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Over the last few decades, transition metal-catalyzed direct C-H activation with the assistance of a coordinating directing group has emerged as an atom- and stepeconomical synthetic tools to transform C–H bonds into carbon-carbon or carbonheteroatom bonds. Although the strategies involving regioselective C–H cleavage assisted by various directing groups have been extensively reviewed in the literature, we now attempt to give an overview of the recent advances on phosphorus-containing functional group assisted C-H activation reactions catalyzed by transition-metal catalysts including mechanistic study and synthetic applications. The discussion is directed towards C-H olefination, C-H activation/cyclization, C-H arylation, C-H amination, C-H hydroxylation and acetoxylation as well as miscellaneous C-H activation.