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Post-stroke dysphagia is highly prevalent and causes complication. While video games have demonstrated potential to increase patient engagement in rehabilitation, their efficacy in stroke patients with dysphagia remains unclear. This aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence-based video-game (AI-VG) intervention in improving swallowing function among stroke patients with dysphagia. A prospective, single blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in a rehabilitation hospital from October 2023 to July 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to either the AI-VG system group or the usual care group. All participants received training for 30 min per session per day, five times per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was change in swallowing function from baseline (T0) to post-intervention (T1) and 1 month follow-up (T2). Secondary outcomes included changes in laryngeal function, oral intake function, nutritional status, and swallowing-related quality of life. The adherence, satisfaction, and acceptance of the two groups were evaluated. Changes in outcomes over time were compared using generalized estimating equation modeling. A total of 84 participants (AI-VG group = 42, age = 65.00 ± 9.70 years, 57.10 % male; usual care group = 42, age = 66.40 ± 13.10 years, 69.00 % male) were included in this study. Compared with the usual care group, the AI-VG group showed significantly improved swallowing function, with a mean group difference of 4.02 (95 % CI = from −6.16 to −1.89, P < 0.001) at T1 and 4.14 (95 % CI = from −6.16 to 2.12, P < 0.001) at T2. Oral intake function, nutritional status, and swallowing-related quality of life improved significantly (P < 0.001 for overall group × time interaction). Adherence was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (median [IQR], 18.00 [17.00–20.00] vs. 16.00 [15.00–17.00], P < 0.001). The intervention group had higher levels of acceptance and satisfaction of AI-VG (103.00 [100.50–104.00] and 73.00 [72.00–74.00], respectively). No significant difference was observed in laryngeal function (P > 0.05). The AI-VG intervention is an effective method for enhancing swallowing function in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Future validation through multicenter, large-sample RCTs are warranted to confirm the findings and explore broader clinical applications. ClinicalTrials. Gov Identifier: NCT05978700, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05978700. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of functional jejunal interposition (FJI) and simple jejunal interposition (SJI) as reconstruction methods following total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The study assessed primary endpoints such as nutritional status and quality of life, as well as secondary endpoints including operative time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative and postoperative complications, and survival rate. A total of 113 patients were randomly assigned to either the FJI group or the SJI group. Surgical procedures were performed according to the allocated group. Nutritional status was evaluated based on plasma nutritional parameters, weight loss, and the nutritional assessment index (NAI). Quality of life was assessed using Cuschieri scores and Visick scores. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative and postoperative complications, and survival rate were also recorded. There were no significant differences observed between the FJI group and the SJI group in terms of primary and secondary endpoints. Both groups showed similar outcomes in terms of nutritional status, quality of life, perioperative and postoperative complications, and survival rate. The operative time was longer in the FJI group compared to the SJI group. This study shows that both FJI and SJI are effective at maintaining nutrition, quality of life, and survival rate after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Although FJI is more complex, SJI is preferred due to its shorter duration. Surgeons should choose the most appropriate method based on the patient's characteristics and their own skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition in pediatric oncology patients is a complex and multifactorial process, and the most appropriate screening tool to determine the risk of malnutrition is not clear. The study aimed to compare the Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (StrongKids), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), which are commonly used in the general pediatric population, with the Nutrition Screening Tool for Childhood Cancer (SCAN), which was specifically validated for pediatric cancer, in determining the risk of malnutrition. This cross-sectional study included 92 children aged 2–18 years who were admitted to the hematology-oncology unit and were receiving chemotherapy. The prevalence of nutritional risk was determined using the SCAN, StrongKids, PYMS, STAMP, and anthropometric assessments were performed. Sensitivity and specificity values, and the degree of agreement between screening tools were calculated. The SCAN identified nutritional risk in 69.6 % of the children. According to StrongKids, PYMS and STAMP, the high nutritional risk in children was 43.5 %, 56.5 % and 64.1 %, respectively. The sensitivity of STAMP (81.2 %) was higher than that of StrongKids (60.9 %) and PYMS (79.7 %). The specificity of StrongKids, PYMS and STAMP was 96.4 %, 96.4 %, and 75.0 %, respectively. There was substantial agreement between SCAN and PYMS. PYMS has the best specificity and sensitivity in identifying patients at risk of malnutrition as determined by SCAN. In addition to anthropometric measurements, population-specific or highly sensitive nutritional screening tools should be used to determine the risk of malnutrition. • Most pediatric oncology patients are at risk of malnutrition. • Anthropometric measurements alone may be insufficient to determine the risk of malnutrition. • The prevalence of malnutrition risk varies according to the screening tool used. • Using the optimal screening tools is crucial to identify malnutrition in undergoing chemotherapy. • PYMS is most agreeable tool for the detection of children at risk of malnutrition identified by SCAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in those with cancer and more so in those with incurable cancer. In incurable cancer, it is widely agreed that optimal nutritional care has the potential to positively impact patient and caregiver distress and oncological outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the diversity and frequency of nutritional interventions, whether given in isolation or as part of a multimodal intervention in those with incurable cancer, in randomised controlled trials. The secondary aims were to describe adherence and their efficacy. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The following databases were searched electronically: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) with the time frame from January 2000 to 7th September 2023. Eligible studies included adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with incurable solid cancer with a sample size ≥40. Studies were to be primary research and delivered for at least 14 days to allow for efficacy. They were to include a nutritional intervention encompassing at least one of the following: dietary counselling, oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enteral tube feeding and/or parenteral nutrition (PN), given in isolation or as part of a multi-modal intervention. Studies were excluded if the population contained patients who had completed curative treatment or are being treated with curative intent, haematological cancers, or if they examined the effects of micronutrients, proteins, amino acids or fatty acids given in isolation. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB2). A balloon plot was produced to present the results in addition to a table with a narrative summary of the primary outcomes. A total of 7968 studies were identified, of which 18 met the eligibility criteria. This included 2720 study participants. The included studies comprised: multimodal interventions (n = 7), dietary counselling (n = 2), nutritional supplementation with or without dietary counselling (n = 7) and PN (n = 2). Primary outcomes included quality of life (QoL), body composition and nutritional status. For QoL, this was reported in 15 studies, 4 studies showed a significant improvement. Body composition was evaluated in 15 studies, 5 of which showed a significant improvement in body weight and two in fat-free mass (FFM). Nutritional status was reported in 6 studies with one showing a significant difference in Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score. The risk of bias was deemed 'low' in 6 studies, with 'some concerns' in 10 studies and a 'high risk' in 2 studies. There was heterogeneity between the studies. This systematic review has highlighted some positive findings in regard to QoL, body weight and nutritional intake. Optimum nutritional intervention was not identified. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of earlier nutritional interventions at the point of diagnosis, including regular reviews and the impact this has on nutritional outcomes, QoL and overall survival (OS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoalbuminemia, a biomarker of malnutrition, has been associated with adverse surgical outcomes;, however, its impact on breast reduction surgery is not yet well-documented. We queried the American college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program database to identify patients who underwent breast reduction surgery between 2008 and 2022. Patients were grouped by preoperative normal albumin levels (≥3.5 g/dL) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 g/dL). Preoperative, intraoperative, and 30-day postoperative outcomes, including complications and readmissions, were compared using the univariate tests and multivariable logistic regression. We included a total of 7277 cases, among whom 96% (n = 6964) had normal albumin values and 4% (n = 298) had hypoalbuminemia (n = 298). Patients with hypoalbuminemia showed a significantly higher body mass index (37.1 ± 8.1 vs. 33.3 ± 6.3 kg/m², p < 0.001) and were more likely to be Black or African American (49.0 vs. 27.8%, p < 0.001). Comorbidities such as diabetes (14.7 vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.0 vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001), and hypertension (35.2 vs. 26.3%, p = 0.002) were significantly more prevalent in the hypoalbuminemia group. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with a significantly increased risk of complications (13.8 vs. 6.1%, p < 0.001), with higher rates of superficial incisional infections (7.0 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.001) and unplanned readmissions (3.4 vs. 1.4%, p = 0.05). Multivariable analysis confirmed hypoalbuminemia as an independent predictor of postoperative complications (OR 1.96, p = 0.001), medical complications (OR 2.62, p = 0.02), and surgical complications (OR 1.91, p = 0.02). Hypoalbuminemia significantly raises the risk of 30-day postoperative complications in breast reduction surgery. Preoperative nutritional assessment and optimization are crucial in improving surgical outcomes, particularly in patients with high body mass index and comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: This study examined the nexus between mother's education and nutritional status and their relationships with child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight. Methods: The data of 34,193 under-five (U-5) children from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and binary and complementary log-logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight were 36.51%, 6.92%, 21.73%, and 2.05%, respectively. Compared to children born to mothers with at least secondary education, uneducated women's children (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–1.82) and those of women with primary education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.28–1.72) were more likely to be stunted. Similarly, children born to uneducated women (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.24–1.83) were more likely to be underweight than women with at least secondary education. The likelihood of child underweight (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.45–2.01) and wasting (rate ratio (RR) = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.47–2.26) were higher among underweight mothers, respectively, than those with normal body mass index (BMI). The likelihood of child stunting (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.67–0.84) and underweight (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.57–0.77) were lower among obese/overweight mothers compared to those with normal BMI, but their children were more likely to be overweight (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.27–2.48). Conclusion: Attainment of higher education by mothers should be promoted to prevent childhood nutritional imbalances, and sensitization on healthy dietary habits and lifestyles should be promoted among women, especially the overweight/obese, to reduce their risk of having overweight children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy ageing has become a global priority to add quality to our later years and reduce the morbidity associated with ageing. Entering older adulthood, however, increases the risk of frailty and sarcopenia -- key factors driving age-related morbidity. Frailty is a multi-system impairment associated with increased vulnerability to stressors. Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function and is a major component of frailty. Skeletal muscle has a reduced response to stimuli such as protein intake and exercise with advancing age, driving the gradual loss in muscle mass seen in older adults. High protein diets, especially when paired with resistance exercise, can help to overcome this anabolic resistance and restore or maintain physical robustness. The commonly cited protein requirements for adults published by the Department of Health (DH) underestimate the needs of older adults. Other nutritional factors, such as weight loss and vitamin D status, also play important modulating roles in frailty and sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: When it comes to the nature of the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and Vitamin D, the available literature offers contradictory findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between Vitamin D and TB, as well as the relationship between Vitamin D and functional capacity in TB patients from Central India. Materials and Methods: This case–control study comprised 400 participants divided into two equal groups: cases (200 TB patients) and controls (200 healthy household contacts). The study involved subjecting participants to standard laboratory tests in accordance with the management guidelines implemented by the institute. Abbott Architect i1000SR PLUS was used to test the Vitamin D levels while the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale score was used for the functional capacity of cases. Vitamin D levels were categorized into deficient, insufficient, and sufficient for every participant. Information related to the study was noted down on a structured pro forma. Results: The difference in Vitamin D values between the two groups was statistically significant, with 62.5% of deficient patients in the case group compared to 15% in the control group (confidence interval = 95%, χ 2 = 173.97, P = 0.001). The relationship between Vitamin D concentration and Karnofsky scale categories was statistically significant (r = 0.752, P = 0.01). Interpretation and Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with TB and a decrease in functional capacity in the region of Bundelkhand, highlighting the vital role of Vitamin D for TB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with no cure at present. Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble vitamin, which has been recognized as one of the major influencing factors of T2DM. However, the specific relationship between T2DM and VD remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of VD with glucose-lipid metabolism and nutritional status in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, so as to understand the role of VD in T2DM more comprehensively. First, we compared the differences in VD (vitamin D3), glucose-lipid metabolism and nutrient proteins between patients with T2DM and the healthy population and our patients with T2DM had lower VD and nutrient proteins and higher glucose and lipids (P<0.05). By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, it was seen that VD demonstrated an excellent assessment of the occurrence of T2DM as well as prognostic progression. In addition, we found that VD was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in patients with T2DM (P<0.05), whereas it was negatively correlated with nutrient protein were all positively correlated (P<0.05). These results suggest that we can monitor the VD levels of T2DM patients in future clinical practice to assess their pathologic progression, so as to intervene in a timely manner to ensure the health of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) has been on the rise, surgical procedures usually require the removal of part of gastric tissue connected with the tumor lesion, which leads to poor postoperative health and adverse prognosis in patients. Probiotics, as an active microorganism, play an important role in improving gastrointestinal function and enhancing immunity. In this study, we randomized 135 GC patients into a control group, a probiotic group, and a combination group. All the study subjects were treated with radical GC resection in our hospital. Postoperatively, the control group was given routine treatment, the probiotic group received routine treatment + probiotics and the combined group was given routine treatment+ probiotics +Shenqi injection. Through research, we found that after the use of probiotics, the postoperative rehabilitation process of GC patients was significantly shortened compared to patients treated with conventional enteral nutrition suspension, the immune function and nutritional status were validly improved, and the prognostic survival rate was increased. In addition, the CD4+, ALB, HGB, PA and TP of patients in the combination group were higher than those in the probiotic group (P<0.05), while CD4+/CD8+ were lower than those in the probiotic group (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Home discharge was strongly correlated with cohabitation before hospitalization. • Home discharge is likely correlated with independence in eating at admission. • Home discharge correlated with little assistance in ability to get up and stand up. • Nutritional management are important in elderly hospitalized patients. • Home discharge can be predicted by some conditions at admission in super agers. The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify factors that could predict the discharge destination of oldest-old patients (patients aged ≥90 years). Information on the nutritional status, activities of daily living (ADL), nursing care needs based on nursing need degree (NND), rehabilitation therapy, and discharge destination was obtained from the medical records of 90 oldest-old patients aged ≥90 years admitted to our hospital, excluding orthopedic inpatients and short-term (≤5 days) inpatients. Of these, 64 were discharged home while 4 died during hospitalization. More than half had moderately low total lymphocyte count (<1200/μL). Home discharge was correlated with living with someone else and little need for assistance during eating and getting/standing-up at admission. The cutoff value for ability for basic movement scale (ABMS) at admission for home discharge was 18 points. Nutritional management and early mobilization are important aspects of clinical management of the oldest-olds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is frequently linked with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia. Therefore, measuring or accurately estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) is crucial for tailoring nutritional needs, managing weight and prevent under- or over-nutrition. We aimed to measure and compare REE between women with BC and a matched control group. Moreover, the prediction accuracy of selected formulas was evaluated. Women aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosis of BC (stage 0-III) and body mass index (BMI) ≤ 30 kg/m2 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Anthropometry, indirect calorimetry, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed. Patients with BC data were compared to healthy women with similar age and BMI range. Measured REE (mREE) was compared against 15 predictive equations. Agreement between methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. We included 106 women with BC (age 49.9 ± 11.1 years and BMI 24.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2) and 75 women as control group. There were no differences in age, anthropometry, and BIA variables between groups, except for percentage fat mass. Measured REE values, alone and adjusted for fat-free mass (FFM) and age, were higher in patients with BC compared to controls (+4.3 % and +6.1 %, respectively). Regarding REE prediction, most of the selected equations underestimated mREE. Precision varied widely, with the two Marra equations showing the highest agreement (73 % and 74.5 %) along with the Müller equation (74 %), however, the wide limit of agreement range indicates substantial variability. Women with early-stage BC exhibited higher mREE compared to controls, albeit its clinical significance is unknown. None of the selected predictive equations provided accurate and precise REE estimates in this group. Although the Marra equation displayed the highest agreement, further studies are needed to evaluate REE variability and its prediction in women with BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Horizonte Médico is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Maintenance of the remaining abilities of dementia patients is necessary to improve their quality of life and reduce the burden on caregivers. This study aimed to identify the clinical factors that affect patients with severe dementias' remaining abilities in activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: The participants were 93 patients with severe dementia as assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating. The variables (ADL, cognitive function, behavioral symptoms, nutritional state, pain, comorbidities, muscle condition) were measured using the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Test in Severe Dementia (CTSD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home version (NPI-NH), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAIN-AD), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics (CIRS-G), and muscle tone assessment. Results: The logistic regression analyses identified the association between each item in PSMS as a dependent variable and the other rating as an independent variables. Toileting correlated with CTSD, MMSE, MNA-SF, CSDD, and hypertonus of the knee. Feeding correlated with CTSD, MMSE, NPI-NH, and CSDD. Physical ambulation correlated with CTSD, MMSE, CSDD, CCI, hypertonus of the knee, and MNASF. Conclusion: Many factors other than cognitive function affect each item of the ADL, such as agitation, comorbidities, hypertonus of the knee, and nutrition. We emphasize that intervention strategies need to be modified for the impairment of each ADL item to perform the remaining abilities for severe dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Mid-Day Meal Program plays a pivotal role in enhancing the nutritional status and educational outcomes of primary school children in India. This study investigates the program’s impact on the nutritional well-being of children across three districts in Bihar. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 1,070 primary school children from Saran, Muzaffarpur, and Patna districts. The assessment of nutritional status was based on indicators such as BMI for age, weight for height, and weight for age. Data related to children’s participation in the Mid-Day Meal Program was collected through relevant questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Patna has the highest percentage of children receiving mid-day meal (89.86%) with lowest prevalence of wasting and severe wasting. The prevalence of stunting or wasting were more common in children aged greater than 10 years. The analysis revealed substantial challenges in nutritional status, with a high prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting among primary school children in the surveyed districts. In contrast, promising trends were observed in terms of menu changes and vegetable inclusion within the Mid-Day Meal Program. Conclusion: The study highlights the pressing need for targeted interventions to address prevalent nutritional issues and improve the program’s impact. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the well-being of primary school children in the region through the Mid-Day Meal Program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stunting is the common form of child undernutrition. The objective of the present study is to know the relationship of maternal characteristics and stunting in children below five years. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 233 children who were 6-59 months of age. Data was collected by structured interview schedule and length/height was measured and analysed length/ height for age to identify status of stunting and maternal characteristics was analysed to identify the relationship with stunting status Results: The study result shows that among 233 participants, 29(12.4%) were found to be stunted. Children being stunted or normal in height was associated with maternal height, frequency of meals per day in the family, inadequate iron supplementation during pregnancy, adequacy of antenatal check up during pregnancy. Maternal height below 145cm (OR: 0.009; p=<0.001), frequency of meal (OR: 0.005; p=0.001), inadequate iron supplementation (OR: <0.001;p=<0.001) increase the likelihood of a child being stunted Conclusion: There was correlation between maternal characteristics and stunting of children. There is needed to improve the nutritional status by improving adherence of iron supplementation during pregnancy and improving antenatal visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nutritional well being of a population is both an outcome and an indicator of national development. Reducing infant and child deaths and improving the level of nutritional status of the child is one of the important priority areas for Government of India. One of the important ways to achieve desired reduction of infant mortality is to ensure 100% exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months followed by appropriate complementary feeding along continuation of breastfeeding. Objective: To study the prevalence of Breastfeeding practices of children less than 2years Methodology: The present study is a cross sectional study conducted in slums of AMC during June 2018 to August 2019. A total of 840 children between 0 to 2 years were selected using cluster sampling method. The Predesigned pretested proforma comprised of socio demographic details, components of antenatal care and breastfeeding practices of infants up to 24 months was used. The data so collected was entered into computer using appropriate software. The data was then analyzed for various parameters and cross tabulation was done using appropriate software. Results: Breastfeeding within one hour was received by 53.2% of children. 61.9% of the children were given pre lacteal feeding after birth as a part of ritual. Only (70.8%) of the children had received colostrum. One third (33.3%) of children less than 24 months of age, were receiving feedings other than breast-milk. Majority (60%) of children had received breastfeeding for 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inflammatory nutritional status is widely associated with the long-term prognosis of non-fatal stroke. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), a new marker indicating both inflammatory and nutritional status, and the overall mortality rate among stroke patients. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and corresponding public-use mortality data from the linked National Death Index (NDI). The study utilized maximally selected rank statistics to determine the optimal cutoff points for the CAR. Subsequently, participants were stratified into higher- and lower-CAR groups based on these cutoff points. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to study overall survival probability. Multivariable Cox proportional regression models were employed to calculate the Hazard Ratio (HR) and corresponding confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was applied to detect potential non-linear relationship between CAR and mortality risk. Furthermore, stratified and sensitive analyses were performed to examine the robustness and reliability of the results. The study, encompassing 1043 participants with an average age of 64.61 years, identified a cutoff value of 0.32 for CAR, with notable variances observed across gender and age cohorts. Over an average follow-up period of 116 months, 679 instances of all-cause mortality were documented. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis unveiled noteworthy disparities in survival probabilities between groups categorized by high and low CAR levels (p = 0.00081). Continuous CAR analysis consistently demonstrated a positive correlation between elevated CAR values and heightened risk (HR = 1.78 (1.36, 2.33)) of all-cause mortality among stroke patients. Similarly, individuals in the high CAR group exhibited adjusted HR of 1.34 (0.96, 1.89) for all-cause mortality compared to their low CAR counterparts. Subgroup and sensitive analysis consistently reinforced these findings. Smoothing curve fitting further validated CAR's significance as a prognostic indicator of all-cause mortality, indicating a linear relationship. Elevated CAR is associated with increased long-term risk of mortality for individuals who have experienced a stroke, suggesting that CAR could serve as a survival indicator. • The inflammatory nutritional status is widely associated with the long-term prognosis of non-fatal stroke. • The relationship between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) with the prognosis of patients of stroke is unknown. • Elevated CAR is associated with increased long-term risk of mortality for individuals who have experienced a stroke. • CAR should be thoroughly considered in the long-tern outcome management of patients with history of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stunting, attributed to insufficient nutrition during the critical first 1000 days of life, remains a pressing public health issue in North Sumatera, Indonesia. This study investigates the influence of pre-marital education on prospective couples' knowledge and nutritional status as a stunting prevention strategy. Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, the study involved 1000 prospective couples across 10 districts. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings demonstrate that pre-marital education significantly enhances knowledge of nutrition, family planning, and stunting prevention, leading to improved nutritional status. However, increased knowledge of stunting was inversely related to nutritional status. The study concludes that comprehensive pre-marital education is vital for effective stunting prevention. It recommends a thorough revision of pre-marital educational content, emphasizing a tailored and integrative approach to health and nutrition, to address specific regional challenges and enhance overall program efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article was to verify the association between domestic violence and obesity and malnutrition in elderly people in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cross- -sectional study evaluated in the EpiFloripa Elderly cohort in 2013/2014. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity (increased WC). Violence against elderly people was measured using the HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) instrument, and IPV using the Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1) instrument. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. It was observed that men had a greater chance of abdominal obesity when in situations of violence and in the potential abuse dimension. Women were more likely to have abdominal obesity in the dimension of violation of personal rights or abuse, when they suffered IPV and when they were perpetrators of IPV. In relation to BMI, elderly women in situations of violence were associated with a greater chance of being overweight and those who suffered IPV. On the other hand, men in vulnerable situations were more likely to be underweight. It is concluded that violence against elderly people and IPV generate an asymmetric impact on nutritional status in relation to sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body mass index (BMI) is a common measure used to quantify nutritional status such as overweight condition. Therefore, precise and scalable computational techniques that characterize those phenotypes are essential for clinical care and drug discovery. In this work, we present a pipeline suited to nutritional status evaluation and biomarker identification in the contest of overweight status. We use a multilayer perception network trained on five different datasets with BMI annotations to fulfill this demand. By conducting a comprehensive explainability analysis, we extracted a set of metabolites extremely important from every dataset, which improved our comprehension of the metabolic markers linked to overweight status. Moreover, we identified the relationship between metabolite concentrations and nutritional status and performed an enrichment analysis, which gave us important evidence on the metabolic processes that underlie overweight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Health and nutrition interventions in developing countries have been linked to better thriving and survival of children. Identifying programmes with significant effect on the nutritional status of Filipino preschool children may aid in identifying impactful interventions in addressing malnutrition. This study evaluated the association between nutritional status of preschool children and government programme participation based on the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) results. Methods: Secondary data analysis of 12,949 preschool children was performed from the 2018 ENNS. The selected data included socioeconomic, anthropometric, and self-reported household-level and individual-level government programme participation. Chi-square test for association and multiple logistic regression were conducted using Stata version 16. Results: Participation in immunisation programme, growth monitoring, household food production, and awareness and usage of iodised salt were negatively associated with at least one type of undernutrition. Consequently, participation in deworming programme was positively associated with both underweight and stunting. Regression analysis showed that preschool children who underwent growth monitoring were less likely to be stunted (OR=0.58), while those who underwent newborn screening were less likely to be underweight (OR=0.53) and stunted (OR=0.62). On the contrary, dewormed children were more likely to be stunted (OR=1.63) and those from 4Ps households were more likely to be wasted (OR=2.24). Conclusion: There is a need to re-evaluate programme strategies to maximise the benefits provided. Programmes showing significant associations with nutritional status including immunisation, growth monitoring, deworming, household food production, and awareness and usage of iodised salt should be continued and sustained with updated policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Horizonte Médico is the property of Universidad de San Martin de Porres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: An analysis of practice is conducted by the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) every 10 years to revalidate, update, and revise the description of specialty practice (DSP) for each specialty. The Geriatric Specialty Council recently conducted an analysis of practice and revised its content consistent with established procedures by the ABPTS. Purpose: The purpose of this article is threefold: first, to describe the process of the most recent practice analysis; second, to report revisions to the description of specialty practice based on the analysis of practice; and third, to identify elements of practice that define current specialist practice in geriatric physical therapy. Methods: A 10-member committee of subject matter experts (SM Es) and a psychometric consultant developed a survey instrument addressing geriatric physical therapy specialty practice areas. The survey was initially pilot-tested and subsequently administered online to a sample of 801 board-certified geriatric clinical specialists. The consultant facilitated the consensus process to determine decision rules in selecting the final competencies describing current geriatric physical therapy specialty practice. Results: A total of 372 respondents fully or partially completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 46.4%. Based on a priori decision rules regarding survey data, consensus of the group of SMEs, and input from the ABPTS, the DSP for geriatric physical therapy specialty practice was revised. Revisions (elimination [-] of prior items and addition [+] of new items) were made in Section 1: Knowledge Areas (-8 and +6), in Section 2: Professional Roles, Responsibilities, and Values (-14 and +4), and Section 3: Practice Expectations (-53 and +28). Conclusion: The revised DSP will be used as the basis for the development of the examination blueprint for the specialist examination in geriatric physical therapy and the curricula for residency programs in geriatric physical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The study develops a prediction model specifically tailored to accurately assess the malnutrition status of elderly hospitalized cancer patients. • It demonstrates that the XGBoost model is exceptionally effective in identifying malnutrition, providing oncologists with a valuable tool for managing nutritional risks and supporting elderly cancer patients. • The findings underscore the significance of incorporating machine learning techniques into nutritional assessment strategies for elderly cancer patients. Malnutrition is prevalent among elderly cancer patients. This study aims to develop a predictive model for malnutrition in hospitalized elderly cancer patients. Data from January 2022 to January 2023 on cancer patients aged 60+ were collected, involving 22 variables. Key variables were identified using the LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method, and nine machine learning models were tested. SHAP was used to interpret the XGBoost model. Malnutrition prevalence was assessed. Among 450 participants, 46.4 % were malnourished. Key predictors identified were ADL (Activities of Daily Living), ALB (Albumin), BMI (Body Mass Index) and age. XGBoost had the highest AUC of 0.945, accuracy of 0.872, and sensitivity of 0.968. Higher ADL and age increased malnutrition risk, while lower ALB and BMI reduced it. The XGBoost model is highly effective in detecting malnutrition in elderly cancer patients, enabling early and rapid nutritional assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been revealed good nutritional status and no physical frailty, which are modifiable lifestyle factors, are linked to less cognitive decline and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the associations between nutritional status and physical frailty and plasma AD biomarkers, especially the Tau-associated biomarkers in older cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults with higher β-amyloid (Aβ) burden. The nutritional status and physical frailty were assessed via Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) and Fried frailty index. The participants underwent the examination of plasma AD biomarkers and 18F-florbetapir PET scan as well as 18F-MK6240 PET in the validation cohort. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between nutritional status and frailty and AD biomarkers. Two cohorts were included in our study. A total of 129 participants with Aβ-PET positive were enrolled in the development cohort. Multiple linear regression analysis showed MNA-SF scores, normal nutritional status, Fried frailty index scores, frailty and some domains of frailty including weight loss, maximal grip strength and exhaustion were associated with plasma p-Tau-181. Furthermore, weight loss, Fried frailty index scores and frailty were associated with higher Aβ-PET standard uptake value ratio. We further performed subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex and apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype to investigate the beneficial characteristics of nutrition and frailty in the special subgroups. Validation cohort contained 38 Aβ-PET positive participants. MNA-SF scores, normal nutritional status, Fried frailty index scores and frailty were associated with Tau burden evaluated by 18F-MK6240 PET Braak-like stages. Our data indicates that normal nutritional status and no physical frailty may be associated with expected trend of plasma AD biomarkers, especially less Tau pathology in older CU adults with Aβ deposition. Adjusting to these characteristics of nutrition and physical frailty may help reduce the risk of AD development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study makes an attempt to examine the nutritional status of the adult Bodo women of the North Guwahati area of Kamrup (Rural) district, Assam in order to understand whether there is any relation between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with the nutritional status of the studied (18-59 years age group) Bodo women. The study participants were classified into three age groups of 18-32 years, 33-45 years, and 46-59 years to observe the variation in the nutritional status by age. The purposive sampling method was used to select participants of the sample size of 250 women. Nutritional status of the participants was assessed using Body-mass-index (BMI), Waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), Waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR), and Mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC). Physical Activity (PA) level and Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) of the participants were assessed using standard protocol. The result shows that undernourishment is prevalent in the younger ages, and overweight and obesity in the older ages. Age is found to be positively associated with body-mass-index, waist-to-hip-ratio, waist-to-height-ratio, waist circumference (WC), and mid-upper-arm circumference. On the other hand, physical activity is negatively associated with age, suggesting that physical activity decreases with age. Dietary Diversity Score shows positive and significant association with only waist circumference. Among the variables used in the study, only age and marital status appear to have an influence on the nutritional status of the adult Bodo women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutrition deficiency is commonly observed in lactating mothers and is a rising trend in India due to improper dietary patterns, physiological factors, socio-economic and demographic factors. The aim was to study the nutritional status and its related factors among lactating mothers in the urban areas of Delhi region, India. A structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire was used to capture the socio-demographic information, including economical and medical conditions, of 150 lactating women in Delhi, India. Pearson correlation coefficient and association of various factors were determined. 72.5 per cent of women were in the age bracket of 20–25 years and in low-income group (70 per cent). The prevalence of underweight was 21.33 per cent, and the mean and SD of body mass index (BMI) of mothers were 19.17 ± 2.1 and 20.70 ± 2.3 for sedentary and moderate workers, respectively. There were significant correlations found between BMI, energy, carbohydrates, fat and protein intake (p <.05). Multivariate regression model was used to associate the nutrition of participants' income group, education, type of work, age of mothers and frequency of meals. Based on the results, intervention programmes for dietary correction and the effect of nutrition on the body have to be emphasised to lactating mothers for better health and nutritional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications are characterized by chronic inflammation. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a tool used to assess nutritional status and is often associated indirectly with inflammatory processes. We aimed to compare the CONUT scores of T2DM patients with those of healthy volunteers and to compare T2DM patients with and without microvascular complications. Methods: Patients diagnosed with T2DM and healthy volunteers (as controls) were included in the study. The CONUT score is calculated using the following formula: serum albumin score + total cholesterol score + total lymphocyte count score. CONUT scores of T2DM patients and healthy controls, as well as those of diabetics with and without microvascular complications, were compared. Results: The CONUT scores of the T2DM and control groups were (1 [0–7]) and (0 [0–2]), respectively (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the CONUT score (<1.5 threshold) in detecting T2DM were 43% and 90%, respectively (AUC: 0.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.64–0.71). Moreover, the CONUT score was an independent risk factor for T2DM (OR: 0.34, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.22–0.52). The CONUT score of T2DM patients with microvascular complications (2 [0–7]) was significantly higher than that of T2DM patients without microvascular complications (0 [0–4]) and control subjects (0 [0–2]) (p < 0.001). A CONUT score higher than 1.5 had 83% sensitivity and 92% specificity in detecting T2DM with microvascular complications (AUC: 0.91, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.89–0.93). Conclusion: The CONUT score could be useful in detecting diabetic microvascular complications in clinical practice, as it is an inexpensive and easy-to-assess marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Having higher muscle mass in early adulthood is an important factor in preventing sarcopenia. However, university students undergo lifestyle changes compared to their high school years, which may lead to changes in body composition, such as an increase in body fat and a decrease in muscle mass. The study aimed to investigate the association between body composition and lifestyle behaviors, including chronotype, among Japanese female university students, due to the prevalence of underweight among young females in the country. Methods: The physical activity level (PAL), daily dietary intake status, morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) score, and body composition of 230 students were assessed in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, and body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were determined. Results: Individuals who were evening type (ET) had a higher %BF and lower SMI than those who were non-ET, but no differences in body weight or BMI were found. Although ET individuals had lower total energy intake, protein intake, and PALs than non-ETs, the differences were small. However, multiple regression analyses showed that SMI was significantly positively associated with MEQ and PAL, and %BF was significantly negatively associated with MEQ and PAL. Conclusion: These results suggest that female university students with lateness of chronotype and low physical activity have a body composition imbalance resulting in higher body fat and lower muscle mass. Therefore, young females may need to take chronotype-specific measures (especially ET individuals) to help them maintain an appropriate body composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• NRI, PNI, and CONUT score predict post-cardiac valvular surgery outcomes. • Age-specific screening predicts adverse outcomes in valvular surgery. • Tailored interventions optimize outcomes through nutritional assessment. • Youth: NRI < 99 for ICU stay; NRI < 97 for 30-day mortality. • Preoperative nutrition enhances cardiac valvular surgery prognosis. The authors sought to elucidate the role and predictive effects of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes across different age groups undergoing heart valve surgery. A retrospective study with intergroup comparison, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis. A hospital affiliated with a medical university. Three thousand nine hundred five patients undergoing heart valve surgery between October 2016 and December 2020. None. Patients were categorized into 3 age subgroups: young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-59 years), and older (aged ≥60 years) adults. The Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status scores were evaluated. Young adults with an NRI <99 experienced a significantly higher rate of prolonged intensive care unit stay (28.3% v 4.1%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 4.58 (95% CI: 2.04-10.27). Similarly, young adults with an NRI <97 had a significantly increased occurrence of mortality within 30 days after surgery (6.3% v 0.2%, p < 0.001), with a relative risk of 41.11 (95% CI: 3.19-529.48). In patients who undergo heart valve surgery, early postoperative outcomes can be influenced by nutritional status before the surgery. In the young-adult group, NRI <99 and NRI <97 effectively could predict prolonged intensive care unit stay and 30-day mortality, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Older patients at high nutritional risk face increased adverse postoperative outcomes. • The GNRI aids nurses in identifying high-risk older patients. • GNRI assessment is important for addressing nutritional needs and improving outcomes. To examine whether a high nutritional risk status, assessed via the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), is independently associated with postoperative health outcomes, including unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, infectious complications, and prolonged length of stay in older patients undergoing spine surgery. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study analyzing electronic health records from a tertiary hospital, including data from 1,014 patients aged ≥70 undergoing elective spine surgery between February 2013 and March 2023. High nutritional risk patients had significantly higher odds of unplanned ICU admission, infectious complications, and prolonged length of stay compared to low-risk patients. For each one-point increase in GNRI, there was a significant 0.91- and 0.95-fold decrease in the odds of unplanned ICU admission and infectious complications, respectively. GNRI screening in older patients before spine surgery may have potential to identify those at elevated risk for postoperative adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study to determinate whether there is a relationship between the nutritional status and white matter integrity in older patients by using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). The patients were evaluated by Mini-Nutritional Assessment Scale. The patients are categorized in the groups of well-nourished, risk of malnutrition, or malnourished, depending on the overall score> 23.5, 17–23.5, or 17; respectively. All patients had brain MRI and DTI. The mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) values were calculated by ROI-based method in white matter tracts. Total of the 224 patients; 86 patients had normal nutrition status (group 1), 107 patients were diagnosed with malnutrition risk (group 2) and 31 patients were diagnosed with malnutrition (group 3). Significantly decreased FA values of genu of corpus callosum, forceps minor and significantly increased MD values of middle cerebellar peduncle, and superior frontooccipital fasciculus were detected in group 2 in comparison to group 1 (p < 0.05). After adjusting for the folate and age, MD and RD values of cingulum remained significantly higher and the AD values of superior cerebellar peduncle remained significantly lower in group 3 (p < 0.05). Malnutrition was associated with deteriorated DTI values, especially in cingulum and superior cerebellar peduncle. Assessing the nutritional status of older individuals is crucial to avoid its negative impact on brain. Early diagnosis of malnutrition-related impaired WM integrity is important for prevention and intervention, and DTI is a useful non-invasive technique to be used for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive adipose tissue is associated with poorer prognosis in women with breast cancer (BC). However, several body adiposity depots, such as visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), intermuscular (IMAT), and gluteofemoral adipose tissues (GFAT) may have heterogeneous metabolic roles and health effects in these patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of different body adipose tissue depots, assessed via computed tomography (CT), on treatment outcomes for women with BC. We hypothesize that distinct body adipose tissue depots may be associated differently with outcomes in patients with BC. A comprehensive bibliographical search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (until January 2024). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The final sample comprised 23 retrospective studies (n = 12,462), with fourteen presenting good quality. A lack of standardization in CT body adipose tissue depots measurement and outcome presentation precluded quantitative analysis. Furthermore, most included studies had heterogeneous clinical characteristics. Survival and treatment response were the most prevalent outcomes. VAT (n = 19) and SAT (n = 17) were the most frequently evaluated depots and their increase was associated with worse outcomes, mainly in terms of survival. IMAT (n = 4) presented contradictory findings and a higher GFAT (n = 1) was associated with better outcomes. This systematic review found an association between increased VAT and SAT with worse outcomes in patients with BC. However, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, further research with homogeneous methodologies is necessary to better understand the impact of body adipose tissue depots on treatment outcomes. Such knowledge could lead to improved care for this patient population. • Increased visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were associated with worse outcomes. • Higher gluteofemoral adipose tissue was related to better outcomes. • The results for intermuscular adipose tissue were contradictory. • Different methodologies were used to assess body adiposity by computed tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging studies indicate that time-restricted eating (TRE) may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, studies performed in elderly adults are limited. This study aimed to analyze the association of TRE with arterial stiffness (AS) in community-dwelling elderly Chinese individuals. This cross-sectional study recruited 3487 participants aged ≥60 y from Shanghai, China. TRE was determined by calculating the end time of the last meal minus the start time of the first meal of the average day. Participants were then categorized into those with a time-restricted window lasting ≤11 h (TRE) and >11 h (non-TRE). The mean age of the sample was 71.78 ± 5.75 y, and 41.2 % were men. Having a TRE pattern was 72.2 %. In the logistic analysis, TRE was associated with borderline arterial stiffness (OR = 1.419; 95 % CI = 1.077–1.869) and elevated arterial stiffness (OR = 1.699; 95 % CI = 1.276–2.263). In a subgroup analysis, the significance remained in the group at risk of malnutrition (with borderline arterial stiffness: OR = 2.270; 95 % CI = 1.229–4.190; with elevated arterial stiffness: OR = 2.459; 95 % CI = 1.287–4.700), while in well-nourished participants, the association only remained with elevated arterial stiffness (OR = 1.530; 95 % CI = 1.107–2.115) and not with borderline arterial stiffness. TRE is a risk factor for both borderline and elevated arterial stiffness in community-dwelling Chinese individuals and varies by nutritional status. (Protocol code 2019-WJWXM-04-310108196508064467.) • Time-restricted eating occurs unintentionally in elderly individuals, especially in China. • In the community-dwelling elderly population aged ≥60 years, having TRE ≤11 h/d was a risk factor for arterial stiffness. • In the well-nourished group, time-restricted eating was a risk factor for elevated arterial stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nosileftiki is the property of Hellenic Nurses' Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)