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Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign tumor, with approximately 80% of AF cases occurring in patients below the age of 22 years. Notably, it is less frequent (16.9%) in patients aged ≤ 10 years. Most cases of AF occur in the mandible, with only a few occurrences in the maxilla. Herein, we report a case of AF in the maxilla of an 8-year-old child. In the present case, AF was suggested to have impaired the development of permanent teeth. Regular checkups, including radiographic examinations starting in childhood, may facilitate early detection of lesions in the maxillofacial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This umbrella review aimed to critically appraise the evidence published in systematic reviews (SRs) on the clinical effectiveness of sealants compared with each other/the non-use in primary/permanent teeth of children and adolescents with at least 12-month follow-up. Methods: A systematic literature search on 4 electronic databases was conducted up to January 18th, 2023. Following handsearching, two review authors independently screened retrieved articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias (RoB) using the risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool. Based on a citation matrix, the overlap was interpreted by the corrected covered area (CCA). Results: Of 239 retrieved records, 7 SRs met the eligibility criteria with a moderate overlap among them (CCA = 7.4%). For primary molars, in 1120 1.5- to 8-year-old children, data on the clinical effectiveness of sealants were inconclusive. For permanent molars, 3 SRs found a significant caries risk reduction for sealants versus non-use (≤ 36-month follow-up). There was insufficient evidence to proof superiority of sealants over fluoride varnish for caries prevention (3 SRs), and to rank sealant materials according to the best clinical effectiveness in permanent molars. One study was rated at low and 6 at high RoB, which did not allow for a valid quantitative synthesis. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this umbrella review, sealants are more effective for caries prevention in children's permanent molars compared to no treatment. Future well-implemented RCTs are needed to draw reliable conclusions on the clinical effectiveness of sealants in primary and permanent teeth of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are one of the most frequently encountered cystic diseases of the jaw in clinical practice. Although OKC has been reported as a manifestation of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) in many pediatric patients, there have been few reports of OKC occurring in isolation. Herein, we report the case of a relatively large OKC in the mandibular body of a 7‐year‐old girl who was treated conservatively using cystectomy and open wound surgery, and the permanent teeth were unaffected. Regular check‐ups, including radiographic examinations, starting in childhood may contribute to the early detection of lesions in the maxillofacial region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigs are diphyodonts with heterodont dentition and have been used in studies involving teeth and jawbone regeneration, and dental implants. Patterns of tooth eruption are used to age animals and determine the effects of environmental and genetic influences on occurrence of variations. As with other species, variations exist in the tooth eruption pattern in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the permanent teeth eruption patterns of Nigerian local pigs. Twenty-six healthy pigs were observed throughout the study period. Pigs were firmly held in dorsal or lateral recumbency and their mouths gently held open to visually examine all quadrants of the dental arches (right and left maxillary, right and left mandibular). Observations were recorded from 16 weeks of age, until the last permanent tooth erupted. Results obtained from the study showed that males had lower mean values for eruption time (54%) of examined teeth in comparison to females. The mean values of eruption time for the maxillary third incisor, the mandibular and maxillary canines, and the mandibular fourth premolar teeth were statistically significant in the males (P =.0017, P =.0088, P =.0002 and P =.0244, respectively). Sixty-nine percent of the adult pigs did not have eruption of the mandibular first premolar, while polydontia was observed in the maxillary and mandibular incisors. These results show that intra-breed and inter-breed variations exist in the dental eruption pattern in pigs. The data obtained from this study can be used for comparative dental studies and can aid further research on the developmental anatomy of Nigerian local pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) have emerged as a very significant public health and social problem, especially among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth in school going children of Kolkata aged 7-14 years. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3762 school going children attending various private and public schools of Kolkata aged 7–14 years. A multistage random clustering sampling technique was adopted to select the children.Type of trauma using Ellis and Davey classification of fractures along with Andresen's Epidemiological Classification of Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth, including WHO codes, was used. All values were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Prevalence of TDI to anterior teeth was found to be 9.89%. The mean age of children who presented with TDI was 11.06 ± 1.99.years. The most common place of occurrence of TDI was home. Falls were the most common causes of trauma. Children belonging to higher socioeconomic status were observed to have an increased prevalence of TDIs.The highest potential risk factor for the occurrence of trauma was a past history of trauma. Present study found a prevalence of 9.89%, and a very low percentage of children had received treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May 2021, the American Association of Endodontists released a Position Statement on Vital Pulp Therapy (VPT) as a conservative means by which to treat inflamed vital pulps in permanent dentition. The objective of this study was to conduct a survey to understand how U.S. dental schools are educating their students regarding VPT. This survey was administered through Qualtrics. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. 43 of 66 (65%) of the dental schools in the United States completed the survey. All schools (n = 43) indicated that students receive a didactic lecture about VPT on permanent teeth. In contrast, 14 of 43 (33%) schools teach VPT on permanent teeth as a technique exercise in the simulation/pre-clinic; 29 of 43 (67%) do not. Fifty percent of newer dental schools (0-15 years) teach VPT on permanent teeth as a simulation/pre-clinic technique exercise compared with 30% of older dental schools (16 years or older). In older schools, VPT is taught by endodontists 59% of the time, whereas the percentage of endodontists teaching in newer schools is roughly half of that (33%). A paradigm shift in endodontics has occurred due to the development and use of bioceramic dental materials. The standard of dental care is shifting in favor of more conservative treatment options. The results of the study indicate that there is a deficiency in the number of U.S. dental schools teaching VPT on permanent teeth as a simulation/pre-clinic technique exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Oral is the property of Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Naissi is the property of Clinic of Stomatology Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Many studies of tooth dimensions have reported both diversity among populations and sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to collect data on mesiodistal dimensions and sexual dimorphism of permanent teeth of contemporary Western Australian adolescents.Methods: The mesiodistal dimensions of teeth from 500 adolescents (177 males, 323 females; age, 13-18 years) were obtained from pre-orthodontic treatment digital dental records of examinations using Invisalign technology. Differences between contralateral teeth and sexual dimorphism were analyzed by using SPSS.Results: Mesiodistal dimensions significantly differed between right and left teeth in both sexes. Males had larger teeth than females, and the difference was significant for most teeth. Reverse dimorphism (females had slightly larger teeth than males) was observed for the maxillary second premolar. Mandibular canines exhibited the greatest dimorphism. In addition, secular trends-specifically, a reduction in the degree of dimorphism-were observed in mesiodistal dimensions.Conclusion: Mesiodistal dimensions significantly differed between teeth in contralateral quadrants, in both arches. Most teeth exhibited sexual dimorphism, which was the greatest for permanent mandibular canines. Dimorphism was less obvious in this population than in other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Naissi is the property of Clinic of Stomatology Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The effects of argon laser (AL) irradiation exposure and remineralizing solution (RS) treatment were evaluated alone and in combination on caries-like lesion formation in permanent tooth root surfaces in an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Ten caries-free permanent tooth root surfaces were divided into 4 segments and each segment from each tooth was assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: no treatment control (n = 10), AL irradiation alone at 13.5 J/cm² (0.270 W, 5-mm beam, 10 s, n = 10), RS treatment alone for 2 min (n = 10), and AL irradiation before RS treatment (n = 10). This allowed each tooth to serve as a matched internal control for each of the treatments. In vitro caries were created using a modified ten Gate solution. The longitudinal sections (3 per tooth segment, 30 per treatment group) were evaluated for mean lesion depth. Results: After lesion formation, mean lesion depths (± standard deviation) were 288 ± 32 μm for the no treatment controls, 198 ± 23μm for AL irradiation alone, 188 ± 19 μm for RS treatment alone, and 109 ± 14 μm for AL irradiation before RS treatment. All treatment groups had mean lesion depths that were significantly less than those for the matched no treatment control group (ANOVA, Duncan multiple range [DMR] test, p < 0.05). AL irradiation before RS treatment significantly reduced lesion depth compared with AL irradiation alone or RS treatment alone (ANOVA, DMR test, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both AL and RS alone provided significant reductions in lesion depths for in vitro root surface caries compared with no treatment controls. However, the maximum reduction in caries-like lesion depth on permanent tooth root surfaces was achieved when the RS, containing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride in a carbopol base, was combined with AL irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: During enamel formation, any disturbance and/or damage to the enamel organ may result in developmental defects of enamel. The present study was conducted among primary schools children to assess the prevalence of enamel defects in relation to the nutritional status of the child. Materials and Methods: The selected sample composed of 1122 elementary school students in the center of Al-Najaf city, aged (8-10) years. All the permanent teeth of the participated students were examined for the presence of the enamel defects according to the criteria of enamel defects index of WHO (1997). Their nutritional status was determined using WHO anthroplus software by calculating the body mass index (BMI) for age (Z score). Results: Regarding the body mass index, the enamel defects among the obese students were more prevalent (23.06%). For the total sample, the percentage of the students free from enamel defects was 77.63%. The demarcated opacity in the overweight category was the most prevalent (18.9%), however, the diffuse opacity was more frequent among the normal weight category (2.61%). Conversely, the diffuse opacity and hypoplasia formed the least prevalent score, presented as a single case only within the normal weight category. It was found that the mean of teeth free from enamel defects (normal) was increased with increasing of the body mass index for age, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). Conclusion: A relationship was found between the enamel defects and the nutritional status where the obese students showed the highest percentage of enamel defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction This study aimed to compare the success rates of direct pulp capping (DPC) by using either ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) or Biodentine in the cariously exposed permanent teeth of 6- to 18-year-old patients. Gray discoloration was also evaluated. Methods Fifty-nine cariously exposed permanent teeth, including teeth with diagnosis of normal pulp, reversible pulpitis, or irreversible pulpitis, early periapical involvement, and exposure size of up to 2.5 mm, were included. Each patient with only 1 cariously exposed tooth was randomly allocated to DPC with either ProRoot MTA ( n = 30) or Biodentine ( n = 29). Patients were recalled every 6 months. Clinical and radiographic examinations were used to determine success. Results Fifty-five patients (mean age, 10 ± 2 years), 27 treated with ProRoot MTA and 28 with Biodentine, were included in the analysis. At mean follow-up of 18.9 ± 12.9 months, the success rate was 92.6% with ProRoot MTA and 96.4% with Biodentine ( P > .05; difference, 4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –8% to 16%). Biodentine was non-inferior to ProRoot MTA. Failures were distributed equally in all categories of pulpal diagnosis and occurred in teeth with no periapical involvement and small exposures (0.5 mm). The survival probabilities of DPC with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.73–0.98) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.80–0.99). No significant difference was observed between them ( P > .05). Gray discoloration was observed only with ProRoot MTA (55%). Conclusions Biodentine was non-inferior to ProRoot MTA when used as a DPC material for cariously exposed permanent teeth of 6- to 18-year-old patients. However, Biodentine did not cause any gray discoloration in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the water storage degradation of resin-dentine bonds of different adhesive systems to primary and permanent human dentine. Methods: Flat occlusal human dentine surfaces of 15 primary molars and 15 permanent molars were randomly assigned according to adhesive systems: Adper Single Bond 2; Clearfil SE Bond and One Up Bond F Plus. After bonding procedures, the adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions and composite resin blocks were built. Restored teeth were sectioned rendering rectangular sticks (RS) (0.4 mm). The RS were submitted to microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test according to the water storage time: 24 h, 1-year, and 2-years. Mean µTBS values were analysed by three-way analysis of variance (mixed design) and Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). The failure mode was analysed at 400× magnification. Results: All three factors isolated showed significant influences on µTBS, as did the cross-product interactions between material vs. storage time (p = 0.01) and substrate vs. storage time (p = 0.002). Bond strength means to primary dentine were lower than to permanent dentine (34.7 ± 10.1 and 45.8 ± 12.9 mPa, respectively) after 2-years of water storage. The one-step self-etch adhesive (One Up Bond F Plus) showed less stable bond strength after 2-years of water storage. Conclusion: The resin-dentine bond of primary teeth was more prone to degradation over time compared to permanent dentine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction During the past decade, with a view to understanding pulp biology better and developing bioactive materials, pulpotomy has been reinvestigated as a definitive treatment in mature permanent teeth. Pulp chamber pulpotomy or coronal pulpotomy is widely used in deciduous and immature permanent teeth, and there is thus a need for trials to evaluate the outcome of pulpotomy as a therapeutic procedure on mature permanent teeth in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines. This study aimed to review publications reporting the outcomes of pulpotomy when indicated as a definitive treatment in mature permanent teeth and to discuss the relevance of the criteria that could be used in clinical practice or research. Methods A review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was conducted on publications found by both PubMed and backward research. Results Seven clinical trials, 9 cohort studies, and 15 cases reports have been included. Overall, goals, criteria for inclusion, and criteria for outcomes of pulpotomy varied among studies. The relevance and the reliability of the success or failure criteria of pulpotomy were discussed regarding the possible evolution of the radicular pulpal status that could be expected after pulpotomy. Finally, criteria for the evaluation of the outcome of pulpotomy are proposed. Conclusions The use of standardized outcome criteria would facilitate further meta-analyses, aiming to assess whether pulpotomy should be considered as a true alternative therapy to root treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the expression of possible secular trend in timing of the emergence of permanent teeth in Finnish children over the past few decades, considering the differences between genders. Materials and Methods: Two age groups of Finnish children, one born in 1976-1985 (group 1980) and the other born in 1999-2002 (group 2000), were examined. Group 2000 comprised 483 children (235 girls and 248 boys) aged 6.4 to 8.5 years at the time of the examination, and the same children were examined at the age of 9.0 to 11.8 years. Altogether 405 children could be recalled, 196 girls and 209 boys. For comparison, matching age groups were selected from the group 1980 data (n = 1579), resulting in a sample of 312 children (155 girls and 157 boys) aged 6.4 to 8.5 years and 393 children aged 9.0 to 11.8 years. The emergence stage of each permanent tooth was determined clinically (Grades 0-3), based on which the subjects were furthermore divided according to the emergence stage of the dentition. Results: Linear regression models showed that the permanent teeth of the first phase of the mixed dentition erupted earlier in group 2000 than in group1980, but the teeth of the second phase of the mixed dentition erupted later in group 2000. Girls showed more advanced tooth eruption than boys. Conclusion: The longer duration of mixed dentition in group 2000 than in group 1980 makes the duration of combined follow-up and active treatment longer, and should be considered in timing of efficient orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineralization sequence of permanent dentition can be used to assess the stage of development and age of individuals. The most commonly used methods are based on the assessment of developmental stages of target groups of teeth on one side of the lower jaw. When compared with the rest of the world, fewer studies have been done on dental age in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in the region of Southern Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the chronology of mineralization of permanent teeth by the evaluation of developmental stages according to the Demirjian's method from 1973 and to evaluate dental age by using sex-specific self-weighted scores for dental stages and 50th percentile conversion tables of total maturity scores of seven mandibular teeth. We used a sample of panoramic radiographs (OPTs) of black African children and adolescents from the city of Gaborone, Botswana, with the aim of forming an appropriate sample to evaluate the development of the teeth in this socio-geographic environment. The final sample consisted of 1760 OPTs (807 males and 953 females) of individuals aged 6–23 years. The developmental stages of the all permanent teeth in the left side of the maxilla and the mandible were evaluated. Comparing the maxilla and the mandible, we found similar development within different stages for most of the teeth. In comparison to the average age at each stage of development, including the third molars between males and females, it is evident that females are slightly faster in developing permanent teeth, but without statistical significance for most of the developmental stages. Applying 50th percentile conversion tables for calculating the dental age for the first seven mandibular teeth, 616 OPTs of the children (299 males and 317 females), aged 6.08–16.80 years, were evaluated and their dental age was calculated. Mean dental age was overestimated in comparison to chronological age by 1.25 ± 1.11 years and 0.72 ± 1.02 years for males and females, respectively ( p < 0.001). These findings indicate that Demirjian's method from 1973 is not suitable for routine use and that there is a need for establishing specific standards for Botswana children of black African origin for dental age estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Bacterial taxa in the forefront of caries biofilms are candidate pathogens for irreversible pulpitis and are possibly the first ones to invade the pulp and initiate endodontic infection. This study examined the microbiota of the most advanced layers of dentinal caries in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Methods DNA extracted from samples taken from deep dentinal caries associated with pulp exposures was analyzed for the presence and relative levels of 33 oral bacterial taxa by using reverse-capture checkerboard hybridization assay. Quantification of total bacteria, streptococci, and lactobacilli was also performed by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Associations between the target bacterial taxa and clinical signs/symptoms were also evaluated. Results The most frequently detected taxa in the checkerboard assay were Atopobium genomospecies C1 (53%), Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus (37%), Streptococcus species (33%), Streptococcus mutans (33%), Parvimonas micra (13%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (13%), and Veillonella species (13%). Streptococcus species, Dialister invisus , and P. micra were significantly associated with throbbing pain, S. mutans with pain to percussion, and Lactobacillus with continuous pain ( P < .05). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a mean total bacterial load of 1 × 10 8 (range, 2.05 × 10 5 to 4.5 × 10 8 ) cell equivalents per milligram (wet weight) of dentin. Streptococci and lactobacilli were very prevalent but comprised only 0.09% and 2% of the whole bacterial population, respectively. Conclusions Several bacterial taxa were found in advanced caries lesions in teeth with exposed pulps, and some of them were significantly associated with symptoms. A role for these taxa in the etiology of irreversible pulpitis is suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE:To investigate the status of dental caries in children of primary school in Hangzhou City from 2009 to 2011. METHODS:The status of dental caries was examined annually from 2009 to 2011, and the caries prevalence, filling rates, mean DMFT/dmft were recorded. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:From 2009 to 2011, the caries prevalence of deciduous teeth were 49.27 %, 48.09 % and 48.33 %, mean draft were 2.78, 2.81 and 2.84, filling rates of deciduous teeth were 3.92%, 4.31% and 4.28 %, respectively. No significant difference was found in the caries prevalence of temporal teeth, filling rates of tempora teeth, mean dnfft. For the permanent teeth, the caries prevalence were 20.24%, 18.48% and 15.85%, mean DMFT were 0.46, 0.41 and 0.33, filling rates were 10.17 %, 15.67 % and 23.00 %, respectively. From 2009 to 2011, the caries prevalence and mean DMFT of permanent teeth was decreased, while the filling rate was increased. CONCLUSIONS:In the past three years, the status of dental caries of permanent teeth shows a remarkable improving tendency in children of primal school in Hangzhou City. However, the status of dental caries of deciduous teeth presents no significant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: The loss of dental pulp may weaken teeth, rendering them susceptible to reinfection, fracture, and subsequent tooth loss. Therefore, regeneration of pulp is considered an ideal treatment to preserve teeth. The aim of this study was to explore the capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to regenerate dental pulp in canine mature permanent teeth. Methods: Pulpectomy with apical foramen enlarged to a #80 file was performed in 16 upper premolars of 4 beagle dogs. Four experimental groups were randomly established: (1) the blood clot group, (2) the autologous DPSCs group, (3) the PRP group, and (4) the DP + PRP group (a mixture of DPSCs and PRP). Four lower premolars without any further treatment after pulpectomy were used as the control group. All teeth were sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate and composite. Twelve weeks after transplantation, the teeth were subjected to radiographic and histologic examination. Results: Twenty-four of 32 experimental root canals gained newly formed tissues. All canals with an introduction of a blood clot showed histologic evidence of vital tissue formation. Cementum-like and periodontal ligament–like tissues along the internal root canal walls were typical structures in most cases. There is no significant difference between groups with or without autologous DPSC transplantation (exact chi-square test, P < .05). Conclusions: New vital tissues can be regenerated in permanent canine teeth after pulpectomy and enlargement of the apical foramen. Histologically, transplantation of DPSCs and/or PRP into root canals showed no enhancement in new tissue formation compared with inducement of a blood clot into the root canals alone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Swedish Dental Journal is the property of Swedish Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and etiology of dental trauma in children aged 2-15 in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The study evaluated 226 patients (139 boys, 87girls) with 346 traumatized teeth who were referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry of Karadeniz Technical University in Trabzon, Turkey over a one-year period. Trauma was found to occur most frequently in girls aged 8 years and boys aged 10 years. The majority of injured teeth were permanent teeth (77.2%). Most trauma occurred in the maxillary arch (89.6%), with the maxillary central incisors the most affected tooth in both primary (69.6%) and permanent (83.5%) dentition. Single-tooth injury was predominant in all age groups (64.2%). Children with an overjet greater than 3 mm accounted for a greater percentage of dental injuries (73.9%) than those with an overjet less than 3 mm, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Moreover, overjet was not found to have a significant effect on the number of teeth involved in a traumatic dental injury. The most common cause of dental trauma was 'falls' (48.7%). The most frequent type of injury was enamel-dentin crown fracture without pulpal exposure in permanent dentition (38.8%) and lateral luxation in primary dentition (21.0%). Families and health-care systems need to provide safe and appropriate first-aid treatment for traumatic dental injuries, with follow-up treatment by dental-health providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Lately, several new stem cell sources and their effective isolation have been reported that claim to have potential for therapeutic applications. However, it is not yet clear which type of stem cell sources are most potent and best for targeted therapy. Lack of understanding of nature of these cells and their lineage-specific propensity might hinder their full potential. Therefore, understanding the gene expression profile that indicates their lineage-specific proclivity is fundamental to the development of successful cell-based therapies. Methods: We compared proliferation rate, gene expression profile, and lineage-specific propensity of stem cells derived from human deciduous (SCD) and permanent teeth (DPSCs) over 5 passages. Results: The proliferation rate of SCD was higher (cell number, 25 × 106 cells/mL; percent colony-forming units [CFUs], 151.67 ± 10.5; percent cells in S/G2 phase, 12.4 ± 1.48) than that of DPSCs (cell number, 21 × 106 cells/mL; percent CFUs, 133 ± 17.62; percent cells in S/G2 phase, 10.4 ± 1.18). It was observed that fold expression of several pluripotent markers such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and REX1 were higher (>2) in SCD as compared with DPSCs. However, DPSCs showed higher expression of neuroectodermal markers PAX6, GBX2, and nestin (fold expression >100). Similarly, higher neurosphere formation and neuronal marker expression (NF, GFAP) were found in the differentiated DPSCs into neuron-like cells as compared with SCD. Conclusions: This study thus demonstrates that both SCD and DPSCs exhibit specific gene expression profile, with clear-cut inclination of DPSCs toward neuronal lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: The occurrence of multiple injuries of the same tooth is extremely rare. This case report describes the treatment in a midroot and complicated crown-root–fractured permanent incisor that remained untreated for 4 years after the accident. Methods: The tooth was treated by delayed partial pulpotomy using calcium hydroxide. Results: At the 3-year follow-up after treatment, the tooth was still vital and functional without any clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms. Conclusions: A young permanent tooth with hyperplastic pulpitis caused by trauma has a great inherent defensive capacity to heal after delayed partial pulpotomy despite adverse conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the canal morphology of 504 maxillary permanent teeth of subjects of Han nationality in Chinese Guanzhong area. Methods: Maxillary permanent teeth were randomly collected in Guanzhong area. After regular preparation, the teeth were immersed into ink without preparing access cavities and then put into hyperbaric oxygen chamber (0.6 Mpa) for 2 hours to let the ink penetrate into root canal from apical foramen, apical deltas and foramen of lateral canals under stable positive pressure. After demineralization and clearing, the following observations were made: (1) number of root canals, (2) root canal configuration by using Vertucci''s classification, (3) presence of lateral canals, and (4) frequency of apical deltas. Results: All the teeth were well-stained, and the fine details were well-revealed. Apical deltas (12.2%–83.3%) and lateral canals (13.7%–68.8%) could be frequently found in all types of maxillary teeth. Most of central incisors (95.8%), lateral incisors (91.4%), and canines (75.4%) displayed type I canal configuration, whereas most of first premolars (87.3%) and second premolars (72.3%) possessed 2 canals with type II, IV, or VI canal configuration. The majority of distobuccal roots and palatal roots of first molars (88.9%, 97.8%), second molars (92.0%, 94.0%), and third molars (87.5%, 91.6%) possessed type I canal configuration. The prevalence of mesiobuccal roots with type I configuration was 66.7% in maxillary first molars, 82% in second molars, and 62.5% in third molars. Conclusions: The modified technique of canal staining can effectively reveal detailed root canal system. The canal configuration of maxillary teeth in subjects of Han nationality in Chinese Guanzhong area is consistent with previous reports in other races. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SmearClear (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and EDTA for smear layer removal from root canals of permanent teeth after instrumentation. Thirty extracted human permanent teeth (n = 10) were randomly assigned to the following groups: group 1 = 14.3% EDTA, group 2 = SmearClear, and group 3 = no smear layer removal procedure was undertaken (control). The specimens were submitted to scanning electron microscopy analysis. Magnifications of 200× and 750× were used to evaluate cleaning at the apical, middle, and cervical thirds according to a three-point scoring system. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney U test (5% significance level). Groups 1 and 2 differed significantly from group 3 (p < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups 1 and 2. In conclusion, SmearClear was able to remove the smear layer from the root canals of permanent teeth similarly as 14.3% EDTA, suggesting that both solutions may be indicated for such purpose. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of developmental enamel defects and caries in children with celiac disease (CD) and compare the results obtained with those of a control group of children without CD. A total of 64 subjects (mean age 8.2 years) selected from patients diagnosed and treated for CD were studied. Sixty-four age/sex-matched healthy children were enrolled as a control group. Permanent dentition enamel defects were recorded according to Aine's classification. The caries experience of the children was recorded according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). The prevalence of enamel defect in CD subjects was found to be significantly higher (42.2%) than in healthy subjects (9.4%) (p<0.001). Grade I type enamel defects were most commonly diagnosed in both groups (20.3% and 6.3%, respectively). The number of caries-free subjects in the control group was higher (38%) than in the CD group (17%). This study clearly showed that children with CD were at an increased risk of dental enamel defects compared with healthy subjects. Enamel defects were associated with an increased caries incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare high speed and ultrasonic systems with regard to both topography and smear layer formation in the cavity preparations of sound primary and permanent molars. Class I occlusal cavities measuring 2.00 x 2.00 x 2.00 mm were performed in 14 molars, equally divided into two groups (GI = 7 primary teeth and GII = 7 permanent teeth). High speed rotary instruments produced regular layers of enamel and dentin, despite the marked presence of grooves and microfractures on enamel surfaces. On the other hand, ultrasonic abrasion yielded more irregular surfaces in enamel and dentin, with a granular and wavy aspect, but without microfractures in enamel. Both types of dental substrates were found to have an intense smear layer formation, partially or even completely obliterating the dentinal tubules (p>0.05), irrespective of the instrument used. No difference was observed in either primary or permanent teeth as regards the amount of smear layer produced by high speed or ultrasonic abrasion instruments (p>0.05). It was concluded that with regard to the topography of cavity preparations, there were differences between the instruments used, irrespective of the dental substrate. Both systems allowed dense smear layer formation, which completely or partially obliterated the dentinal tubules of primary and permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of cut-off points on the performance of laser fluorescence (LF) in detecting occlusal caries in permanent and primary teeth. The use of different cut-off points influenced the performance of LF device in detection of occlusal caries in both kind of teeth, but the performance in permanent teeth suffered more influence from variation of cut-off points scales than in primary group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth agenesis is one of the most common anomalies of the human dentition characterized by the developmental absence of teeth. Missing one or more teeth is common, but absence of multiple teeth is rare. The present case report describes multiple missing permanent teeth in a non syndromic familial tooth agenesis patient and an overview of the genetic concepts involved in tooth agenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the use of the periotest for measuring tooth mobility of upper permanent incisor teeth in children. A total of 160 children, with equal numbers of boys and girls aged between 9 and 16 years had two periotest readings made on their upper incisor teeth. In all 1,280 measurements were collected and analysed. The results showed that the second periotest readings were statistically significantly higher than the first. Periotest readings were lower for girls than boys of the same ages. The periotest may have a place as a diagnostic tool in paediatric dentistry and dental traumalogy, however, further research is necessary before the periotest can be used to assist in the diagnosis and assessment of healing of traumatised teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are several epidemiological studies on dental trauma internationally, there are not many studies that record, analyse and follow different kinds of dental trauma treated in a private office, and that evaluate how parameters such as type of dental trauma, as well as time lapse until treatment might influence the final outcome and the prognosis of the teeth. The sample consisted of 242 patients, 6-17 years of age, with 369 injured teeth treated within a period of 5 years. All the cases were treated by the first author and were followed for at least 3 years. The treatment modalities used were based upon the clinical examination and the history of the case and included direct and indirect pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, pulpotomy, pulpectomy and splinting. The type of trauma was classified based on WHO classification partially modified. Seventy six percent of teeth suffered only hard tissue injuries and 22% had only periodontal ligament (PDL) trauma. Of the total number of teeth class I represented 3%, class II 59%, class III 20% and class IV 2%. Of the PDL injuries 14% of the teeth suffered concussion, 69% luxation and 17% exarticulation. The highest incidence of dental trauma was observed at the age of 10. Sixty eight percent of the patients sought treatment 3 days or more after the trauma had occurred (delayed treatment), while only 32% within the first 3 days (immediate treatment). The main reasons for delayed treatment were neglect (50%) and unawareness (37%). Of the teeth with delayed treatment 43% became necrotic, while only 28% of the teeth that were treated on time needed pulpectomy. Luxation caused more pulp necrosis (46%) than Class I (0%) Class II (7%) or Class III (34%) type of trauma. The data from this study suggested that a) most of the dental injuries on permanent teeth were class II or III type, b) a high percentage (68%) of the patients sought treatment more than 3 days after the injury (delayed treatment) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: This was to assess the effect of bevelling the margins of fissures on buccal surfaces in permanent molars on marginal microleakage of fissure sealants. METHODS: The in vitro study was performed on buccal surfaces of 20 extracted permanent third molars, randomly divided into two groups of 10 teeth. Group I: performing enameloplasty (opening the fissures using fissurotomy bur), conditioning with phosphoric acid (37% phosphoric acid for 20 s), placing bonding (enamel bonding agent), and then fissure sealant. Group II: all stages were similar to group I, except for bevelling the margins of buccal fissures (0.5 mm bevel) after enameloplasty. Teeth were then thermocycled, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin, sectioned and examined for marginal microleakage. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No dye penetration was seen in Group II (with bevel), but there was a 60% microleakage in Group I (without bevel) (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In permanent molar teeth, bevelling the margins of fissures on the buccal surfaces appears to reduce the marginal microleakage of fissure sealants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of closing root apex of permanent teeth with mineral trioxide aggregate to form barricade in root tip under the dental operating microscope. METHODS: 63 teeth treated in our department with open root apex and periapical periodontitis were selected, MTA was used to rigorously close the root apex under microscope, and thermoplastic gutta pertscha was used to fill dental root after formation of barricade in the root tip. All patients revisited regularly for clinical examinations after treatment. RESULTS : Among the 63 treated teeth, only one tooth (23) was insufficiently filled because of the long dental root and unclear field of vision under microscope, the remaining 62 teeth were filled adequately. The postoperative dental film showed 43 teeth were properly filled while 17 had a little over-filling. The patients were rechecked after three months, and the results showed that 2 patients underwent retro-filling because of fistula, 2 patients were lost during follow-up period, and the remaining patients reached the requirement for success including no sensitivity to percussion, improvement or disappearance of pathological changes around the root tip on dental film and regeneration of bone trabecula. The therapeutic effect was not influenced by minor over-filling. The overall success rate was 95%. CONCLUSION: The method of using mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)to treat teeth with root apex open is accurate and convenient and the effect is pretty good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigated the association between household member’s (HHM) smoking or secondhand smoke exposure and caries, using a cross-sectional sample of adolescents who had both dental examination and data on HHM smoking (n = 1,873). The results suggest that HHM smoking may be a risk indicator for caries in adolescents’ permanent teeth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two groups of Finnish children, 1008 from the eastern part of the country and 569 from the western part, aged 5 to 16 years, were examined to determine the timing of permanent tooth emergence and any regional variation therein. The probit analysis was used to calculate the median ages of eruption. Permanent teeth in the first phase of the mixed dentition erupted earlier and premolars erupted later than previously reported for Scandinavian populations. The former finding could reflect the secular trend; the latter is probably related to the dramatically improved dental health in Finnish children. No regional variation in eruption was found. The median ages of eruption of permanent teeth determined in the present study are suggested for use as national standards for permanent tooth emergence in Finland, separately for girls and boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]