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Antepartum depression, a non-psychotic mood disturbance occurring during pregnancy, is influenced by hormonal fluctuations and environmental endocrine disruptors. Despite its association with adverse postpartum outcomes, it has been studied to a limited extent. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association of neuroactive steroids, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and nutritional status of pregnant women with the manifestations of antepartum depressive symptoms.

This paper introduces a novel hybrid model of natural computing, termed the hyper-edge replacement graph rewriting PR system, by synergistically combining the principles of reaction systems with the hyper-edge replacement graph rewriting P system. Inspired by biological cells, this model leverages hierarchical membrane structures to encapsulate regions operating as reaction systems, facilitating complex biochemical interaction modeling. By integrating facilitation and inhibition mechanisms with graph generation capabilities, this framework expands the capabilities of both paradigms, offering a powerful tool for simulating and analyzing complex graph-based structures. The properties and dynamics of this innovative model are explored, demonstrating its potential for advancing natural computing research. A comparative analysis with existing model further demonstrate its efficacy and broader applicability.

Formulation of biocontrol agents including bioinoculants and biopesticides is a critical factor which determines crop growth and yield that are cultivated by organic agriculture practices. Trichoderma virideis the most commonly used biocontrol agent against diverse plant pathogens associated with various crops. In the present study, the effect of formulation like gel matrix prepared from natural products and water in oil emulsion of Trichoderma virideon the post treatment persistence adapting dilution method and soil dilution method was studied. The maximum frequency of occurrence was recorded in all the formulation over the control, and high frequency of occurrence was recorded in water in oil formulation and followed by biogel formulation. The effect of metallic nanoparticles on the formulation efficacy was also studied which reveals all the formulation could retain the viability. The effect of formulation on the biocontrol efficacy of Fusarium oxysporumand Alternaria alternataadapting soil dilution method reveals all the formulation retarded the tested pathogenic fungal colonies, and the biogel formulation of Trichoderma viridewith nanoparticles treatment showed the best compatibility on decomposition of organic wastes. The study is highly recommended because of the high rate of persistence of compatibility resistant to nanoparticle treatment and best biocontrol efficacy.

ABSTRACTStictidaceaeis characterised by a wide geographic distribution and diverse ecological roles. It has recently been the focus of taxonomic research in China. In this study, we describe two new asexual Stictidaceaespecies that we presume to be saprobes: Glomerobolus poacearumand Ostropomyces yunnanensis. The specimens were collected from decaying stems of unidentified herbaceous and Poaceae hosts in the Yunnan Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve, China. Our approach combines morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, utilising LSU, ITS, mtSSU and rpb2 markers. Glomerobolus poacearumsp. nov., was collected on decayed aquatic grass stems. In our phylogeny, it forms a well-supported clade with G. gelineus,the type of the genus. The species differs from G. gelineusin having comparatively smaller hyphoma, lobes and ballistic propagules that are spherical or fan-shaped when swollen. The discovery of Glomerobolus poacearumon Poaceae species within China are new observations of plant associates and geographical distribution in the genus. Ostropomyces yunnanensissp. nov., was collected on a stem of a herbaceous plant. In our phylogenetic analysis, it forms a well-supported clade with G. gelineus, the type species of the genus and is characterised by the production of conidiomata with forcible discharge. Ostropomyces yunnanensisis distinguishable from the asexual morph of O. pruinosellusby possessing larger pycnidial conidiomata, which feature multiple locules of conical or irregular shapes and by having larger conidia that are 0–4-septate. These taxonomic contributions enrich our understanding of the diversity, evolutionary relationships and ecological interactions within Stictidaceae.

ABSTRACTLignicolous freshwater fungi form a highly diverse group and are primarily distributed in the classes Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes. During an investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi on the Tibetan Plateau, China, four collections were obtained from submerged wood in freshwater habitats. Morphological studies combined with multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, LSU, SSU, and RPB2 indicated that the collected taxa belonged in the orders Conioscyphales and Cordanales in Sordariomycetes. Based on evidence from morpho-molecular analyses, two new species, Conioscypha xizangensisand Cordana linzhiensis, are introduced with descriptions of their hyphomycetous asexual states. Conioscypha xizangensisshows a close phylogenetic relationship with Conioscypha tenebrosabut, unlike that species, has phialidic and integrated conidiogenous cells. Cordana linzhiensisforms a distinct clade within the genus and possesses unique characteristics compared with existing species in having swollen conidiophores, polyblastic, clavate, or cylindrical conidiogenous cells, and solitary or acropleurogenous conidia with a hyaline mucoid sheath. These new discoveries further add to the diversity of freshwater fungi on the Tibetan Plateau.

Desensitization addresses safe optimal planning under parametric uncertainties by providing sensitivity function-based risk estimates. This paper expands upon the existing work on desensitization in optimal control to address safe planning for a class of two-player differential games. In the proposed game, parametric uncertainties correspond to variations of the model parameters for each player about their nominal values. The two players in the proposed formulation are assumed to have perfect information about these nominal parameter values. However, it is assumed that only one of the players has complete knowledge of the actual parameter value, resulting in information asymmetry in the proposed game. This lack of knowledge regarding the parameter variations is expected to result in state constraint violations for the player with an information disadvantage. In this regard, a desensitized feedback strategy that provides safe trajectories is proposed for the player with incomplete information. The proposed feedback strategy is evaluated for instances involving a single pursuer and a single evader with an uncertain moving obstacle, where the pursuer is assumed to only know the nominal value of the obstacle’s speed. At the same time, the evader knows the obstacle’s true speed, and also the fact that the pursuer knows only the nominal value of the obstacle’s speed. Subsequently, deceptive strategies are proposed for the evader, who has an information advantage, and these strategies are assessed against the pursuer’s desensitized strategy.

The influence of poly(asparagine-co-phenylalanine) (P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2) on the protection performance of epoxy coating was investigated. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicates the better protection against coating degradation of epoxy (EP)−P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2nanocomposite on tinplate compared to that of pure epoxy coatings. The coating resistance (Rcoat) of the EP−P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2nanocomposite is found to be 3854.70 kΩ·cm2. The Rcoatof EP−P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2nanocomposite coating is found to be over 38 times greater than that of the EP coating. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) analysis shows less current distribution for the EP−P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2. The analyses of degradation products by XRD and SEM/EDX confirm the influence of functionalized SnO2particles on the protecting ability of epoxy coating. The hydrophobic nature of the EP−P(Asn- co-Phe)/SnO2nanocomposite coating (θ=133°) is confirmed by water contact angle measurement. The resultant nanocomposite coatings display enhanced mechanical properties. The results show that the EP−P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2nanocomposite in wells increased the antibacterial activity as compared with pure EP. Therefore, it is concluded that the newly synthesized EP−P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2nanocomposite provides an outstanding barrier and mechanical properties due to the addition of P(Asn-co-Phe)/SnO2nanoparticles to the epoxy matrix, which obstructs the degradation of materials and assists in prolonging the life of the coated steel.

The association of Potato virus Y infection with mosaic disease of hot pepper was detected during small scale survey conducted in Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu. The symptomatic plant samples showing prominent mosaic symptoms were collected and subjected to RT-PCR using Potyvirusdegenerate primer (PNIb1F& PCPR1) specific to Nib and coat protein genes. The molecular characterization implicated that Potyvirusassociated with mosaic disease in hot pepper as Potato virus Y (PVY). Further, phylogenetic analysis explicated that PVY infecting hot pepper as necrotic strain (N). To our knowledge this is the first molecular evidence for the association of ‘N’ strain of Potato virus Y with mosaic disease of hot pepper in India.

The problem of handling array languages using P systems was initially considered by Ceterchi et al. (In Nat Comput 2(3): 229–249, 2003), thereby linking the two areas of membrane computing and picture grammars. In recent years, the problem of the generation of 2D picture languages using P systems has received more attention James et al. (2017) introduced Parallel contextual array insertion–deletion P systems (PCAIDPS) exploiting insertion and deletion operations together with contextual operations. Subramanian et al. (In Math Comput Modell 152(2): 1901–1909, 2010) introduced the array-rewriting P system with pure 2D context-free rules AP(P2DCFG). In this paper, we compare the generative power of AP(P2DCFG) with that of PCAIDPS and prove that PCAIDPS has more generative power than that of AP(P2DCFG).

[Display omitted] • The coating resistance of EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C was 44.9 times higher than pure matrix. • The EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C coated steel controlled the dissolution of Fe to Fe2+ ions. • The passive layers prevent the degradation of the coatings even for a longer period. • The compact cross-linking structures protect the steel surface against corrosion. • The superior hydrophobicity of EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C coating (WCA: 161°) was displayed. The surface treated nano Zr 2 C by (3-aminopropyl)tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]silane (APTMEES) was mixed with graphene oxide (GO), and the resulting GO-APTMEES/Zr 2 C nanofiller was integrated into the epoxy resin (EP). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), polarization, and scanning electrochemical spectroscopy (SECM) tests were used to evaluate the protection efficiency of epoxy coating on mild steel in the presence of varied concentrations of GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C in seawater. The ideal weight proportion of GO-APTMEES/Zr 2 C in the epoxy matrix was discovered to be 2.0, which resulted in better coating performance. After 1 h of exposure to the marine environment, the coating resistance of EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C was determined to be over 44.9 times higher than that of pure matrix. Even after 180 h in seawater, EIS tests revealed an improved coating resistance of EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C nanocomposite (6366.24 kΩ.cm2). Because of the coated substrate's superior resistance to anodic dissipation, SECM measurements revealed the least discharge of Fe2+ ions at the scratch of the EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C coating (1.2 I/nA). Zr 2 C was found in the rusted components, forming an outstanding inert film at the surface, according to FE-SEM/EDX analysis. The newly produced EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C composite had improved barrier properties and hydrophobic characteristics (WCA: 161°), according to the findings. The mechanical characteristics of the epoxy matrix increased when GO-APTMEES/Zr 2 C was added. As a result, the EP-GO/APTMEES-Zr 2 C nanocomposite could be used as a coating material for industrial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTReference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a primary determinant for making decisions on irrigation scheduling. For assessing water demand ahead of time, FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (FAO-56 PM) equation is the traditional empirical method applied to obtain ETo. In real time, the precise calculation of ETo is genuinely troublesome and complex due to its complex mix of attributes. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)-based modelling techniques are employed to predict evapotranspiration. In this study, the viability of the deep learning neural network (DLNN) in predicting ETo on the data obtained in the command area of the Veeranam tank system during the period 1995–2016 in India is investigated. The predicted ETo obtained by DLNN is compared with ETo obtained by empirically calculated FAO-56 PM method. To show that DLNN is superior to other ANN methods, result of DLNN method is also compared with radial basis function neural network and multilayer perceptronas baseline methods in terms of various error metrics.

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AbstractJob satisfaction means feelings about one’s job that can only be inferred from the employee but not seen on naked eye. It is bunch of positive and ominous sentiments, with which employees view their work. It is how much joy or satisfaction related with a task an employee gets on performing his job. On the off chance that employee like his occupation seriously he will encounter high work fulfillment. In the event that he disdain his occupation, he will encounter job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is the ultimate feeling of a human after completing a job. The job satisfaction can be obtained to the extent the job fulfills the needs and wants of the person’s consistency with the expectations and values. When all the expectations are met, the impact reflects in the performance. Employees who are not satisfied in their occupations frequently tempt to resign than those who are satisfied. The general idea is that happy people are more productive than unhappy people.

3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) is used to coat the surface of halloysite nanoparticles, resulting in a less hydrophilic clay surface and improved nanoparticle dispersibility in the epoxy polymer (EP). The efficiency of epoxy/clay nanocomposites in terms of thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties was studied. The results of XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, and TGA all show that halloysite nanoparticles are silanized. EP-TMSPMA/clay coatings have a high degree of hydrophobicity (WCA: 139°) and surface roughness. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the corrosion resistance of coated steel substrates. The coating resistance of the EP-TMSPMA/clay nanocomposite coating was found to be over 62.98% higher than the EP coating. Even after 15 days of immersion, electrochemical tests demonstrate that EP-TMSPMA/clay has a higher coating resistance (Rcoat) than plain epoxy coated mild steel. At 15 days of immersion, SECM data show that the dissipation of Fe in the EP-TMSPMA/clay coated substrate is significantly lower than the pure epoxy coated substrate. Furthermore, mechanical testing (hardness, adhesion, and tensile strength) revealed that the epoxy/silane/clay nanocomposites had improved mechanical properties. Silanized clay including epoxy nanocomposites has excellent barrier, hydrophobic, and mechanical qualities, as well as excellent oxygen and water repellent capabilities. EP-TMSPMA/clay has the best characteristics of all of the coated nanocomposites examined. Because clay/silanes are environmentally safe, this form of coating could be used as a viable coating material for industrial purposes.

The forest is a natural ecosystem that must be protected against natural calamities. Forest fire is one such calamity, and the goal of this work is to alert the event of disaster so that natural resources can be saved. The existing methods have few limitations like false alert, no timely notification, lack of network coverage, etc. The proposed work uses multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and advanced relative operating characteristic (AROC) approaches to address these constraints. The proposed model has accuracy of 90%, which is higher than the fuzzy logic and average consensus algorithm.

The primary goal of air combat maneuvering is to neutralize the enemy under any circumstances. A critical step in achieving this goal is to gain and maintain aerial advantage by choosing and executing appropriate flighter maneuvers. In this paper, one-on-one air combat is modeled as a two-player zero-sum game to obtain optimal strategies for the players to select the flighter maneuvers. A new approach for constructing the game payoff function that accounts for the loss/gain of aerial advantage during the execution of a maneuver is proposed. A case study to evaluate the proposed approach, by comparing it with an existing approach, is performed through computer simulations.

Due to the rapid growth of the internet, data can now be stored digitally and exchanged easily by people. While sharing the data through the internet, the attackers can easily access the data. This may cause data privacy issues. Steganography is a kind of information security that makes it possible to hide secret information in a variety of formats like images, text, audio, video, networks, and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Here, DNA steganography is used to protect secret data from intruders. In this paper, three different algorithms of DNA steganography are introduced. The algorithms are an RSA-based insertion algorithm, a complementary algorithm using the Addition/Subtraction rule, a combination of insertion and substitution method with XOR operation. Cracking probability, payload, capacity, and BPN are calculated to check the performance of the proposed algorithms. As a result, this paper concludes that the proposed techniques yield better results than existing algorithms and have a low cracking probability, in addition to providing double-layered security to the information.

ABSTRACTRecommender system is a data sifting tool that can recommend items that can be of interest to the user. Collaborative filtering (CF) makes recommendations based on the ratings the users give to items. But noisy or inaccurate ratings reduce the quality of the recommendations. In spite of extensive studies carried on CF-based recommenders, a robust recommender to handle outlier in dataset is a challenging problem. In this study, a Factor wise Matrix Factorisation model (FWMF) is proposed for the prediction of item rating in recommender systems. To further strengthen the proposed FWMF model, a meta learning model that combines density-based outlier detection and bagging outlier detection is proposed to detect outliers. The outliers predicted are eliminated, and a comparative analysis is carried with FWMF to find the effect of outliers in making recommendations. The experiments were analysed with various error metrics conducted on benchmark dataset show that the proposed outlier extent recommendation model outperforms the conventional CF-based systems.

Dimethyl-2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)terephthalate (DBMPT) is a water-insoluble fluorogenic molecule, which has been rendered water-soluble in physiological conditions, by the addition of triblock copolymers (TBPs), P123 (PEO19PPO69PEO19), and F127 (PEO100PPO65PEO100). DBMPT-TBP mixed aggregates, formed in the process, exhibit significant aggregation-induced enhancement of emission, with nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes. Dynamics involved in suppression of nonradiative pathways and consequent enhancement of fluorescence are followed by femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Interestingly, shapes of the aggregates formed with the two TBPs are found to be very different, even though they differ only in the length of hydrophilic blocks. DBMPT-P123 aggregates are micrometer-sized and spherical, while DBMPT-F127 aggregates form nanorods. Evolution of their morphologies, as a function of TBP concentration, is monitored using cryo-TEM, FESEM, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Fluorescence lifetime distribution provides useful insight into microheterogeneity in these mixed aggregates. Excellent cell permeability is observed for DBMPT-F127 nanorods, in contrast to DBMPT-P123 microspheres. These fluorescent nanorods exhibit the ability to mark lipid droplets within the cell and hence bear the promise for application in intracellular imaging.

Video captions help people to understand in a noisy environment or when the sound is muted. It helps people having impaired hearing to understand much better. Captions not only support the content creators and translators but also boost the search engine optimization. Many advanced areas like computer vision and human-computer interaction play a vital role as there is a successful growth of deep learning techniques. Numerous surveys on deep learning models are evolved with different methods, architecture, and metrics. Working with video subtitles is still challenging in terms of activity recognition in video. This paper proposes a deep structured model that is effective towards activity recognition, automatically classifies and caption it in a single architecture. The first process includes subtracting the foreground from the background; this is done by building a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) model. A Gaussian mixture model is used to remove the backdrop. The classification is done using long short-term memory networks (LSTM). A hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to generate the high quality data. Next, it uses the nonlinear activation function to perform the normalization process. Finally, the video captioning is achieved by using natural language.

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is endemic in South and Central America and recently has been found in other parts of the world, due to migration of chronically infected patients. The current treatment for Chagas disease is not satisfactory, and there is a need for new treatments. In this work, we describe the optimization of a hit compound resulting from the phenotypic screen of a library of compounds against T. cruzi. The compound series was optimized to the level where it had satisfactory pharmacokinetics to allow an efficacy study in a mouse model of Chagas disease. We were able to demonstrate efficacy in this model, although further work is required to improve the potency and selectivity of this series.

Enalapril is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor have been extensively used to treat cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Coccinia indicais indigenous plant wildly used in traditional medicinal system including Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani. The aim of this study was to find out the hepatoprotective activity of C. indicaleaf extract against enalapril induced toxic effects. The 24 experimental rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was maintained as control. Group 2 and 3 were treated with single dose of enalapril (1.5g/kg of bwt/orally). After treatment, group 2 maintained as enalapril control. The group 3 was treated with leaf extract of C. indica(400 mg/kg bwt/orally/day) for 7 days. Separate C. indicaalone supplementation for 7 days were also maintained. After end of the treatment, animals were sacrificed simultaneously. To determine the serum liver function parameters were estimated. The histophological study of liver tissue was also determined. The changes liver function parameters were observed in enalapril control rats along with histological changes. The C. indicaleaf extract supplementation restored all the parameters significantly. In this study, the protective effect of C. indicaleaf extract against enalapril induced hepatotoxicity proves, the plant has many medicinal properties.

Congestion is caused by the continually expanding number of vehicles worldwide. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) could be used to build a system that efficiently uses the existing infrastructure and current technological advancements. Several Vehicular applications use the restricted vehicle battery in V2X systems, and a key concern is communication secrecy. Earlier research has focused on channel measurement, autonomous piloting, high-speed transmissions, secretive communications, and QoS analysis but battery-limited V2X has received far less attention. Therefore, resolving the abovementioned complications in the current model is imperative. Thus, a new V2X communication model is developed based on NB-IoT (NarrowBand Internet of Things) approaches. NB -IoT is utilized in the V2X communication model to offer low-cost, high-range, and minimal power to the communication environment. The objective of the proposed NarrowBand of Vehicular Things Communication (NBVTCS)System is to analyze the performance metrics of vehicular communication including energy efficiency rate with different SNR, bit error rate with different vehicular positions, and overall throughput of the system. The simulation was carried out to attain an effective energy efficiency rate, the system's transmit power, bit error rate, and overall system throughput. The proposed vehicular architecture also optimized the abovementioned vehicular metrics with the help of the proposed Hybrid Pelican Beetle Swarm Optimization (HPBSO) approach to achieve a higher accuracy in communication parameters. Finally, the simulation outcome demonstrates that the developed vehicular model is achieved with a minimal energy consumption rate and maximum throughput and also compares the proposed HPBSO technique with other optimization techniques including DOX, EFO, POA, and BSO.

Road surfaces are highly affected by climatic changes which caused potholes and cracks. Maintenance of the road is a need-of-the-hour process for preventing the physical damage caused for vehicles. The important process in road maintenance is the detection of potholes and cracks. Automatic detection of potholes in bituminous roads is a tedious task. This paper proposed the detection of potholes using transfer learning and convolution neural networks. The results are promising, and The suggested method can provide valuable information that can be used for various ITS services. One such service is alerting drivers about potholes, allowing them to be more cautious while driving. Additionally, this information can be utilized to assess the initial maintenance needs of a road management system and promptly address any repairs or maintenance required. The achieved results through the proposed method are compared with the state-of-the-art detection algorithms like Transfer Learning + Recurrent neural network, Transfer Learning + Generated adversarial network. In that, the result obtained through the proposed method (Transfer Learning + Convolutional neural networks achieves 96 % of accuracy.

Cardiotoxicity is the most serious side effect of anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin or epirubicin). The incidence of anthracycline induced late cardiac toxicity (AIC) that is overt clinically is 3–5% in the Indian population. Polymorphism in intron 32 (deletion of 25bp) of MYBPC3 has been shown to be present exclusively in Asians and more so in South India (3–8%). The frequency of the polymorphism is significantly higher (13%) in patients with cardiomyopathy in India. Fifteen patients were identified to have cardiac dysfunction following treatment for malignant lymphoma with doxorubicin containing regimens. Peripheral blood DNA from control, amplified by polymerase chain reaction yielded a 467bp fragment while in the presence of the 25bp deletion only a 442bp fragment was detected. To confirm the presence or absence of the polymorphism, amplified DNA was restricted using Bgl1 in all samples. Bgl1 restricted amplified DNA only if the 25bp deletion was absent. A 467 base pair band was observed in all the 15 samples, which suggested the absence of polymorphism in MYBPC3. In a sample of DNA from a patient with a deletion in exon 33 (confirmed by sequencing) a 442bp fragment was detected. Amplified DNA from this patient was not restricted with Bgl1. Wild type MYBPC3 when amplified gave a distinct restriction banding pattern consisting of two bands of 401bp and 66bp. Amplified DNA from all peripheral blood samples restricted with Bgl1 suggesting the absence of the polymorphism. In this preliminary report, MYBPC3 does not seem to play a role in anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity.

Computerized tomographic imaging of the nasal and paranasal regions has become an indispensable tool for the endoscopic sinonasal surgery. The uncinate process is an important bony structure located in the lateral wall of the nose.The olfactory fossa is a space, situated superior to the cribriform plate and has a variable depth.

Infantile spasms constitute a severe form of epileptic encephalopathy. In the International Collaborative Infantile Spasms Study (ICISS), we showed that combining vigabatrin with hormonal therapy was more effective than hormonal therapy alone at stopping spasms between days 14 and 42 of treatment. In this planned follow-up, we aimed to assess whether combination therapy was associated with improved developmental and epilepsy outcomes at 18 months of age.

ABSTRACTThe effect of nano biphasic bioceramic (NBPC) coating on 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was investigated. NBPC coatings were developed on 316L SS by electrophoretic deposition process followed by vacuum sintering. The NBPC coatings were characterised by XRD, FTIR, FESEM with EDAX and AFM studies. The electrochemical performances of the coated samples were carried out by open circuit potential-time measurements, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance studies in Hank’s solution. The electrochemical studies indicate that NBPC-coated samples have improved corrosion resistance and Vickers microhardness test showed enhancement in mechanical strength. Invitro studies with MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell shows non-toxicity and high proliferation of NBPC-coated samples. These studies confirm the enhanced corrosion resistance, good mechanical strength with enhanced cell attachment and proliferation on the coated samples thus making it an ideal candidate for orthopaedic implants.

The effect of nano biphasic bioceramic (NBPC) coating on 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was investigated. NBPC coatings were developed on 316L SS by electrophoretic deposition process followed by vacuum sintering. The NBPC coatings were characterised by XRD, FTIR, FESEM with EDAX and AFM studies. The electrochemical performances of the coated samples were carried out by open circuit potential-time measurements, potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance studies in Hank's solution. The electrochemical studies indicate that NBPC-coated samples have improved corrosion resistance and Vickers microhardness test showed enhancement in mechanical strength. Invitro studies with MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell shows non-toxicity and high proliferation of NBPC-coated samples. These studies confirm the enhanced corrosion resistance, good mechanical strength with enhanced cell attachment and proliferation on the coated samples thus making it an ideal candidate for orthopaedic implants.

The halogen, bromine (Br) doped layered graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) nanosheets are constructed for a novel electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA). The Br is successfully immobilized in the gCN host lattice, in which Br provides an N-vacancy for -C-N bonding to improve electron transfer and enhance its electrocatalytic properties. The prepared nanosheets are studied by various analytical analyses and the electrochemical behavior of the designed electrode is studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Br-gCN decorated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) has superior electrochemical activity and is stable during exposure to varied pH, however, exhibited better catalytic activity at pH 7. The Br-gCN/SPEC electrodes and their high electrocatalytic performance are used for the detection of dopamine with a lower limit of detection (LoD) of 5 nM concentration. The Br-gCN decorated electrodes exhibited satisfactory results for cyclic stability (up to 100th cycle), repeatability (up to 6 cycles), reproducibility of similarly constructed 6 electrodes, and their electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the fabricated sensor also exhibited a better recovery (>80%) for real-time urine sample analyses.