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Purpose: To report cases that showed partition-like, dark areas in the cone mosaic on adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) images in eyes with inner nuclear layer (INL) microcystic changes. Methods: Eyes with INL microcystic changes were imaged by prototype AO-SLO. Results: An eye with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, an eye with traumatic optic neuropathy, and an eye with retinitis pigmentosa that showed microcystic lesions in the INL were imaged by AO-SLO. The images revealed characteristic, dark, partition-like lesions in the cone mosaic of all the eyes in areas where microcystic changes in the INL were shown by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The AO-SLO findings in eyes with optic neuropathy were quite similar in shape and size to those seen in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. Conclusion: We report cases that manifest dark, partition-like areas in the cone mosaic on AO-SLO images. Microcystic lesions in the INL may affect the images of the cone mosaic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess changes in the posterior vitreous caused directly by phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens, using the enhanced vitreous swept-source optical coherence tomography system (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). Methods: Consecutive patients with cataract without posterior vitreous detachment were enrolled. Swept-source optical coherence tomography examinations were performed 1 day before and several days after surgery, using enhanced vitreous visualization. We compared preoperative and postoperative posterior vitreous status and measured the distance between the internal limiting membrane and the posterior vitreous membrane at 26 locations at the posterior pole. Results: Images of 33 eyes (21 patients) could be analyzed. The perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment was not extended in any eyes, and the internal limiting membrane to posterior vitreous membrane distance before and after surgery did not differ at any location measured (P = 0.071–1.000). The posterior precortical vitreous pocket was dilated in three eyes. Age, gender, axial length, preoperative visual activity, nuclear sclerosis, duration of surgery, and duration between surgery and swept-source optical coherence tomography did not differ between the dilated vitreous pocket group (n = 3) and the unchanged group (n = 30). Conclusion: The height of the posterior vitreous membrane remained unchanged after surgery, although the posterior precortical vitreous pocket was dilated in three patients. Cataract surgery procedures seem to have little influence on the posterior vitreous membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether the decorrelation stretching method can be used to reveal hidden information in color fundus photographs. Methods: Five healthy subjects and 16 patients diagnosed with various eye diseases (five eyes with an epiretinal membrane, five eyes with geographic atrophy, five eyes with glaucoma, and one eye with pit-macular syndrome). Fundus photographs, obtained using a TRC-NW8F Plus Mydriatic/Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera, were used for analyses, and the corresponding lesions were confirmed by other imaging modalities. Decorrelation stretching was performed using ImageJ. Results: The decorrelation stretching method successfully enhanced color fundus photographs. In eyes with epiretinal membrane, retinal folds, and the irregular reflex of the macula were markedly enhanced. In eyes with geographic atrophy, the area of the retinal pigment epithelium atrophy was clearly delineated after decorrelation stretching. Images of a laminar defect and nerve fiber layer defect were emphasized in glaucoma. In pit-macular syndrome, the pit was enhanced as minor color changes in the disk rim. Conclusion: The decorrelation stretching method has the potential to reveal hidden information in a color fundus photograph. Decorrelation stretching can be a powerful tool in a clinical setting in which only color fundus photography is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Retinal and optic disc perfusion in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is incompletely understood. Our aim was to investigate the characteristics of the microvascular structures at the peripapillary area and optic disc, and their associations with retinal structure and function in patients with NAION. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational case series study. Thirty-four eyes, consisting of 15 NAION eyes and 19 normal eyes, were included. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography was used to measure the vessel densities in the peripapillary superficial retina and whole-depth mode inside the optic disc. Measurement of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness was performed using OCT. Sectorial division analysis of cpRNFL was performed by eliminating the influences of the difference in disc rotation between OCT images and OCT angiography images. Results: The vessel densities of peripapillary retina and inside the optic disc were significantly reduced in the NAION compared to the normal (both P <, 0.001). Both the severity of visual field defect and cpRNFL thinning were significantly associated with the peripapillary vessel density (P = 0.006, P = 0.046), but not with the optic disc vessel density (P = 0.981, P = 0.856). cpRNFL and peripapillary vessel density showed reduction predominantly in the superior sectors, corresponding to the visual field defect. However, the correlations showed discrepancy of the sectors. Conclusions: The microvascular structures in the peripapillary retina and optic disc were reduced, but the cpRNFL thinning was associated with vessel density only in the peripapillary retina, indicating that the vessel densities in the peripapillary retina and optic disc may be differently affected in the pathological process of NAION. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]