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The city scale buoyancy-driven flow is crucial for the wind and thermal environment in urban areas, exerting a significant impact on the city ventilation, pollutants dispersion and heat removal. The intra-urban variations of hot spots and heat flux are drawing more attention on beating the urban heat. This study aims at analyzing the influences of non-uniform heat flux and background wind on the city-scale heat removal ability and underlying mechanisms. The large eddy simulation model was used and verified with water tank experiments. Results show that positive heat flux and negative heat flux in the rural areas will enhance and depress the strength of the urban heat dome flow respectively compared to the adiabatic condition. The high-speed regions are wider and stronger when the rural area has positive heat flux condition. Under positive rural heat flux condition, the time-average mixed layer height in urban areas across the city center plane is nearly twice that under negative rural heat flux condition. Besides, the city-scale heat transfer coefficients in positive rural heat flux condition are higher than those under negative rural heat flux and adiabatic conditions. For cases of non-uniform heat flux in urban areas, the differences of time-average mixed layer height and heat transfer coefficients are not obvious. The heat transfer coefficients decrease initially and then increase with increasing background wind speed indicating the non-linear interaction between approaching wind and urban heat dome flow. Moreover, the growth rate of the heat transfer coefficient decreases when the non-dimensional wind speed exceeds 1.19. • The non-uniform heat flux does change the overall urban heat dome flow structure. • The urban heat dome flow interacts with background wind non-linearly. • The bulk heat transfer coefficients are larger under positive rural heat flux condition. • The overall 'S' shape curve of heat transfer coefficients versus wind speed was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present work focuses on the fully developed mixed turbulent flow and heat transfer in receiver tube heated by non-uniform heat flux, especially the effect of local buoyancy force induced by the non-uniform heat flux at Reynolds number of 2×10 4 -10 5 , Prandtl number of 1.5 and Grashof number of 0-10 12 . The friction factor and Nusselt number between forced convection and mixed convection under uniform heat flux and non-uniform heat flux are analyzed quantitatively. The effect of solar elevation angel on the fluid flow and heat transfer is also investigated. We found that it is not feasible to perform the heat transfer design and prediction for parabolic trough solar collector based on the experimental correlations for forced convection or traditional mixed convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the fully developed mixed turbulent flow and heat transfer in receiver tube heated by non-uniform heat flux, especially the effect of local buoyancy force induced by the nonuniform heat flux at Reynolds number of 2×104-105, Prandtl number of 1.5 and Grash of number of 0-1012. The friction factor and Nusselt number between forced convection and mixed convection under uniform heat flux and non-uniform heat flux are analyzed quantitatively. The effect of solar elevation angel on the fluid flow and heat transfer is also investigated. We found that it is not feasible to perform the heat transfer design and prediction for parabolic trough solar collector based on the experimental correlations for forced convection or traditional mixed convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work focuses on the fully developed mixed turbulent flow and heat transfer in receiver tube heated by non-uniform heat flux, especially the effect of local buoyancy force induced by the non-uniform heat flux at Reynolds number of 2×10 4 -10 5 , Prandtl number of 1.5 and Grashof number of 0-10 12 . The friction factor and Nusselt number between forced convection and mixed convection under uniform heat flux and non-uniform heat flux are analyzed quantitatively. The effect of solar elevation angel on the fluid flow and heat transfer is also investigated. We found that it is not feasible to perform the heat transfer design and prediction for parabolic trough solar collector based on the experimental correlations for forced convection or traditional mixed convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]