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The inhibitory effect of lignan-rich sesame oil (SSO) against the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was studied, and its mechanism of action was elucidated in a comparison with soybean oil (SBO), which contains similar unsaturated fatty acid content but has no lignans. The HFD was prepared by adding 20% (w/w) lard (LD), SSO, or SBO to chow diet and provided for 12 weeks. In the SSO group, expression of ER stress and proapoptotic markers were downregulated, compared with levels in the LD group. However, these effects were not observed in the SBO group. The hepatic triacylglycerol concentration and expression of lipogenic enzyme in the SSO group were lower than that in the LD and SBO groups. These results show that SSO is able to decrease HFD-induced ER stress and apoptosis, and these effects were likely caused by its lignan compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was examined inhibitory effects of kimchi with antioxidant, lipid lowering, and antiinflammatory activities on hepatic steatosis by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. Animals were fed HCD for 8 weeks with oral administration of kimchi methanol extracts (200 mg/kg bw/day) (kimchi group, n = 10) or distilled water as a vehicle (control group, n = 10). In kimchi group, hepatic lipid peroxidation was reduced. Protein expression of ER stress molecules such as GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, XBP1, and CHOP were decreased. In addition, protein expression of anti-apoptotic molecules were increased, but those for the pro-apoptotic molecules were decreased. Protein expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf2 was elevated. Histological analysis showed that hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kimchi group were less severe. In conclusion, hepatic steatosis induced by HCD can be alleviated by kimchi via suppressing ER stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]