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A new cerium(III)-based coordination polymer, [Ce(HCOO)(2,5-pydc)] (where 2,5-pydc = 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate), 1, has been fruitfully synthesized using the solvothermal method. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study established the three-dimensional structure of compound 1. Ce3+ions are in a tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. The phase purity of 1has been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and IR spectroscopic studies. Aqueous dispersion of compound 1gives a luminescence emission at 350 nm upon excitation at 270 nm. We have observed a 17 nm shift in emission spectra in the presence of two amino acids (AAs), e.g., l-lysine (Lys) and l-arginine (Arg), in an aqueous medium. The compound also displays huge luminescence turn-on behavior in the presence of Lys and Arg with high sensitivity. The limits of detections are 0.72 and 1.03 μM for Lys and Arg, respectively. The selectivity experiments show that the detection of these AAs is highly selective in the presence of other AAs. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) studies show that the excited-state lifetime increases with the increase in addition of AAs. Detailed experimental studies propose that the superior interaction of basic AAs with CP is probably favored by the positive charge on these two amino acids.

Recently, various nanomaterials based on hydroxyapatite (HAp) have been developed for bioimaging applications. In particular, HAp doped with rare-earth elements has attracted significant attention, owing to its enhanced bioactivity and imaging properties. In this study, the wet precipitation method was used to synthesize HAp codoped with Yb and Gd. The synthesized Ybx-Gdx-HAp nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized via various techniques to analyze the crystal phase, functional groups, thermal characteristics, and particularly, the larger surface area. The IR783 fluorescence dye and a folic acid (FA) receptor were conjugated with the synthesized Ybx-Gdx-HAp NPs to develop an effective imaging contrast agent. The developed FA/IR783/Yb-Gd-HAp nanomaterial exhibited improved contrast, sensitivity, and tumor-specific properties, as demonstrated by using the customized LUX 4.0 fluorescence imaging system. An in vitro cytotoxicity study was performed to verify the biocompatibility of the synthesized NPs using MTT assay and fluorescence staining. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was also applied to determine the photosensitizer properties of the synthesized Ybx-Gdx-HAp NPs. Further, reactive oxygen species generation was confirmed by Prussian blue decay and a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate study. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the efficiency of Ybx-Gdx-HAp NP-supported PDT.

Our understanding of nerve regeneration can be enhanced by delineating its underlying molecular activities at single-neuron resolution in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans. Existing cell isolation techniques cannot isolate neurons with specific regeneration phenotypes from C. elegans. We present femtosecond laser microdissection (fs-LM), a single-cell isolation method that dissects specific cells directly from living tissue by leveraging the micrometer-scale precision of fs-laser ablation. We show that fs-LM facilitates sensitive and specific gene expression profiling by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), while mitigating the stress-related transcriptional artifacts induced by tissue dissociation. scRNA-seq of fs-LM isolated regenerating neurons revealed transcriptional programs that are correlated with either successful or failed regeneration in wild-type and dlk-1 (0)animals, respectively. This method also allowed studying heterogeneity displayed by the same type of neuron and found gene modules with expression patterns correlated with axon regrowth rate. Our results establish fs-LM as a spatially resolved single-cell isolation method for phenotype-to-genotype mapping.

ABSTRACTPIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have emerged as important gene regulators in recent times. Since the release of our first version of piRNAQuest in 2014, lots of novel piRNAs have been annotated in different species other than human, mouse and rat. Such new developments in piRNA research have led us to develop an updated database piRNAQuest V.2. It consists of 92,77,689 piRNA entries for 25 new species of different phylum along with human, mouse and rat. Besides providing primary piRNA features which include their genomic location, with further information on piRNAs overlapping with repeat elements, pseudogenes and syntenic regions, etc., the novel features of this version includes (i) density based cluster prediction, (ii) piRNA expression profile across various healthy and disease systems and (iii) piRNA target prediction. The concept of density-based piRNA cluster identification is robust as it does not consider parametric distribution in its model. The piRNA expression profile for 21 disease systems including cancer have been hosted in addition to 32 tissue specific piRNA expression profile for various species. Further, the piRNA target prediction section includes both predicted and curated piRNA targets within eight disease systems and developmental stages of mouse testis. Further, users can visualize the piRNA-target duplex structure and the ping-pong signature pattern for all the ping-pong piRNA partners in different species. Overall, piRNAQuest V.2 is an updated user-friendly database which will serve as a useful resource to survey, search and retrieve information on piRNAs for multiple species. This freely accessible database is available at http://dibresources.jcbose.ac.in/zhumur/pirnaquest2.

The present analysis aims to develop a new mathematical model describing hydro-mechanical interaction based on the nonlocal theory proposed by Eringen for a poroelastic half-space. The bounding plane of the porous medium is subjected to prescribed mechanical and thermal loading. The heat transport law for the problem is governed within a sliding interval in the context of memory dependent Dual-phase lag model. Incorporating the normal mode analysis, the solutions of the field quantities have been derived and also have been depicted graphically. Through the discussion of the computational results and the graphical representations, significant effects of the effective parameters such as nonlocal parameter, time-delay has been studied. How the selection of various kernel function reflects in the distribution of the thermophysical quantities have also been reported. A complete and comprehensive analysis is also done to conclude the superiority of a nonlinear kernel over the linear kernel functions of the heat transport equation.

ABSTRACTThe recent discovery of long non-coding RNA as a regulatory molecule in the cellular system has altered the concept of the functional aptitude of the genome. Since our publication of the first version of LncRBase in 2014, there has been an enormous increase in the number of annotated lncRNAs of multiple species other than Human and Mouse. LncRBase V.2 hosts information of 549,648 lncRNAs corresponding to six additional species besides Human and Mouse, viz. Rat, Fruitfly, Zebrafish, Chicken, Cow and C.elegans. It provides additional distinct features such as (i) Transcription Factor Binding Site (TFBS) in the lncRNA promoter region, (ii) sub-cellular localization pattern of lncRNAs (iii) lnc-pri-miRNAs (iv) Possible small open reading frames (sORFs) within lncRNA. (v) Manually curated information of interacting target molecules and disease association of lncRNA genes (vi) Distribution of lncRNAs across multiple tissues of all species. Moreover, we have hosted ClinicLSNP within LncRBase V.2. ClinicLSNP has a comprehensive catalogue of lncRNA variants present within breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer inferred from 561 RNA-Seq data corresponding to these cancers. Further, we have checked whether these lncRNA variants overlap with (i)Repeat elements,(ii)CGI, (iii)TFBS within lncRNA loci (iv)SNP localization in trait-associated Linkage Disequilibrium(LD) region, (v)predicted the potentially pathogenic variants and (vi)effect of SNP on lncRNA secondary structure. Overall, LncRBaseV.2 is a user-friendly database to survey, search and retrieve information about multi-species lncRNAs. Further, ClinicLSNP will serve as a useful resource for cancer specific lncRNA variants and their related information. The database is freely accessible and available at http://dibresources.jcbose.ac.in/zhumur/lncrbase2/.

Deep learning (DL) is becoming more popular as a useful tool in various scientific domains, especially in chemistry applications. In the infrared spectroscopy field, where identifying functional groups in unknown compounds poses a significant challenge, there is a growing need for innovative approaches to streamline and enhance analysis processes. This study introduces a transformative approach leveraging a DL methodology based on transformer attention models. With a data set containing approximately 8677 spectra, our model utilizes self-attention mechanisms to capture complex spectral features and precisely predict 17 functional groups, outperforming conventional architectures in both functional group prediction accuracy and compound-level precision. The success of our approach underscores the potential of transformer-based methodologies in enhancing spectral analysis techniques.

This paper is concerned with the influence of memory-dependent heat transport law on rotating thermoelastic medium with voids via three-phase-lag. The entire pervious medium is rotating with a invariant angular haste, where the bounding airplane is subordinated to a thermal shock and is free of tractions. By employing the normal mode analysis, the exact expressions for the displacement components, stresses, temperature distribution and change in volume fraction field have been depicted graphically in the presence and the absence of gyration and memory-dependent outgrowth. The effect of the voiding is also bandied in the literature review.

Nanotechnology is an emerging outlet of nanoscience in which the atoms are encompassed in nanoscale dimensions and become more receptive compared with their distinctive counterparts. Recently, the utilization of synthetic designs and physicochemical approaches has received special attention; nevertheless, the generation of noxious impressions on the eco-system has raised serious concerns of the scientific community worldwide. Presently, environment-friendly green synthesis routes are promising venues for the arrangement of Metal/Metal Oxide (M/MO) nanostructured materials by using plants and their corresponding alliances. This revolution is predominantly recompensing as far as the reduction of toxic emissions and wastes is concerned. Accordingly, material scientists have adopted various renewable naturally-occurring eco-friendly materials, and biogenic processes to fabricate the functional M/MO nanostructured materials. The current review article recapitulates and assimilates the present state of knowledge on different strategies for biogenic fabrication of M/MO nanostructured materials.

A new, three-dimensional cadmium based metal–organic framework [Cd3(PDA)1(tz)3Cl(H2O)4]·3H2O {PDA = 1,4-phenylenediacetate and tz = 1,2,4-triazolate}, 1, has been successfully synthesized using slow diffusion method at room temperature. The structure of compound 1has been determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The triazolate ligands connect three different types of octahedral Cd2+ions to form a two-dimensional structure. The chloride ion and PDA ligands connect the two-dimensional layers to form a three-dimensional structure. The phase purity of 1was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and IR spectroscopy. Aqueous dispersion of compound 1gives intense luminescence emission at 290 nm upon excitation at 225 nm. This emission was used for the luminescence based detection of pesticides, especially azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, and parathion in aqueous medium. The selectivity of pesticide detection remains unaltered even in the presence of surfactant molecules. The mechanisms of luminescence quenching were successfully explained by the combination of absorption of excitation light, resonance energy transfer, and the possibility of electron transfer. Experimental findings are also well supported by the density functional theory calculations. Selectivity of pesticides detection in real samples such as apple and tomato juice has also been observed.

Maternal RNAs are stored from minutes to decades in oocytes throughout meiosis I arrest in a transcriptionally quiescent state. Recent reports, however, propose a role for nascent transcription in arrested oocytes. Whether arrested oocytes launch nascent transcription in response to environmental or hormonal signals while maintaining the meiosis I arrest remains undetermined. We test this by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, RNA velocity, and RNA fluorescence in situhybridization on C. elegansmeiosis I arrested oocytes. We identify transcripts that increase as the arrested meiosis I oocyte ages, but rule out extracellular signaling through ERK MAPK and nascent transcription as a mechanism for this increase. We report transcript acquisition from neighboring somatic cells as a mechanism of transcript increase during meiosis I arrest. These analyses provide a deeper view at single-cell resolution of the RNA landscape of a meiosis I arrested oocyte and as it prepares for oocyte maturation and fertilization.

To evaluate the inhomogeneity of the solvation environment at the air/water interface, we quantitatively analyzed the shape of the electronic spectra at the air/water interface for the first time. We measured the interface-selective electronic χ(2)(second-order nonlinear susceptibility) spectra of solvatochromic coumarin molecules at the air/water interface by heterodyne-detected electronic sum frequency generation (HD-ESFG) spectroscopy. The observed imaginary χ(2)(Im[χ(2)]) spectra were well reproduced by the convolution of a line shape function with a Gaussian distribution of a frequency shift, which enabled us to quantitatively determine the peak position and bandwidth of the Im[χ(2)] spectra. The effective polarity of the air/water interface, which was determined by the peak position, was found to be dependent on each coumarin, which agreed with our previous homodyne-detected ESFG study. Interestingly, the spectra at the air/water interface showed substantially broader bandwidths than those in equally polar bulk solvents or even bulk water, indicating that the solvation environment at the air/water interface is more inhomogeneous than that in bulk solvents. At the air/water interface, the stabilization energy of the solvation not only changes with the change of the position and orientation of the surrounding solvents but also varies with the change of the position and orientation of the solute at the interface. We consider that this unique situation arising from the anisotropy along interface normal brings about a broader distribution of the stabilization energy of solvation at the air/water interface. The present work showed that the air/water interface provides a more inhomogeneous solvation environment than equally polar bulk solvents because of this broader distribution of the local solvation structure at the interface.

Ultrafast chemical dynamics in a nano-confined system is very different from that in a bulk liquid. In this account, we give an overview on recent femtosecond study on dynamics of ultrafast chemical processes in the nanocavity of a biological system. Dynamics in a biological system crucially depends on the location of the fluorescent probe. We show that one can study solvation dynamics in different regions (i.e. spatially resolve) by variation of the excitation wavelength. We discuss two interesting cases of how structure affects dynamics. First, solvation dynamics of two protein folding intermediates of cytochrome cis found to be differ significantly in the ultrafast initial part (< 20 ps). Second, methyl substitution of the OH group in a cyclodextrin is shown to slow down the initial part of solvation dynamics quite dramatically. The most interesting observation is the discovery of the ultraslow component of solvation dynamics which is 100–1000 times slower compared to bulk water. The electron- and proton-transfer processes in a nano-confined system are found to be markedly retarded because of slow solvation and structural constraints. Close proximity of the reactants in a confined system is expected to accelerate dynamics of bi-molecular processes. This is illustrated by ultrafast fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in ˜1 ps time scale between a donor and an acceptor in a micelle. Finally, it is demonstrated that the decay of fluorescence anisotropy provides structural information (e.g. size of a cyclodextrin inclusion complex) and may be used to detect formation of a nano-aggregate.

The dependence of fluorescence and solvation dynamics of coumarin 480 (C480) in a dimyristoyl–phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicle on excitation wavelength (λex) was studied with femtosecond fluorescence upconversion. The study revealed an ultrafast 1.5‐ps component of solvation that was not detected earlier. C480 exhibits pronounced red‐edge excitation shift (REES) by 10 nm in a DMPC vesicle. This is due to the microheterogeneity of the lipid vesicle. In lipids, the probe is distributed in different locations with varying static and dynamic electrostatic responses. Solvent relaxation becomes faster and the amount of dynamic Stokes shift decreases with increasing λex. For excitation at the red end (λex=430 nm), the solvation time was found to be 1.5 ps. However, for excitation at the blue end, (λex=390 nm), there are two substantially slower components of 250 and 2000 ps. It seems that for λex=390 nm, the major contribution to total emission is due to the probe (C480) molecules in the hydrophobic and restricted locations inside the lipid bilayer. Excitation at 430 nm preferentially selects the probe molecules in a highly mobile environment (water pool of the lipid).

Modeling and understanding heat transport and temperature variations within biological tissues and body organs are key issues in medical thermal therapeutic applications, such as hyperthermia cancer treatment. In this analysis, the bio-heat equation has been studied in the context of a new formulation using Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) heat transport law. The heat equation for this problem involving the Three-Phase (3P)-lag model under two-temperature theory. The Laplace transform technique is implemented to solve the governing equations. The influences of the CF order, the two-temperature parameter and moving heat source velocity on the temperature of skin tissues have been precisely investigated. The numerical inversion of the Laplace transform is carried out using the Zakian method. The numerical outcomes of conductive temperature and thermodynamic temperatures have been represented graphically. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated for identification of appropriate procedure to select different CF order to reach effective heating in hyperthermia treatment. Significant effect of thermal therapy is reported due to the effect of CF order, the two-temperature parameter and the velocity of moving heat source as well.

Bone tissue engineering is the technology of healing bone defects in critical clinical conditions using functional tissue-engineering substitutes. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), as a biomaterial, received extensive attention for biomedical applications in the last 15 years. HAp has been utilized systematically as a filling material for bone defects, artificial bone grafting, and as a scaffold material in prosthesis revision surgery. In this brief review, we discuss on the fundamental aspects of porous HAp scaffolds, which define their utility in bone-tissue engineering and orthopedic drug delivery applications. The review contains six sections. Section 1 provides a brief introduction on tissue engineering, history of using bio-ceramics in tissue engineering, and the present state-of-the-art scenario of tissue engineering. In section 2, we provide a brief survey of biomaterials of different kinds utilized for tissue engineering. Section 3 provides a brief review on conventional scaffold fabrication techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. In section 4, the essential physio-chemical and biological cues to the development of HAp scaffolds and their compatibility with the surrounding cells and tissues, along with their application potentials for drug loading and site-specific drug releasing are discussed. Sections 5 & 6 provide the prospects of HAp scaffolds in biomedical applications, and conclusions, respectively.