treatment for both psychiatric and other health conditions. Deterioration of health, heart attack, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suicide, accident, and falling into the water due to seizures were the causes of mortality. Formal and informal community mental health services must be strengthened to ensure treatment adherence and improve the life expectancy of persons with mental illness.

AbstractVitamin D deficiency (VDD) partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality. VDD among African-Americans, diabetics, hypertensive, and aged populations possibly explain the higher death rate, aggravated by cocooning. Vitamin D is pleiotropic, mediating bone metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and immune functions, whereas VDD is associated with inflammatory reactions and immune dysfunction, predisposing individuals to severe infections. Vitamin D modulates innate and adaptive immunity via the expression of genes that code antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). And the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)14, the co-receptor for epidermal toll-like receptor (TLR)4. AMPs stimulate TLR2 in macrophages, increasing the conversion of vitamin D into its active form by cytochrome P450 27B1. Antiviral properties of vitamin D-induced AMPs can shift the polarization of the adaptive immune response from helper T cells (Th)1 to the more regulatory Th2 responses that suppress immune over-reactivity by preventing cytokine storm, which is already demonstrated during the Spanish flu episode. Vitamin D induces antiviral effects by both direct and indirect mechanisms via AMPs, immunomodulation, the interplay between major cellular and viral elements, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, variation of genetic and epigenetic factors. The crosstalk between vitamin D and intracellular signaling pathways may operate as a primary regulatory action on viral gene transcription. VDD may increase the likelihood of infection with enveloped viruses, including retrovirus, hepatitis, and dengue. Global data correlates severe VDD with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, disrupted immune response and mortality, reduced platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time, suggesting benefits from supplementation.Key teaching pointsVitamin D induces antiviral effects by direct and indirect mechanisms via AMPs, immunomodulation, induction of autophagy, etc.Epidemiology of VDD partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality.Global data correlates severe VDD with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, disrupted immune response and mortality, reduced platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time, together suggesting benefits from supplementation.Many clinical trials are underway globally to delineate the role of vitamin D in both prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Single nucleotide exact amplicon sequence variants (ASV) of the human gut microbiome were used to evaluate if individuals with a depression phenotype (DEPR) could be identified from healthy reference subjects (NODEP). Microbial DNA in stool samples obtained from 40 subjects were characterized using high throughput microbiome sequence data processed via DADA2 error correction combined with PIME machine-learning de-noising and taxa binning/parsing of prevalent ASVs at the single nucleotide level of resolution. Application of ALDEx2 differential abundance analysis with assessed effect sizes and stringent PICRUSt2 predicted metabolic pathways. This multivariate machine-learning approach significantly differentiated DEPR (n= 20) vs. NODEP (n= 20) (PERMANOVA P< 0.001) based on microbiome taxa clustering and neurocircuit-relevant metabolic pathway network analysis for GABA, butyrate, glutamate, monoamines, monosaturated fatty acids, and inflammasome components. Gut microbiome dysbiosis using ASV prevalence data may offer the diagnostic potential of using human metaorganism biomarkers to identify individuals with a depression phenotype.

The spray coating technique is used in this study to spread a thin layer of nanoparticle on a large flat substrate. The proposed spray coating techniques has a great potential for large scale productions, as these techniques have no restrictions on the substrate size and low utilization of the process parameters. In this study, a simple airbrush spray coating technique is used to deposit the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on copper substrates with a decent deposition control. The microstructures, surface roughness, and wettability of the coated substrates were tested and compared with the pure copper substrates. The MWCNTs coated copper substrates exhibits a significant enhancement of the mechanical properties compared to the normal surface. The thickness of the copper substrates increases with increase in coating weight concentrations, the maximum thickness 1.43 microns achieved at 0.4 wt. % of MWCNTs. The usage of copper and MWCNTs based thin film signifies a inspiring but possibly a sustaining chance for developing the future generation heat transfer materials

This work investigates the mitotic stage-dependent mobility of fission yeast actomyosin ring proteins in the cytokinetic ring using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. It reveals a cell cycle–dependent mobility change in the F-BAR protein Cdc15.

This experimental study is devoted to characterization, corrosion behavior effect of temperature and inhibition on AA 6351 frictional surfaced mild steel substrate (IS2062) by controlling the process parameters like spindle speed, traverse speed and axial load. The developed samples were analyzed using SEM, EDAX and XRD techniques. Corrosion resistivity of the coated samples were studied in the presence of 1 N acidic, basic and 1 M salt corrosive environments for 48 h by weight loss method. Based on the weight loss results, the samples were further investigated to confirm the effect of temperature interface by heating the samples gradually from 300 °C to 600 °C and good binding nature was exposed on the coated materials. EDAX confirmed the alloy components at 1.50, 6.38, 6.42 and 7.04 keV. Similarly, XRD confirmed the peak of base and coated metals components at 38.5, 44, 55.10, 78.3, 82.4, 99.03, 112.13, and 116.66 respectively. Corrosion inhibition of selected samples for 48 h was examined. The results were tabulated and recorded after thorough analysis. It was observed that the inhibition efficiency is found to be moderate for cowries when compared to tamarind seeds in sodium chloride solution based on the conductance study.

This manuscript investigates cytokinesis in fission yeast spheroplasts and reports that the extracellular matrix inhibits division site ingression and that new septum synthesis relieves this inhibition. The work also shows the importance of the actomyosin ring and membrane secretion in spheroplast division.

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages. This treatment failure was revealed by many studies and levodopa treatment became ineffective or toxic in chronic stages of PD. Early diagnosis and neuroprotective agents may be a suitable approach for the treatment of PD. The essentials required for early diagnosis are biomarkers. Characterising the striatal neurons, understanding the status of dopaminergic pathways in different PD stages may reveal the effects of the drugs used in the treatment. This review updates on characterisation of striatal neurons, electrophysiology of dopaminergic pathways in PD, biomarkers of PD, approaches for success of neuroprotective agents in clinical trials. The literature was collected from the articles in database of PubMed, MedLine and other available literature resources.

This work reveals an in vivo role for Myosin II in actin dynamics, potentially in its disassembly and turnover. The work uses double mutant analysis to arrive at this conclusion using the fission yeast as a model organism.

Background: Bile duct injury (BDI) is an uncommon but major complication of cholecystectomy that has a poorly defined magnitude of effect on hospital costs. This study sought to calculate the healthcare costs, length of stay, and discharge status associated with bile duct injury in patients undergoing cholecystectomy in the United States. Methods: The Premier Healthcare Database, which comprises hospital-billing records from over 700 hospitals in the United States, was queried for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy between January 2010 and March 2018. BDI was defined by ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and operative information were extracted. Hospital costs, length of stay, and discharge status were compared between BDI and non-BDI patients. Propensity score matching was used to minimize confounding factors. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate the association between BDI and the outcomes variables. Results: A total of 1,168,288 cholecystectomies were identified. BDI occurred in 878 patients (0.08%). Laparoscopy was the most common approach (> 95%). The majority of BDI occurred during inpatient admissions (71.0%). BDI patients had higher index admission hospital costs ($18,771 vs. $12,345, p&lt; 0.0001), increased rate of discharge to an institutional post-acute care facility (odds ratio 3.89, 95% CI 2.92–5.19, p&lt; 0.0001), and increased risk of readmission within 30 days after discharge (odds ratio 1.86, 95% CI 1.52–2.28, p &lt; 0.0001), compared to patients without BDI. Among inpatient cholecystectomies, BDI was associated with increased length of stay (8.6 days vs. 4.8 days, p&lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: BDI is associated with significantly increased hospital costs, length of stay, 30-day readmission, and discharge to an institutional post-acute care facility.

The object face liveness detection for genuine face recognition and user authentication is a difficult task and day to day it becoming an interesting tricky in real time vision and security applications. Since many decades, various authors have proposed new technique and methods and developed but still the system has to improve to recognise the genuine object faces from spoofing objects with increasing in accuracy. However, in account of existing methods were fails in finding of genuine objects from sample objects and individual differences between them. The ordinary classifier cannot simplifies well to various kind of objects in different directions especially in case of blur images. In order to overcome his problem, we proposed an object-specific face authentication system for liveness detection using combined feature descriptors with fuzzy-based SVM classifier, allows to select specific area from whole object, extract features from specific area of object leads reduction in processing time and complexity in feature extraction. Later the system recognise respective faces, finally it checks for live objects with the help of fuzzy logic-based SVM classifier. With these proposed system, makes it practical to train well performed individual object to its certain face with liveness detection and achieved improvement in performance and accuracy.

Cloud computing, a recently emerged paradigm faces major challenges in achieving the privacy of migrated data, network security, etc. Too many cryptographic technologies are raised to solve these issues based on identity, attributes and prediction algorithms yet; these techniques are highly prone to attackers. This would raise a need of an effective encryption technique, which would ensure secure data migration. With this scenario, our proposed methodology Efficient Probabilistic Public Key Encryption (EPPKE) is optimized with Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategies (CMA-ES). It ensures data integrity through the Luhn algorithm with BLAKE 2b encapsulation. This enables an optimized security to the data which is migrated through cloud. The proposed methodology is implemented in Open Stack with Java Language. It achieves better results by providing security compared to other existing techniques like RSA, IBA, ABE, PBE, etc.

ABSTRACTHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important health issue across the world. With 4% to 7% prevalence of HBV, India is designated as an intermediate endemic country. However, HBV prevalence is significantly high in some pockets of the country, especially among tribal populations. HBV prevalence and associated risk factors in residents of far-flung two Himalayan valleys, Lahaul and Spiti of Himachal Pradesh (HP), were estimated. This was a community-based cross-sectional study. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using ELISA. Data was collected in a predesigned semi-structured format. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors were done using software SPSS 25. Samples from 1,327 individuals residing in 32 villages were tested, of these 141 (10.6%) were found positive for HBsAg. High prevalence (17.2%) of HBV was recorded in Spiti valley but not in Lahaul valley (3.1%). Both sexes were equally affected. Positivity was higher in adults than in children. High risk sexual behavior (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1–3.6), having an HBV positive person in the family (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.4–4.3), being a student (OR: 11.2; 95% CI 3.9–32.1) and preacher (OR = 9.0; 95% CI: 3.6–22.4) were the most prominent risk factors associated with HBsAg positivity. Mass immunization for HBV along with information, education, communication and behavior change communication for curtailing risk behavior for avoiding risk factors is essential in the area.

High-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete (HSSFRC) is used as a structural material and has immense importance in today’s scenario. Flexural behavior of HSSFRC with a characteristic compressive strength of 60 MPa using hooked-end fiber is presented in this paper. To study the structural behavior, a total of 20 beams of size 150 mm × 250 mm × 3000 mm with various percentages of steel fiber were cast and tested under static and cyclic loading. The results revealed that use of steel fibers enhanced the properties such as ductility, energy absorption capacity and stiffness degradation of concrete. In order to predict the number of cycles to failure, parameters such as failure deflection, cyclic ductility and cumulative energy absorption capacity of the specimens were considered under cyclic loading. It was assessed that the mixture with 1% steel fiber yielded better values in terms of strength criteria and modulus of elasticity at all the ages of concrete. Ultimate load carrying capacity of HSSFRC was found to be higher than the control concrete.