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Abstract:'Hodden-gray' appears at key moments in Allan Ramsay's The Gentle Shepherd (1725) and his other works, including A Collection of Scots Proverbs (1737). By tracing this figure of homespun rusticity in Ramsay and texts from a seventeenth-century manual for colonising New Jersey to Burns's 'Is There For Honest Poverty' to the London Scottish regiment, this essay shows how Ramsay's remediation of a range of forms and practices – pastoral, Second Sight, songs, and proverbs – at once confirms and questions our models of Enlightenment within the terrain of an imperfectly United Kingdom.

The 17th biennial congress of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine (ISAM) was held in Monterey, California, between 10 and 14 May 2009. The congress was attended by ∼ 300 delegates from 18 countries. Podium presentations were focused on advances in pulmonary drug delivery, but clearance of materials from the lungs by a variety of processes and the potential harmful effects of inhaled particles were also covered. There were > 100 proffered posters, and a commercial exhibition in which 20 companies displayed their products. There were excellent networking opportunities, and the inauguration of more formal networking groups will allow dialogue to continue. Abstracts of podium and poster presentations were provided in the Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, and it is likely that some of the podium presentations will appear as full papers in that journal in due course. The next conference in this series takes place in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in June 2011.

The pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) has now been available for 50 years. Once regarded as an inefficient and difficult-to-use device, the technology has evolved significantly over the last few years, particularly since the introduction of novel formulations containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants. Many modern HFA pMDIs deposit drug more efficiently in the lungs, impact less forcefully on the back of the throat and feel less cold than their chlorofluorocarbon pMDI counterparts. An improved understanding of technical factors makes it possible to design HFA pMDIs to have specific spray properties, particularly in terms of fine particle dose and spray velocity. Device technology has also progressed with the introduction of compact and convenient breath-actuated, breath-coordinated and velocity-modifying devices, which help patients to achieve a reliable lung dose. Although it faces competition from dry powder inhalers and possibly from novel soft-mist inhalers containing liquid formulations, the rejuvenated HFA pMDI is a device with a significant future for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and wider treatment indications.

There were ∼ 700 delegates who attended Respiratory Drug Delivery X (RDD-X) at the Boca Raton Resort and Club in Boca Raton, Florida, between the 24th and 27th April 2006. Participants from North America, Europe and many other parts of the world came together to hear a series of invited podium presentations covering the latest scientific developments in pulmonary and nasal drug delivery, along with regulatory and quality control issues. A total of 150 proffered posters were also presented, and a Technology Exhibition involved the products of 78 companies. The conference also provided unparalleled networking opportunities. The proceedings of RDD-X will prove to be an invaluable resource for years to come.

Fourteen mild-to-moderate asthmatic patients completed a randomized four-way crossover scintigraphic study to determine the lung deposition of 200 µg budesonide inhaled from a Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler (Respimat® SMI), 200 µg budesonide inhaled from a Turbuhaler ® dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler® DPI, used with fast and slow peak inhaled flow rates), and 250 µg beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled from a pressurized metered dose inhaler (Becloforte® pMDI). Mean (range) whole lung deposition of drug from the Respimat® SMI (51.6 [46–57]% of the metered dose) was significantly (p < 0.001) greater than that from the Turbuhaler® DPI used with both fast and slow inhaled flow rates (28.5 [24–33]% and 17.8 [14–22]%, respectively) or from the Becloforte® pMDI (8.9 [6–12]%). The deposition pattern within the lungs was more peripheral for Respimat® SMI than for Turbuhaler® DPI. The results of this study showed that Respimat® SMI deposited corticosteroid more efficiently in the lungs than either of two widely used inhaler devices, Turbuhaler® DPI or Becloforte® pMDI.

Background Retrobulbar hematoma (RH) is a complication that can result from both otolaryngic and ophthalmologic procedures. RH can occur during endoscopic sinus surgery and improper treatment can result in several morbidities, including visual loss. Despite serious consequences, management for RH is not well evaluated. However, lateral canthotomy with cantholysis is generally recommended. The objective of this study is to review the management for RH.Methods A retrospective study was performed at our tertiary hospital from 1979 to 2006 for patients with the ICD-9 code for orbital hematoma. The demographic information, comorbidities, presentation, management, follow-up period, and outcomes were evaluated. Data were analyzed.Results Twenty-two patients were identified with 13 male patients and an average age of 43 years (range, 11–80 years). The RH was broken into three categories: iatrogenic, six cases; trauma, eight cases; and spontaneous, eight cases. The most common symptom was diplopia followed by orbital pain. The average pretreatment and posttreatment tonometric pressures were 25.3 mm Hg (range, 11–60 mm Hg) and 14.5 mm Hg (range, 10–22 mm Hg), respectively. The average proptosis was 4.3 (range: 0–8) mm. Treatments were observation (13 cases), medical treatment alone (4 cases), and surgical treatment with and without medical treatment (5 cases). Sixty-eight percent of the patient's visual acuity improved with these treatments. Twenty-seven percent had no visual changes from the RH. The average follow-up was 5 years.Conclusion Traditionally, lateral canthotomy with cantholysis is recommended for the treatment for RH. However, in certain patients and settings, there may be an acceptable alternative option for the management of RH.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of switching to Deus metal detector where he discovered that wide signals appeared to thin out which make it easier to pinpoint and background noise disappeared.

The article reports on the December 2009 trials in Vernon, British Columbia and in Canmore, Alberta for the 2010 Olympic Games. The opening race was won by Garrott Kuzzy of the U.S. while Gord Jewitt, who was subsequently selected for the Olympic team, was top Canadian. Dasha Gaiazova, who lost her place in the National Team in 2008 due to celiac disease, was second to Holly Brooks in the women's division. Galazova continued to perform well in the following trials in December 2009 and early January 2010.

The article profiles the members of the Canadian Olympic cross-country ski team and examines their potential at the 2010 Olympic Games. Members of the ski team include Ivan Babikov, Devon Kershaw, George Grey, Alexander Harvey, Perianne Jones, Sara Renner, and Chandra Crawford. Most of the members have world-class credentials, with Jones and Renner placing sixth at the 2009 World Championships.

The article features the Fresh Air Experience, a supplier of cycling and cross-country ski gear located in Ottawa, Ontario. The company's owner Dannis Thomasson says they have a business philosophy of providing the best value with the most current knowledge available for customers, so they can make an intelligent and informed decision. It is believed that Fresh Air Experience's mail-order business, personal service, and informed staff, among others, contributed to its success.

The article presents updates on the Haywood NorAm circuit. Alex Harvey of St. Ferreol, Quebec won three NorAm races by early January and is heading to the 2009 Under-23 World Championships. Three-time Olympian Milaine Theriault won second in her sprint final at the 2009 Nordic World Championships. Russian-born skier Dasha Gaiazova took her second of three NorAm sprint wins in Duntroom, Ontario in December 2008.

The article focuses on skiers who will comprise Canada's 2008-2009 National Ski Team. Among the top skiers included in the team are Chandra Crawford, Sara Renner, Devon Kershaw and Alex Harvey. Adding to the list is Ivan Babikov, a Russian-born skier who has been living in Canada. He is a dominant figure on the North American ski circuit.

The article focuses on Stefan Kuhn of Canmore, Alberta and Perianne Jones of Almonte, Ontario, overall champions of the 2008 Haywood NorAm cross-country ski circuit. Kuhn's performance is presented in relation to his goal of qualifying for the 2010 Olympics. Jones' affiliations and performance is provided at the NorAm women's division. Mentioned are the performances of other Eastern Canadians versus their competitors. The standings of Erik Carleton and Emily Nishikawa are cited for the Western Canadian Championships.

The article focuses on the participation of Canadian Ski Team led by skier Madeleine Williams, Brent McMurtry and Graham Nishikawa in the Haywood Securities NorAm cross-country race series which was held in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec from December 1, 2007 to January 7, 2008. The opening circuit was won by Russia-born skiers Dasha Gaiazova and Ivan Babikov. The result of the race in Val Cartier, Qubec is detailed.

The article features Alex Harvey, a 19-year-old cross-country skier from Canada. Harvey won the bronze medal at the recent World Junior Cross-Country Ski Championship. Highlights of his cross-country skiing career include qualifying in the sprints in the 2006 World Juniors and winning in three ski races in Quebec. It relates the remarks from his coach Louis Bouchard.

The article features skiers of Canada's national ski team. George Grey placed 25th at the world championship 30km pursuit with an injury. Alex Harvey of Saint Ferreol les Neiges, Quebec and skier Brittany Webster will compete and join the team after making an impression during the 2007 World Junior Championships. It also reports that Sara Renner, who took the time off to give birth, will return to join the team and make it to the 2008 Winter games.

Comments on the article "Aphra Behn--Whom Mary Wollstonecraft Did Not Read," by Janet Todd, published in the Summer 1995 issue of "WC." Behn's accounts of discursive and gender ambiguity.

The article announces the induction of cross-country skier Beckie Scott, coach Heinz Neiderhauser, and resort operator and ski ambassador Laurie Kreiner into the Canadian Ski Hall of Fame.

The article discusses the NORAM 2010 event in Canada wherein more than 600 skiers from every territory and province from Canada participated. Graham Nishikawa of Whitehorse, Yukon came short with the dream of landing a place for the 2010 Canadian Olympic team but won the late-January Eastern Canadian championships at Quebec. Daria Gaiazova of Banff, Alberta won the NorAm Haywood women's standings and six of eight NorAm qualified for the Olympics.

This section offers news briefs on loppet cross-contry skiing events in the U.S. and Canada. Matt Liebsch won his second straight Vassaloppet in Mora, Minnesota with a record of 2:16:14. Wisconsin Governor James Doyle started the 37th annual American Birkebeiner on February 27, 2010 in Hayward, Wisconsin, with nearly 8,055 skiers. The 32nd Gatineau Loppet held in Gatineau, Quebec on February 20-21, 2010 still had 2,326 skiers from 20 countries despite of little snow.

The article discusses the highlights of the 2009 team selection for the World Junior Cup and Under-23 Cross-Ski Championships. David Greer of Whitehorse, Yukon Territories earned selection as the highest placed junior in the 15km skate. Frederic Touchette was selected after winning the 20km pursuit in the classical sprint. Other junior team selections were Catherine Auclair, Jesse Cockney and Ghislain De Laplante.

The article focuses on professional and award-winning Canadian skiers who have the potential to step up to the World Cup and Olympic podiums. Among the leaders on the Canadian men's side are Ivan Babikov, Alex Harvey and Devon Kershaw. Kershaw, for one, has won numerous races last season and now is prepared to win more than two major medals he collected during his National Team career. Among his short-term goals include moving his consistency to a higher plane. He is also trying to address his weaknesses such as a lack of hip and lower-leg flexibility.

This section offers news briefs on ski races. The 2008 Canadian Birkie was cancelled just two days before it started due to a negative twenty-five-degree Centigrade forecast. Volunteer groups were able to concentrate at more soup stops and aid stations at the Mora Vasaloppet with temperature reducing the 42 kilometer (km) classic and the signature 58km skate to 35km. Jessica Krejcik, 13-years old, became the youngest female to complete the gold coureur de bois at this year's Canadian Ski Marathon.

The article features the North Bay Nordic Ski Club in Ontario. The venue will be home to skate skiers this season. By 1978, the club relocated closer to town where Dave Rees, an Olympic cross-country skier assisted in the development of the High lake trail network. During the previous season, the club members generated a membership income of nearly $55,000. Significant events hosted by North Bay Nordic including the 1996 and 1997 Ontario high school (OFSAA) championships, the 1992 and 2000 Canadian Masters and the Blue Sky Loppet.

Focuses on the views of men on the support and comfort provided for by hosiery. Attitude of men towards wearing stockings; Health benefits of wearing pantyhose; Advantages of wearing pantyhose during cold days.

The article focuses on debt settlement as an option for small business owners which are suffering from financial woes to save the business and maintain credit relationships. It is said that the option is not widely known among independent recreational vehicle dealers. It mentions that debt settlement can reduce a company's payables by as much as 70 percent with the help of an experienced, professional negotiator.