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Canine lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy in dogs and is typically treated with multidrug chemotherapy. Most cases are at risk of relapse after several courses of chemotherapy and the oncogenic mechanism remains unknown. This study was aimed at identifying genes expressed in canine lymphoma by cDNA microarray. We found elevated expression of Dishevelled, EGL-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domain-containing 1B (DEPDC1B) in canine lymphoma cells compared with cells and tissues from healthy dogs. Canine DEPDC1B protein was detected in 13 of 41 lymphoma specimens by immunohistochemistry, but was not detected in lymph nodes from normal dogs. Immunoreactive DEPDC1B protein was also detected in several other types of canine tumour. This is the first report documenting the association of DEPDC1B with canine cancer and the results suggest that DEPDC1B might serve as a potential marker or therapeutic target for canine malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypercoagulability is a common paraneoplastic complication in dogs with various malignant tumors. Importantly, tissue factor procoagulant activity (TF-PCA) induced by TFbearing microparticles (TF-MPs) is associated with hypercoagulability in human patients with cancer. However, TF-PCA in tumor cells and the association between circulating TF-MPs and hypercoagulability in dogs with malignant tumors remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the TF-PCA in various types of canine tumor cell lines and plasma in dogs with malignant tumors. Mammary gland tumor, hemangiosarcoma, and malignant melanoma cell lines, but not lymphoma cell lines, expressed TF on their surfaces and showed cellular surface and MP-associated TF-PCA. The plasma TF-PCA was elevated in some dogs that naturally developed such tumors. No significant difference was observed in plasma TF-PCA between the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) group (median: 43.40; range: 3.47-85.19; n=5) and non-DIC group (median: 7.73; range: 1.70-16.13; n=12). However, plasma TF-PCA was remarkably elevated in three of five dogs with DIC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate plasma TF-PCA in dogs with malignant tumors. Further studies must be conducted to determine the cellular origin of TF-MPs and the efficacy of plasma TF-PCA as a biomarker of DIC in dogs with malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 4-year-old intact male Shiba dog which was brought to a hospital due to anorexia, lethargy, intermittent fever, gingival bleeding, and abdominal purpura. The dog was presented with persistent neutropenia and confirmed to have Hepatozoon canis (H. canis) infection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The article discusses H. canis infection in canine cases of neutropenia associated with osteomyelitis.

The article discusses results of a study that examines the prekallikrein (PK) deficiency disorder in dogs. It describes a case an 8-year-old unneutered dog admitted for neurological defects and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and normal PT. A discussion on the process to obtain nucleotide sequences of PK in dogs is provided, with results showing a similarity and a cDNA clone. The study observes that dogs with mild hemophilia showed no sign of spontaneous bleeding. However, cases of severe bleeding tendency or thrombus formation were noted.

The article presents a study which examines the hemodynamic influence of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in clinically healthy dogs. During the renal replacement surgery, researchers analyzed the dogs' heart rate, arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure while under general anesthesia. They did not observe hemodynamic changes in the dogs such as hypotension, hypertension and arrhythmias. They concluded that the CRRT procedure is safe to use in clinical cases involving acute renal failure.

The article focuses on a study which evaluated the utility of nafamostat mesilate (NM) as an anticoagulant during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in dogs. An overview of CRRT, a blood purification method that uses a hemofilter/hemodialyzer and an extracorporeal circuit, is presented. Six adult beagles and one adult mongrel dog were used in the study. The dogs all experienced vomiting during CRRT with NM infusion. Study researchers concluded that NM should not be used as an anticoagulant during CRRT in dogs.

The article presents a study that examines the crossreactivities of anti-human CD25 and anti-mouse Foxp3 antibodies on canine CD25 and Foxp3. The study determines the prevalence of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in unstimulated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated PBMCs of pathogen-free dogs using flowcytometric analysis. Result shows that unstimulated PBMCs does not expresses CD25+ cells compared to human or mouse PBMCs; meanwhile, Foxp3 and CD25 were expressed in ConA stimulation of canine PBMCs. It infers that Foxp3 expression also induces Treg cells (T Cells) function on some cells. It suggests that canine lymphocytes activations may influence productions of adaptive T cells.

The article presents a case of a 6-month-old miniature Schnauzer diagnosed with hypernatremia with clinical signs of vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence, and lethargy. Fluid administration was conducted on the dog due to inability to drink water on its own. Corpus callosum dysgenesis and other forebrain structures were also diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging. Such findings alleged congenital brain malformation associated with failure of the osmoreceptor system.

The article presents a study on the nationwide survey conducted in Japan concerning common infectious disease called Leptospirosis which is caused by Leptospira (L.) interrogans sensu lato. It cites the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with 5 major L. interrogans serovars and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant OmpL1 protein as antigens, that were used to evaluate the serum samples of 801 dogs that were collected in the country. The results show that 27% of dogs being tested were MAT-positive and 3.6% were ELISA-positive. It suggests that there are dogs in Japan that have subclinical leptospira infection. It states that the findings on the first survey being conducted, is important not for clinical veterinary medicine only, but for public health as well.

The article focuses on one study which explores the aberrations in the canine fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, which is associated with the growth of many types of human tumors, and the efficiency of 5 canine lymphoma cell lines in methylation status and genomic deletions. Two newly established canine lymphona cell lines and three previously reported canine lymphona cell lines were included in the study. Methods such as microscopic analysis, RNA extraction and immunoblot analysis were conducted during the experiment. After data analysis, it was revealed that the decrease in the expression of the FHIT protein in canine lymphoma cell lines was similar to that in human tumors.

The article presents a study on molecular cloning of canine fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene and its protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dogs. It mentions that FHIT gene expression and protein expression are found in human tumors which are considered tumor-associated-gene that appears to grow in the same manner as in dogs. Accordingly, the study utilized healthy dogs in which their total RNA was extracted to recognize the canine FHIT gene. Moreover, the canine FHIT gene is located at chromosome 20 with nine small exons in it and molecular cloning was done. The study suggests that canine FHIT gene has same functions like other species and the anti-human FHIT antibody could be used to study canine Fhit protein expression and cancer development in dogs.

The article presents a study on the usage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis (PARR) in supporting clinical evidence of alimentary lymphoma found in dogs. It states that canine alimentary lymphoma does not show any symptoms of gastrointestinal signs which occurs multifocally throughout the lamina and submucosa of the intestine. Hence, the study uses PARR as canine alimentary lymphoma cannot be histopathologically diagnosed using endoscopic biopsy specimens. It also discusses the integration of PARR with the application of single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) to obtain clearer results.

The article focuses on new diagnostic method for lymphoid neoplasia PCR which utilized for antigen receptor gene rearrangement analysis (PARR). In PARR using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, control DNA amplication was successful in three of five samples. Analysis of the time and DNA amplication controls suggested that a formalin fixation time of less than one week is appropriate. Application of single strand conformation polymorphism for PARR provided clearer results than conventional PARR in 16 unfixed tissues and three FFPE tissues. Results show that PARR-FFPE is viable for tissues with an appropriate formalin fixation time. Application of FFPE and SSCP for PARR is useful for diagnosis and retrospective study of canine lymphoid neoplasia.