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501 results on '"Perry, John"'

1. Saturation genome editing of BAP1functionally classifies somatic and germline variants

Author

Waters, Andrew J., Brendler-Spaeth, Timothy, Smith, Danielle, Offord, Victoria, Tan, Hong Kee, Zhao, Yajie, Obolenski, Sofia, Nielsen, Maartje, van Doorn, Remco, Murphy, Jo-Ellen, Gupta, Prashant, Rowlands, Charlie F., Hanson, Helen, Delage, Erwan, Thomas, Mark, Radford, Elizabeth J., Gerety, Sebastian S., Turnbull, Clare, Perry, John R. B., Hurles, Matthew E., and Adams, David J.

Abstract

Many variants that we inherit from our parents or acquire de novo or somatically are rare, limiting the precision with which we can associate them with disease. We performed exhaustive saturation genome editing (SGE) of BAP1, the disruption of which is linked to tumorigenesis and altered neurodevelopment. We experimentally characterized 18,108 unique variants, of which 6,196 were found to have abnormal functions, and then used these data to evaluate phenotypic associations in the UK Biobank. We also characterized variants in a large population-ascertained tumor collection, in cancer pedigrees and ClinVar, and explored the behavior of cancer-associated variants compared to that of variants linked to neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Our analyses demonstrated that disruptive germline BAP1variants were significantly associated with higher circulating levels of the mitogen IGF-1, suggesting a possible pathological mechanism and therapeutic target. Furthermore, we built a variant classifier with >98% sensitivity and specificity and quantify evidence strengths to aid precision variant interpretation.

Published
2024
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2. Protein-truncating variants in BSNare associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease

Author

Zhao, Yajie, Chukanova, Maria, Kentistou, Katherine A., Fairhurst-Hunter, Zammy, Siegert, Anna Maria, Jia, Raina Y., Dowsett, Georgina K. C., Gardner, Eugene J., Lawler, Katherine, Day, Felix R., Kaisinger, Lena R., Tung, Yi-Chun Loraine, Lam, Brian Yee Hong, Chen, Hsiao-Jou Cortina, Wang, Quanli, Berumen-Campos, Jaime, Kuri-Morales, Pablo, Tapia-Conyer, Roberto, Alegre-Diaz, Jesus, Barroso, Inês, Emberson, Jonathan, Torres, Jason M., Collins, Rory, Saleheen, Danish, Smith, Katherine R., Paul, Dirk S., Merkle, Florian, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Wareham, Nick J., Petrovski, Slavé, O’Rahilly, Stephen, Ong, Ken K., Yeo, Giles S. H., and Perry, John R. B.

Abstract

Obesity is a major risk factor for many common diseases and has a substantial heritable component. To identify new genetic determinants, we performed exome-sequence analyses for adult body mass index (BMI) in up to 587,027 individuals. We identified rare loss-of-function variants in two genes (BSNand APBA1) with effects substantially larger than those of well-established obesity genes such as MC4R. In contrast to most other obesity-related genes, rare variants in BSNand APBA1were not associated with normal variation in childhood adiposity. Furthermore, BSNprotein-truncating variants (PTVs) magnified the influence of common genetic variants associated with BMI, with a common variant polygenic score exhibiting an effect twice as large in BSNPTV carriers than in noncarriers. Finally, we explored the plasma proteomic signatures of BSNPTV carriers as well as the functional consequences of BSNdeletion in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamic neurons. Collectively, our findings implicate degenerative processes in synaptic function in the etiology of adult-onset obesity.

Published
2024
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3. UN Human Rights Council Again Supports US Regime Change Plans for Nicaragua.

Author

DE ZAYAS, ALFRED and PERRY, JOHN

Abstract

The article discusses the United Nations' "group of human rights experts on Nicaragua" (GHREN) and their reports on alleged human rights violations in Nicaragua since April 2018. The article argues that the GHREN's reports are biased and omit important information, focusing only on alleged violations by the government while ignoring violence by opposition groups. The Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition and other organizations have criticized the GHREN's work and called for the reports to be withdrawn. The article also raises concerns about the functioning of the UN Human Rights Council and calls for reform. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

4. Metabolic control of puberty: 60 years in the footsteps of Kennedy and Mitra’s seminal work

Author

Anderson, Greg M., Hill, Jennifer W., Kaiser, Ursula B., Navarro, Victor M., Ong, Ken K., Perry, John R. B., Prevot, Vincent, Tena-Sempere, Manuel, and Elias, Carol F.

Abstract

An individual’s nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra’s trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.

Published
2024
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5. Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum

Author

Kentistou, Katherine A., Kaisinger, Lena R., Stankovic, Stasa, Vaudel, Marc, Mendes de Oliveira, Edson, Messina, Andrea, Walters, Robin G., Liu, Xiaoxi, Busch, Alexander S., Helgason, Hannes, Thompson, Deborah J., Santoni, Federico, Petricek, Konstantin M., Zouaghi, Yassine, Huang-Doran, Isabel, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Bratland, Eirik, Lin, Kuang, Gardner, Eugene J., Zhao, Yajie, Jia, Raina Y., Terao, Chikashi, Riggan, Marjorie J., Bolla, Manjeet K., Yazdanpanah, Mojgan, Yazdanpanah, Nahid, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Broer, Linda, Campbell, Archie, Chasman, Daniel I., Cousminer, Diana L., Franceschini, Nora, Franke, Lude H., Girotto, Giorgia, He, Chunyan, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Joshi, Peter K., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Karlsson, Robert, Luan, Jian’an, Lunetta, Kathryn L., Mägi, Reedik, Mangino, Massimo, Medland, Sarah E., Meisinger, Christa, Noordam, Raymond, Nutile, Teresa, Concas, Maria Pina, Polašek, Ozren, Porcu, Eleonora, Ring, Susan M., Sala, Cinzia, Smith, Albert V., Tanaka, Toshiko, van der Most, Peter J., Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Carol A., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zygmunt, Marek, Ahearn, Thomas U., Andrulis, Irene L., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C., Auer, Paul L., Barnes, Catriona L. K., Beckmann, Matthias W., Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Stig E., Brenner, Hermann, Buring, Julie E., Canzian, Federico, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Couch, Fergus J., Cox, Angela, Crisponi, Laura, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B., Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, De Vivo, Immaculata, Dörk, Thilo, Dunning, Alison M., Dwek, Miriam, Eriksson, Johan G., Fasching, Peter A., Fernandez-Rhodes, Lindsay, Ferreli, Liana, Fletcher, Olivia, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A., González-Neira, Anna, Grallert, Harald, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hart, Roger J., Hickey, Martha, Hooning, Maartje J., Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hu, Frank B., Huebner, Hanna, Hunter, David J., Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M., Karasik, David, Khusnutdinova, Elza K., Kristensen, Vessela N., Lacey, James V., Lambrechts, Diether, Launer, Lenore J., Lind, Penelope A., Lindblom, Annika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mannermaa, Arto, McCarthy, Mark I., Meitinger, Thomas, Menni, Cristina, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Millwood, Iona Y., Milne, Roger L., Montgomery, Grant W., Nevanlinna, Heli, Nolte, Ilja M., Nyholt, Dale R., Obi, Nadia, O’Brien, Katie M., Offit, Kenneth, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ostrowski, Sisse R., Palotie, Aarno, Pedersen, Ole B., Peters, Annette, Pianigiani, Giulia, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pouta, Anneli, Pozarickij, Alfred, Radice, Paolo, Rennert, Gad, Rosendaal, Frits R., Ruggiero, Daniela, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P., Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Small, Kerrin, Spedicati, Beatrice, Stampfer, Meir, Stone, Jennifer, Tamimi, Rulla M., Teras, Lauren R., Tikkanen, Emmi, Turman, Constance, Vachon, Celine M., Wang, Qin, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Zemel, Babette S., Zheng, Wei, van Dijk, Ko W., Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Bandinelli, Stefania, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Ciullo, Marina, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Cucca, Francesco, Esko, Tõnu, Gieger, Christian, Grant, Struan F. A., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hayward, Caroline, Kolčić, Ivana, Kraft, Peter, Lawlor, Deborah A., Martin, Nicholas G., Nøhr, Ellen A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pennell, Craig E., Ridker, Paul M., Robino, Antonietta, Snieder, Harold, Sovio, Ulla, Spector, Tim D., Stöckl, Doris, Sudlow, Cathie, Timpson, Nic J., Toniolo, Daniela, Uitterlinden, André, Ulivi, Sheila, Völzke, Henry, Wareham, Nicholas J., Widen, Elisabeth, Wilson, James F., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Li, Liming, Easton, Douglas F., Njølstad, Pål R., Sulem, Patrick, Murabito, Joanne M., Murray, Anna, Manousaki, Despoina, Juul, Anders, Erikstrup, Christian, Stefansson, Kari, Horikoshi, Momoko, Chen, Zhengming, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Pitteloud, Nelly, Johansson, Stefan, Day, Felix R., Perry, John R. B., and Ong, Ken K.

Abstract

Pubertal timing varies considerably and is associated with later health outcomes. We performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses on ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 signals for age at menarche. Collectively, these explained 11% of trait variance in an independent sample. Women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibited ~11 and ~14-fold higher risks of delayed and precocious puberty, respectively. We identified several genes harboring rare loss-of-function variants in ~200,000 women, including variants in ZNF483, which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Variant-to-gene mapping approaches and mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron RNA sequencing implicated 665 genes, including an uncharacterized G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR83, which amplified the signaling of MC3R, a key nutritional sensor. Shared signals with menopause timing at genes involved in DNA damage response suggest that the ovarian reserve might signal centrally to trigger puberty. We also highlight body size-dependent and independent mechanisms that potentially link reproductive timing to later life disease.

Published
2024
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6. Genetic drivers and cellular selection of female mosaic X chromosome loss

Author

Liu, Aoxing, Genovese, Giulio, Zhao, Yajie, Pirinen, Matti, Zekavat, Seyedeh M., Kentistou, Katherine A., Yang, Zhiyu, Yu, Kai, Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, Liu, Xiaoxi, Brown, Derek W., Hudjashov, Georgi, Gorman, Bryan R., Dennis, Joe, Zhou, Weiyin, Momozawa, Yukihide, Pyarajan, Saiju, Tuzov, Valdislav, Pajuste, Fanny-Dhelia, Aavikko, Mervi, Sipilä, Timo P., Ghazal, Awaisa, Huang, Wen-Yi, Freedman, Neal D., Song, Lei, Gardner, Eugene J., Sankaran, Vijay G., Palotie, Aarno, Ollila, Hanna M., Tukiainen, Taru, Chanock, Stephen J., Mägi, Reedik, Natarajan, Pradeep, Daly, Mark J., Bick, Alexander, McCarroll, Steven A., Terao, Chikashi, Loh, Po-Ru, Ganna, Andrea, Perry, John R. B., and Machiela, Mitchell J.

Abstract

Mosaic loss of the X chromosome (mLOX) is the most common clonal somatic alteration in leukocytes of female individuals1,2, but little is known about its genetic determinants or phenotypic consequences. Here, to address this, we used data from 883,574 female participants across 8 biobanks; 12% of participants exhibited detectable mLOX in approximately 2% of leukocytes. Female participants with mLOX had an increased risk of myeloid and lymphoid leukaemias. Genetic analyses identified 56 common variants associated with mLOX, implicating genes with roles in chromosomal missegregation, cancer predisposition and autoimmune diseases. Exome-sequence analyses identified rare missense variants in FBXO10that confer a twofold increased risk of mLOX. Only a small fraction of associations was shared with mosaic Y chromosome loss, suggesting that distinct biological processes drive formation and clonal expansion of sex chromosome missegregation. Allelic shift analyses identified X chromosome alleles that are preferentially retained in mLOX, demonstrating variation at many loci under cellular selection. A polygenic score including 44 allelic shift loci correctly inferred the retained X chromosomes in 80.7% of mLOX cases in the top decile. Our results support a model in which germline variants predispose female individuals to acquiring mLOX, with the allelic content of the X chromosome possibly shaping the magnitude of clonal expansion.

Published
2024
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7. SHP-1 inhibition targets leukaemia stem cells to restore immunosurveillance and enhance chemosensitivity by metabolic reprogramming

Author

Xu, Xi, Yu, Yanhui, Zhang, Wenwen, Ma, Weiwei, He, Chong, Qiu, Guo, Wang, Xinyi, Liu, Qiong, Zhao, Minyi, Xie, Jiayi, Tao, Fang, Perry, John M., Liu, Qifa, Rao, Shuan, Kang, Xunlei, Zhao, Meng, and Jiang, Linjia

Abstract

Leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukaemia present a considerable treatment challenge due to their resistance to chemotherapy and immunosurveillance. The connection between these properties in LSCs remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in LSCs increases their glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing their sensitivity to chemotherapy and vulnerability to immunosurveillance. Mechanistically, SHP-1 inhibition leads to the upregulation of phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP) through the AKT–β-catenin pathway. The increase in PFKP elevates energy metabolic activities and, as a consequence, enhances the sensitivity of LSCs to chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, the upregulation of PFKP promotes MYC degradation and, consequently, reduces the immune evasion abilities of LSCs. Overall, our study demonstrates that targeting SHP-1 disrupts the metabolic balance in LSCs, thereby increasing their vulnerability to chemotherapy and immunosurveillance. This approach offers a promising strategy to overcome LSC resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Published
2024
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8. On the Quito Embassy Raid.

Author

PERRY, JOHN

Abstract

Last Friday, armed Ecuadorian police attacked the Mexican embassy in Quito and kidnapped Ecuador's former vice-president, Jorge Glas, who had been granted political asylum by Mexico. The consul, Roberto Canseco, was also assaulted by the police. Glas, a key member of Rafael Correa's left-wing government, had been charged with corruption. Ecuador's violation of the Vienna Convention, which protects embassies and their staff, was condemned by almost all Latin American governments. The attack may have been influenced by the country's drug-related crime wave and the recent Israeli attack on the Iranian consulate in Damascus. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

9. Prevalence of Deleterious Variants in MC3Rin Patients With Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty

Author

Duckett, Katie, Williamson, Alice, Kincaid, John W R, Rainbow, Kara, Corbin, Laura J, Martin, Hilary C, Eberhardt, Ruth Y, Huang, Qin Qin, Hurles, Matthew E, He, Wen, Brauner, Raja, Delaney, Angela, Dunkel, Leo, Grinspon, Romina P, Hall, Janet E, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Howard, Sasha R, Latronico, Ana C, Jorge, Alexander A L, McElreavey, Ken, Mericq, Verónica, Merino, Paulina M, Palmert, Mark R, Plummer, Lacey, Rey, Rodolfo A, Rezende, Raíssa C, Seminara, Stephanie B, Salnikov, Kathryn, Banerjee, Indraneel, Lam, Brian Y H, Perry, John R B, Timpson, Nicholas J, Clayton, Peter, Chan, Yee-Ming, Ong, Ken K, and O’Rahilly, Stephen

Published
2023
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10. Malocclusion severity and smile features: Is there an association?

Author

Mohammed, Hisham, Kumar Jr, Reginald, Bennani, Hamza, Perry, John, Halberstadt, Jamin B., and Farella, Mauro

Abstract

This observational study investigated the relationship between malocclusion and smiling. Adolescents and young adults (n = 72; aged 16-25 years) were identified according to their Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and allocated to 3 groups: (1) malocclusion group (n = 24; DAI ≥31), (2) retention group (n = 24; pretreatment DAI ≥31) with a prior malocclusion that had been corrected by orthodontic treatment, (3) control group with no-to-minor malocclusion (n = 24; DAI ≤25). Participants were requested to watch an amusing video. Based on the Facial Action Coding System, automated pattern recognition was used to detect smile episodes and assess their frequency, duration, genuineness, intensity, and extent of tooth show. Demographics, Big Five personality dimensions, and self-perceived smile esthetics-related quality of life were collected from all participants via questionnaires. Data were analyzed by mixed-model analysis and adjusted for possible confounders. Patients from the malocclusion and retention groups smiled significantly less than participants from the control group, with the duration of smiles and smiling time being around half those of control subjects. Smile genuineness, smile intensity, and teeth shown did not differ across groups. Personality traits did not differ significantly among the 3 groups, whereas the malocclusion group scored around 30% less for dental self-confidence than the other 2 groups. Patients with severe malocclusion tend to smile less, but the features of their smiles are similar to those without malocclusion. A lower propensity to smile in patients with a corrected malocclusion may persist after orthodontic treatment. • Features of smiles can be automatedly assessed using pattern recognition software. • Severe malocclusion has a marked impact on smile esthetics – related quality of life. • Patients with severe malocclusion smile less frequently than those with aligned teeth. • A lower propensity to smile may persist after orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Exome sequencing identifies breast cancer susceptibility genes and defines the contribution of coding variants to breast cancer risk

Author

Wilcox, Naomi, Dumont, Martine, González-Neira, Anna, Carvalho, Sara, Joly Beauparlant, Charles, Crotti, Marco, Luccarini, Craig, Soucy, Penny, Dubois, Stéphane, Nuñez-Torres, Rocio, Pita, Guillermo, Gardner, Eugene J., Dennis, Joe, Alonso, M. Rosario, Álvarez, Nuria, Baynes, Caroline, Collin-Deschesnes, Annie Claude, Desjardins, Sylvie, Becher, Heiko, Behrens, Sabine, Bolla, Manjeet K., Castelao, Jose E., Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cornelissen, Sten, Dörk, Thilo, Engel, Christoph, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Guénel, Pascal, Hadjisavvas, Andreas, Hahnen, Eric, Hartman, Mikael, Herráez, Belén, Jung, Audrey, Keeman, Renske, Kiechle, Marion, Li, Jingmei, Loizidou, Maria A., Lush, Michael, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Panayiotidis, Mihalis I., Sim, Xueling, Teo, Soo Hwang, Tyrer, Jonathan P., van der Kolk, Lizet E., Wahlström, Cecilia, Wang, Qin, Perry, John R. B., Benitez, Javier, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Schmutzler, Rita K., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Droit, Arnaud, Dunning, Alison M., Kvist, Anders, Devilee, Peter, Easton, Douglas F., and Simard, Jacques

Abstract

Linkage and candidate gene studies have identified several breast cancer susceptibility genes, but the overall contribution of coding variation to breast cancer is unclear. To evaluate the role of rare coding variants more comprehensively, we performed a meta-analysis across three large whole-exome sequencing datasets, containing 26,368 female cases and 217,673 female controls. Burden tests were performed for protein-truncating and rare missense variants in 15,616 and 18,601 genes, respectively. Associations between protein-truncating variants and breast cancer were identified for the following six genes at exome-wide significance (P<2.5 × 10−6): the five known susceptibility genes ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2and PALB2, together with MAP3K1. Associations were also observed for LZTR1, ATRIPand BARD1with P< 1 × 10−4. Associations between predicted deleterious rare missense or protein-truncating variants and breast cancer were additionally identified for CDKN2Aat exome-wide significance. The overall contribution of coding variants in genes beyond the previously known genes is estimated to be small.

Published
2023
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12. Rare variants in the MECP2gene in girls with central precocious puberty: a translational cohort study

Author

Canton, Ana P M, Tinano, Flávia R, Guasti, Leonardo, Montenegro, Luciana R, Ryan, Fiona, Shears, Deborah, de Melo, Maria Edna, Gomes, Larissa G, Piana, Mariana P, Brauner, Raja, Espino-Aguilar, Rafael, Escribano-Muñoz, Arancha, Paganoni, Alyssa, Read, Jordan E, Korbonits, Márta, Seraphim, Carlos E, Costa, Silvia S, Krepischi, Ana Cristina, Jorge, Alexander A L, David, Alessia, Kaisinger, Lena R, Ong, Ken K, Perry, John R B, Abreu, Ana Paula, Kaiser, Ursula B, Argente, Jesús, Mendonca, Berenice B, Brito, Vinicius N, Howard, Sasha R, and Latronico, Ana Claudia

Abstract

Identification of genetic causes of central precocious puberty have revealed epigenetic mechanisms as regulators of human pubertal timing. MECP2, an X-linked gene, encodes a chromatin-associated protein with a role in gene transcription. MECP2 loss-of-function mutations usually cause Rett syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Early pubertal development has been shown in several patients with Rett syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore whether MECP2 variants are associated with an idiopathic central precocious puberty phenotype.

Published
2023
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13. Publisher Correction: Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum

Author

Kentistou, Katherine A., Kaisinger, Lena R., Stankovic, Stasa, Vaudel, Marc, Mendes de Oliveira, Edson, Messina, Andrea, Walters, Robin G., Liu, Xiaoxi, Busch, Alexander S., Helgason, Hannes, Thompson, Deborah J., Santoni, Federico, Petricek, Konstantin M., Zouaghi, Yassine, Huang-Doran, Isabel, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Bratland, Eirik, Lin, Kuang, Gardner, Eugene J., Zhao, Yajie, Jia, Raina Y., Terao, Chikashi, Riggan, Marjorie J., Bolla, Manjeet K., Yazdanpanah, Mojgan, Yazdanpanah, Nahid, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Broer, Linda, Campbell, Archie, Chasman, Daniel I., Cousminer, Diana L., Franceschini, Nora, Franke, Lude H., Girotto, Giorgia, He, Chunyan, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Joshi, Peter K., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Karlsson, Robert, Luan, Jian’an, Lunetta, Kathryn L., Mägi, Reedik, Mangino, Massimo, Medland, Sarah E., Meisinger, Christa, Noordam, Raymond, Nutile, Teresa, Concas, Maria Pina, Polašek, Ozren, Porcu, Eleonora, Ring, Susan M., Sala, Cinzia, Smith, Albert V., Tanaka, Toshiko, van der Most, Peter J., Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Carol A., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zygmunt, Marek, Ahearn, Thomas U., Andrulis, Irene L., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C., Auer, Paul L., Barnes, Catriona L. K., Beckmann, Matthias W., Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Stig E., Brenner, Hermann, Buring, Julie E., Canzian, Federico, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Couch, Fergus J., Cox, Angela, Crisponi, Laura, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B., Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, De Vivo, Immaculata, Dörk, Thilo, Dunning, Alison M., Dwek, Miriam, Eriksson, Johan G., Fasching, Peter A., Fernandez-Rhodes, Lindsay, Ferreli, Liana, Fletcher, Olivia, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A., González-Neira, Anna, Grallert, Harald, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hart, Roger J., Hickey, Martha, Hooning, Maartje J., Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hu, Frank B., Huebner, Hanna, Hunter, David J., Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M., Karasik, David, Khusnutdinova, Elza K., Kristensen, Vessela N., Lacey, James V., Lambrechts, Diether, Launer, Lenore J., Lind, Penelope A., Lindblom, Annika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mannermaa, Arto, McCarthy, Mark I., Meitinger, Thomas, Menni, Cristina, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Millwood, Iona Y., Milne, Roger L., Montgomery, Grant W., Nevanlinna, Heli, Nolte, Ilja M., Nyholt, Dale R., Obi, Nadia, O’Brien, Katie M., Offit, Kenneth, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ostrowski, Sisse R., Palotie, Aarno, Pedersen, Ole B., Peters, Annette, Pianigiani, Giulia, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pouta, Anneli, Pozarickij, Alfred, Radice, Paolo, Rennert, Gad, Rosendaal, Frits R., Ruggiero, Daniela, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P., Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Small, Kerrin, Spedicati, Beatrice, Stampfer, Meir, Stone, Jennifer, Tamimi, Rulla M., Teras, Lauren R., Tikkanen, Emmi, Turman, Constance, Vachon, Celine M., Wang, Qin, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Zemel, Babette S., Zheng, Wei, van Dijk, Ko W., Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Bandinelli, Stefania, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Ciullo, Marina, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Cucca, Francesco, Esko, Tõnu, Gieger, Christian, Grant, Struan F. A., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hayward, Caroline, Kolčić, Ivana, Kraft, Peter, Lawlor, Deborah A., Martin, Nicholas G., Nøhr, Ellen A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pennell, Craig E., Ridker, Paul M., Robino, Antonietta, Snieder, Harold, Sovio, Ulla, Spector, Tim D., Stöckl, Doris, Sudlow, Cathie, Timpson, Nic J., Toniolo, Daniela, Uitterlinden, André, Ulivi, Sheila, Völzke, Henry, Wareham, Nicholas J., Widen, Elisabeth, Wilson, James F., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Li, Liming, Easton, Douglas F., Njølstad, Pål R., Sulem, Patrick, Murabito, Joanne M., Murray, Anna, Manousaki, Despoina, Juul, Anders, Erikstrup, Christian, Stefansson, Kari, Horikoshi, Momoko, Chen, Zhengming, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Pitteloud, Nelly, Johansson, Stefan, Day, Felix R., Perry, John R. B., and Ong, Ken K.

Published
2024
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14. Masaya in Flames: Five Years Afterwards.

Author

PERRY, JOHN

Abstract

MAY 29, 2023 During the attempted coup in Nicaragua in 2018, Masaya was one of the cities most affected by the violence and by the widespread use of roadblocks to control the streets, many manned by armed youths. Randall is one of Masaya's "historic fighters", a veteran from Nicaragua's revolutionary war against the Somoza dictatorship in the 1970s. Randall explained that on the day this part of Masaya was liberated (July 17), the national police and volunteer police started to enter the barrio very early in the morning. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

15. Propositions, Representations and Pluri-Propositionalism.

Author

Perry, John

Subjects
CRITICISM, PROPOSITION (Logic), COGNITIVE ability
Abstract

A frequent criticism of Richard Vallee's "pluri-propositionalism" is that it multiplies propositions beyond necessity. I argue that this criticism, recently voiced by Robert Stanton and Arthur Sullivan, is based in misconceptions about propositions are and how they help us classify utterances and the mental states and events that lead to them, relying for the most part on extended discussions of examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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16. MY GOLDEN TICKET TO BIG SUGAR.

Author

Perry, John

Subjects
SUGAR, BICYCLE racing, AIRLINE tickets, BICYCLE stores, BEARING steel, MOUNTAIN biking, CYCLING, ZONING
Published
2023

17. Penetrance of pathogenic genetic variants associated with premature ovarian insufficiency

Author

Shekari, Saleh, Stankovic, Stasa, Gardner, Eugene J., Hawkes, Gareth, Kentistou, Katherine A., Beaumont, Robin N., Mörseburg, Alexander, Wood, Andrew R., Prague, Julia K., Mishra, Gita D., Day, Felix R., Baptista, Julia, Wright, Caroline F., Weedon, Michael N., Hoffmann, Eva R., Ruth, Katherine S., Ong, Ken K., Perry, John R. B., and Murray, Anna

Abstract

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women and is a leading cause of infertility. It is often considered to be a monogenic disorder, with pathogenic variants in ~100 genes described in the literature. We sought to systematically evaluate the penetrance of variants in these genes using exome sequence data in 104,733 women from the UK Biobank, 2,231 (1.14%) of whom reported at natural menopause under the age of 40 years. We found limited evidence to support any previously reported autosomal dominant effect. For nearly all heterozygous effects on previously reported POI genes, we ruled out even modest penetrance, with 99.9% (13,699 out of 13,708) of all protein-truncating variants found in reproductively healthy women. We found evidence of haploinsufficiency effects in several genes, including TWNK(1.54 years earlier menopause, P= 1.59 × 10−6) and SOHLH2(3.48 years earlier menopause, P= 1.03 × 10−4). Collectively, our results suggest that, for the vast majority of women, POI is not caused by autosomal dominant variants either in genes previously reported or currently evaluated in clinical diagnostic panels. Our findings, plus previous studies, suggest that most POI cases are likely oligogenic or polygenic in nature, which has important implications for future clinical genetic studies, and genetic counseling for families affected by POI.

Published
2023
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18. PD-1 signalling defines and protects leukaemic stem cells from T cell receptor-induced cell death in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Author

Xu, Xi, Zhang, Wenwen, Xuan, Li, Yu, Yanhui, Zheng, Wen, Tao, Fang, Nemechek, Jacqelyn, He, Chong, Ma, Weiwei, Han, Xue, Xie, Siyu, Zhao, Minyi, Wang, Jian, Qu, Yuhua, Liu, Qifa, Perry, John M., Jiang, Linjia, and Zhao, Meng

Abstract

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, but a decisive marker and effective treatment for leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) remain unclear. Here, using lineage tracing, limiting dilution assays and in vivo live imaging approaches, we identify rare inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-expressing cells that reside at the apex of leukaemia hierarchy for initiation and relapse in T-ALL. Ablation of PD-1-expressing cells, deletion of PD-1 in T-ALL cells or blockade of PD-1 or PD-1 ligand 1 significantly eradicated LSCs and suppressed disease progression. Combination therapy using PD-1 blockade and chemotherapy substantially extended the survival of mice engrafted with mouse or human T-ALL cells. Mechanistically, PD-1+LSCs had high NOTCH1–MYC activity for disease initiation. Furthermore, PD-1 signalling maintained quiescence and protected LSCs against T cell receptor-signal-induced apoptosis. Overall, our data highlight the hierarchy of leukaemia by identifying PD-1+LSCs and provide a therapeutic approach for the elimination of LSCs through PD-1 blockade in T-ALL.

Published
2023
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19. Propositions, Representations and Pluri-Propositionalism

Author

Perry, John

Abstract

A frequent criticism of Richard Vallee’s “pluri-propositionalism” is that it multiplies propositions beyond necessity. I argue that this criticism, recently voiced by Robert Stanton and Arthur Sullivan, is based in misconceptions about propositions are and how they help us classify utterances and the mental states and events that lead to them, relying for the most part on extended discussions of examples.

Published
2022
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20. Loss of sphingosine kinase 2 promotes the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells by improving their metabolic fitness

Author

Li, Changzheng, Wu, Binghuo, Li, Yishan, Liu, Yaxi, Wang, Jin, Xie, Jiayi, Xu, Xi, Tian, Xiaobin, Ye, Zhitao, Guan, Jingjing, Chen, Jie, Xie, Siyu, Zhang, Baolin, Cai, Boyong, Wang, Qianhao, Yu, Haopeng, Lan, Tian, Man, Cheuk Him, Kang, Xunlei, Qian, Pengxu, Perry, John M., He, Aibin, Jiang, Linjia, and Zhao, Meng

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have reduced capacities to properly maintain and replenish the hematopoietic system during myelosuppressive injury or aging. Expanding and rejuvenating HSCs for therapeutic purposes has been a long-sought goal with limited progress. Here, we show that the enzyme Sphk2 (sphingosine kinase 2), which generates the lipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate, is highly expressed in HSCs. The deletion of Sphk2 markedly promotes self-renewal and increases the regenerative potential of HSCs. More importantly, Sphk2 deletion globally preserves the young HSC gene expression pattern, improves the function, and sustains the multilineage potential of HSCs during aging. Mechanistically, Sphk2 interacts with prolyl hydroxylase 2 and the Von Hippel-Lindau protein to facilitate HIF1α ubiquitination in the nucleus independent of the Sphk2 catalytic activity. Deletion of Sphk2 increases hypoxic responses by stabilizing the HIF1α protein to upregulate PDK3, a glycolysis checkpoint protein for HSC quiescence, which subsequently enhances the function of HSCs by improving their metabolic fitness; specifically, it enhances anaerobic glycolysis but suppresses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, targeting Sphk2 to enhance the metabolic fitness of HSCs is a promising strategy to expand and rejuvenate functional HSCs.

Published
2022
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21. Loss of sphingosine kinase 2 promotes the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells by improving their metabolic fitness

Author

Li, Changzheng, Wu, Binghuo, Li, Yishan, Liu, Yaxi, Wang, Jin, Xie, Jiayi, Xu, Xi, Tian, Xiaobin, Ye, Zhitao, Guan, Jingjing, Chen, Jie, Xie, Siyu, Zhang, Baolin, Cai, Boyong, Wang, Qianhao, Yu, Haopeng, Lan, Tian, Man, Cheuk Him, Kang, Xunlei, Qian, Pengxu, Perry, John M., He, Aibin, Jiang, Linjia, and Zhao, Meng

Abstract

•Inhibition of Sphk2 sustains long-term self-renewal, increases regenerative potential, and functionally attenuates the aging of HSCs.•Loss of Sphk2 improves anaerobic metabolism and stem cell fitness through the Sphk2-HIF1α-PDK3 axis.

Published
2022
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23. Loss of GPR75 protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body fat accumulation.

Author

Leeson-Payne, Alasdair, Iyinikkel, Jean, Malcolm, Cameron, Lam, Brian Y.H., Sommer, Nadine, Dowsett, Georgina K.C., Martinez de Morentin, Pablo B., Thompson, Dawn, Mackenzie, Alasdair, Chianese, Raffaella, Kentistou, Katherine, Gardner, Eugene J., Perry, John R.B., Grassmann, Felix, Speakman, John R., Rochford, Justin J., Yeo, Giles S.H., Murray, Fiona, and Heisler, Lora K.

Abstract

Approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there are currently no medications to treat this condition. This study investigated the role of adiposity-associated orphan G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in liver lipid accumulation. We profiled Gpr75 expression and report that it is most abundant in the brain. Next, we generated the first single-cell-level analysis of Gpr75 and identified a subpopulation co-expressed with key appetite-regulating hypothalamic neurons. CRISPR-Cas9-deleted Gpr75 mice fed a palatable western diet high in fat adjusted caloric intake to remain in energy balance, thereby preventing NAFLD. Consistent with mouse results, analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 428,719 individuals (UK Biobank) revealed that variants in GPR75 are associated with a reduced likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Here, we provide a significant advance in understanding of the expression and function of GPR75, demonstrating that it is a promising pharmaceutical target for NAFLD treatment. [Display omitted] • Hypothalamic RNA-seq revealed Gpr75 co-expression with hunger-promoting neurons • Gpr75 knockout mice calibrate intake of palatable, high-fat diet to remain in energy balance • A sex effect in adiposity features was detected in people and mice with GPR75 mutations • Mutations in GPR75 in people and mice protect against fatty liver disease Leeson-Payne et al. identify that mutations in orphan receptor GPR75 are protective against the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings provide a much-needed novel treatment target for a prevalent disease in the global population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Child physical abuse and COVID-19: Trends from nine pediatric trauma centers.

Author

Russell, Katie W., Acker, Shannon N., Ignacio, Romeo C., Lofberg, Katrine M., Garvey, Erin M., Chao, Stephanie D., Bliss, David W., Smith, Caitlin A., Nehra, Deepika, Anderson, Melissa L., Bunnell, Brittney L., Shahi, Niti, Perry, John M., Evans, Lauren L., Kwong, Jacky Z., Tobias, Joseph, Rohan, Autumn, Pickett, Kaci L., Kaar, Jill L., and Kastenberg, Zachary J.

Abstract

• We saw no increase in child abuse at 9 pediatric trauma centers during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. • It is possible that we have not seen the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child abuse and this topic needs continued surveillance. Economic, social, and psychologic stressors are associated with an increased risk for abusive injuries in children. Prolonged physical proximity between adults and children under conditions of severe external stress, such as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic with "shelter-in-place orders", may be associated with additional increased risk for child physical abuse. We hypothesized that child physical abuse rates and associated severity of injury would increase during the early months of the pandemic as compared to the prior benchmark period. We conducted a nine-center retrospective review of suspected child physical abuse admissions across the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium. Cases were identified for the period of April 1-June 30, 2020 (COVID-19) and compared to the identical period in 2019. We collected patient demographics, injury characteristics, and outcome data. There were no significant differences in child physical abuse cases between the time periods in the consortium as a whole or at individual hospitals. There were no differences between the study periods with regard to patient characteristics, injury types or severity, resource utilization, disposition, or mortality. Apparent rates of new injuries related to child physical abuse did not increase early in the COVID-19 pandemic. While this may suggest that pediatric physical abuse was not impacted by pandemic restrictions and stresses, it is possible that under-reporting, under-detection, or delays in presentation of abusive injuries increased during the pandemic. Long-term follow-up of subsequent rates and severity of child abuse is needed to assess for unrecognized injuries that may have occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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25. Identification of Rare Loss-of-Function Genetic Variation Regulating Body Fat Distribution

Author

Koprulu, Mine, Zhao, Yajie, Wheeler, Eleanor, Dong, Liang, Rocha, Nuno, Li, Chen, Griffin, John D, Patel, Satish, Van de Streek, Marcel, Glastonbury, Craig A, Stewart, Isobel D, Day, Felix R, Luan, Jian’an, Bowker, Nicholas, Wittemans, Laura B L, Kerrison, Nicola D, Cai, Lina, Lucarelli, Debora M E, Barroso, Inês, McCarthy, Mark I, Scott, Robert A, Saudek, Vladimir, Small, Kerrin S, Wareham, Nicholas J, Semple, Robert K, Perry, John R B, O’Rahilly, Stephen, Lotta, Luca A, Langenberg, Claudia, and Savage, David B

Published
2022
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26. Author Correction: Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfeld, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithiof-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfeld, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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27. Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfield, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithioff-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Biobank, Penn Medicine, Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfield, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Abstract

Background: Pubertal growth patterns correlate with future health outcomes. However, the genetic mechanisms mediating growth trajectories remain largely unknown. Here, we modeled longitudinal height growth with Super-Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) growth curve analysis on ~ 56,000 trans-ancestry samples with repeated height measurements from age 5 years to adulthood. We performed genetic analysis on six phenotypes representing the magnitude, timing, and intensity of the pubertal growth spurt. To investigate the lifelong impact of genetic variants associated with pubertal growth trajectories, we performed genetic correlation analyses and phenome-wide association studies in the Penn Medicine BioBank and the UK Biobank. Results: Large-scale growth modeling enables an unprecedented view of adolescent growth across contemporary and 20th-century pediatric cohorts. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci and leverage trans-ancestry data to perform fine-mapping. Our data reveals genetic relationships between pediatric height growth and health across the life course, with different growth trajectories correlated with different outcomes. For instance, a faster tempo of pubertal growth correlates with higher bone mineral density, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, type 2 diabetes, and lung cancer, whereas being taller at early puberty, taller across puberty, and having quicker pubertal growth were associated with higher risk for atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: We report novel genetic associations with the tempo of pubertal growth and find that genetic determinants of growth are correlated with reproductive, glycemic, respiratory, and cardiac traits in adulthood. These results aid in identifying specific growth trajectories impacting lifelong health and show that there may not be a single “optimal” pubertal growth pattern.

Published
2024
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35. Time to change your attitude? Socio-economic status, academic attainment, and time attitudes in Glasgow school children

Author

Worrell, Frank C., Perry, John L., Wells, Kevin E., and McKay, Michael T.

Abstract

ABSTRACTClosing the poverty-related attainment gap in schoolchildren is a stated priority for the Scottish Government. In the present study, we examine the poverty-related attainment gap in Glasgow, a city wherein more than half of the 100 most deprived areas in Scotland are to be found. Further, we examine the potential mediating role of school attendance, academic self-efficacy, and future time attitudes (positive and negative) in the relationship between socio-economic status and academic attainment. Participants (N= 3,812) were from 30 High schools in the Glasgow Local Authority area. In the first instance, we examined the mediating role of both academic self-efficacy and school attendance. Then, in a subsample, we further examined the additional potential of both positive and negative time attitudes to mediate this relationship. Results of Study 1 support the combined partially mediating effect of both academic self-efficacy and higher school attendance on the poverty-attainment relationship. Results of Study 2 show that these variables fully mediate the poverty-attainment relationship, and further evidence a direct effect of both positive and negative time attitudes on attainment. The direct effects of time attitudes on attainment suggest that this construct may be viable in addressing the poverty-related attainment gap across the social spectrum.

Published
2021
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36. Professional consensus on orthodontic risks: What orthodontists should tell their patients.

Author

Perry, John, Popat, Hashmat, Johnson, Ilona, Farnell, Damian, and Morgan, Maria Z.

Abstract

Introduction: Effective communication of risk is a requisite for valid consent, shared decision-making, and the provision of person-centered care. No agreed standard for the content of discussions with patients about the risks of orthodontic treatment exists. This study aimed to produce a professional consensus recommendation about the risks that should be discussed with patients as part of consent for orthodontic treatment.Methods: A serial cross-sectional survey design using a modified electronic Delphi technique was used. Two survey rounds were conducted nationally in the United Kingdom using a custom-made online system. The risks used as the prespecified items scored in the Delphi exercise were identified through a structured literature review. Orthodontists scored treatment risks on a 1-9 scale (1 = not important, 9 = critical to discuss with patients). The consensus that a risk should be discussed as part of consent was predefined as ≥70% orthodontists scoring risk as 7-9 and <15% scoring 1-3.Results: The electronic Delphi was completed by 237 orthodontists who reached a professional consensus that 10 risks should be discussed as part of consent for orthodontic treatment; demineralization, relapse, resorption, pain, gingivitis, ulceration, appliances breaking, failed tooth movements, treatment duration, and consequences of no treatment.Conclusions: A professional orthodontic consensus has been reached that 10 key risks should be discussed with patients as part of consent for orthodontic treatment. The information in this evidence base should be tailored to patients' individual needs and delivered as part of a continuing risk communication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Genomic and phenotypic insights from an atlas of genetic effects on DNA methylation

Author

Min, Josine L., Hemani, Gibran, Hannon, Eilis, Dekkers, Koen F., Castillo-Fernandez, Juan, Luijk, René, Carnero-Montoro, Elena, Lawson, Daniel J., Burrows, Kimberley, Suderman, Matthew, Bretherick, Andrew D., Richardson, Tom G., Klughammer, Johanna, Iotchkova, Valentina, Sharp, Gemma, Al Khleifat, Ahmad, Shatunov, Aleksey, Iacoangeli, Alfredo, McArdle, Wendy L., Ho, Karen M., Kumar, Ashish, Söderhäll, Cilla, Soriano-Tárraga, Carolina, Giralt-Steinhauer, Eva, Kazmi, Nabila, Mason, Dan, McRae, Allan F., Corcoran, David L., Sugden, Karen, Kasela, Silva, Cardona, Alexia, Day, Felix R., Cugliari, Giovanni, Viberti, Clara, Guarrera, Simonetta, Lerro, Michael, Gupta, Richa, Bollepalli, Sailalitha, Mandaviya, Pooja, Zeng, Yanni, Clarke, Toni-Kim, Walker, Rosie M., Schmoll, Vanessa, Czamara, Darina, Ruiz-Arenas, Carlos, Rezwan, Faisal I., Marioni, Riccardo E., Lin, Tian, Awaloff, Yvonne, Germain, Marine, Aïssi, Dylan, Zwamborn, Ramona, van Eijk, Kristel, Dekker, Annelot, van Dongen, Jenny, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Willemsen, Gonneke, Xu, Cheng-Jian, Barturen, Guillermo, Català-Moll, Francesc, Kerick, Martin, Wang, Carol, Melton, Phillip, Elliott, Hannah R., Shin, Jean, Bernard, Manon, Yet, Idil, Smart, Melissa, Gorrie-Stone, Tyler, Shaw, Chris, Al Chalabi, Ammar, Ring, Susan M., Pershagen, Göran, Melén, Erik, Jiménez-Conde, Jordi, Roquer, Jaume, Lawlor, Deborah A., Wright, John, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Moffitt, Terrie E., Poulton, Richie, Esko, Tõnu, Milani, Lili, Metspalu, Andres, Perry, John R. B., Ong, Ken K., Wareham, Nicholas J., Matullo, Giuseppe, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Panico, Salvatore, Caspi, Avshalom, Arseneault, Louise, Gagnon, France, Ollikainen, Miina, Kaprio, Jaakko, Felix, Janine F., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Tiemeier, Henning, van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., Uitterlinden, André G., Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Haley, Chris, McIntosh, Andrew M., Evans, Kathryn L., Murray, Alison, Räikkönen, Katri, Lahti, Jari, Nohr, Ellen A., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Hansen, Torben, Morgen, Camilla S., Binder, Elisabeth B., Lucae, Susanne, Gonzalez, Juan Ramon, Bustamante, Mariona, Sunyer, Jordi, Holloway, John W., Karmaus, Wilfried, Zhang, Hongmei, Deary, Ian J., Wray, Naomi R., Starr, John M., Beekman, Marian, van Heemst, Diana, Slagboom, P. Eline, Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, Veldink, Jan H., Davies, Gareth E., de Geus, Eco J. C., Boomsma, Dorret I., Vonk, Judith M., Brunekreef, Bert, Koppelman, Gerard H., Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., Huang, Rae-Chi, Pennell, Craig E., van Meurs, Joyce, Ikram, M. Arfan, Hughes, Alun D., Tillin, Therese, Chaturvedi, Nish, Pausova, Zdenka, Paus, Tomas, Spector, Timothy D., Kumari, Meena, Schalkwyk, Leonard C., Visscher, Peter M., Davey Smith, George, Bock, Christoph, Gaunt, Tom R., Bell, Jordana T., Heijmans, Bastiaan T., Mill, Jonathan, and Relton, Caroline L.

Abstract

Characterizing genetic influences on DNA methylation (DNAm) provides an opportunity to understand mechanisms underpinning gene regulation and disease. In the present study, we describe results of DNAm quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analyses on 32,851 participants, identifying genetic variants associated with DNAm at 420,509 DNAm sites in blood. We present a database of >270,000 independent mQTLs, of which 8.5% comprise long-range (trans) associations. Identified mQTL associations explain 15–17% of the additive genetic variance of DNAm. We show that the genetic architecture of DNAm levels is highly polygenic. Using shared genetic control between distal DNAm sites, we constructed networks, identifying 405 discrete genomic communities enriched for genomic annotations and complex traits. Shared genetic variants are associated with both DNAm levels and complex diseases, but only in a minority of cases do these associations reflect causal relationships from DNAm to trait or vice versa, indicating a more complex genotype–phenotype map than previously anticipated.

Published
2021
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39. Genetic insights into biological mechanisms governing human ovarian ageing

Author

Ruth, Katherine S., Day, Felix R., Hussain, Jazib, Martínez-Marchal, Ana, Aiken, Catherine E., Azad, Ajuna, Thompson, Deborah J., Knoblochova, Lucie, Abe, Hironori, Tarry-Adkins, Jane L., Gonzalez, Javier Martin, Fontanillas, Pierre, Claringbould, Annique, Bakker, Olivier B., Sulem, Patrick, Walters, Robin G., Terao, Chikashi, Turon, Sandra, Horikoshi, Momoko, Lin, Kuang, Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Sankar, Aditya, Hertz, Emil Peter Thrane, Timshel, Pascal N., Shukla, Vallari, Borup, Rehannah, Olsen, Kristina W., Aguilera, Paula, Ferrer-Roda, Mònica, Huang, Yan, Stankovic, Stasa, Timmers, Paul R. H. J., Ahearn, Thomas U., Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Naderi, Elnaz, Andrulis, Irene L., Arnold, Alice M., Aronson, Kristan J., Augustinsson, Annelie, Bandinelli, Stefania, Barbieri, Caterina M., Beaumont, Robin N., Becher, Heiko, Beckmann, Matthias W., Benonisdottir, Stefania, Bergmann, Sven, Bochud, Murielle, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bojesen, Stig E., Bolla, Manjeet K., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bowker, Nicholas, Brody, Jennifer A., Broer, Linda, Buring, Julie E., Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Castelao, Jose E., Catamo, Eulalia, Chanock, Stephen J., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Ciullo, Marina, Corre, Tanguy, Couch, Fergus J., Cox, Angela, Crisponi, Laura, Cross, Simon S., Cucca, Francesco, Czene, Kamila, Smith, George Davey, de Geus, Eco J. C. N., de Mutsert, Renée, De Vivo, Immaculata, Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe, Dunning, Alison M., Dwek, Miriam, Eriksson, Mikael, Esko, Tõnu, Fasching, Peter A., Faul, Jessica D., Ferrucci, Luigi, Franceschini, Nora, Frayling, Timothy M., Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Mezzavilla, Massimo, García-Closas, Montserrat, Gieger, Christian, Giles, Graham G., Grallert, Harald, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A., Håkansson, Niclas, Hall, Per, Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, He, Wei, Heiss, Gerardo, Høffding, Miya K., Hopper, John L., Hottenga, Jouke J., Hu, Frank, Hunter, David, Ikram, Mohammad A., Jackson, Rebecca D., Joaquim, Micaella D. R., John, Esther M., Joshi, Peter K., Karasik, David, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kartsonaki, Christiana, Karlsson, Robert, Kitahara, Cari M., Kolcic, Ivana, Kooperberg, Charles, Kraft, Peter, Kurian, Allison W., Kutalik, Zoltan, La Bianca, Martina, LaChance, Genevieve, Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Laven, Joop S. E., Lawlor, Deborah A., Le Marchand, Loic, Li, Jingmei, Lindblom, Annika, Lindstrom, Sara, Lindstrom, Tricia, Linet, Martha, Liu, YongMei, Liu, Simin, Luan, Jian’an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mangino, Massimo, Mannermaa, Arto, Marco, Brumat, Marten, Jonathan, Martin, Nicholas G., Mbarek, Hamdi, McKnight, Barbara, Medland, Sarah E., Meisinger, Christa, Meitinger, Thomas, Menni, Cristina, Metspalu, Andres, Milani, Lili, Milne, Roger L., Montgomery, Grant W., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Mulas, Antonella, Mulligan, Anna M., Murray, Alison, Nalls, Mike A., Newman, Anne, Noordam, Raymond, Nutile, Teresa, Nyholt, Dale R., Olshan, Andrew F., Olsson, Håkan, Painter, Jodie N., Patel, Alpa V., Pedersen, Nancy L., Perjakova, Natalia, Peters, Annette, Peters, Ulrike, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Polasek, Ozren, Porcu, Eleonora, Psaty, Bruce M., Rahman, Iffat, Rennert, Gad, Rennert, Hedy S., Ridker, Paul M., Ring, Susan M., Robino, Antonietta, Rose, Lynda M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Rossouw, Jacques, Rudan, Igor, Rueedi, Rico, Ruggiero, Daniela, Sala, Cinzia F., Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P., Sanna, Serena, Sawyer, Elinor J., Sarnowski, Chloé, Schlessinger, David, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Schraut, Katharina E., Scott, Christopher, Shekari, Saleh, Shrikhande, Amruta, Smith, Albert V., Smith, Blair H., Smith, Jennifer A., Sorice, Rossella, Southey, Melissa C., Spector, Tim D., Spinelli, John J., Stampfer, Meir, Stöckl, Doris, van Meurs, Joyce B. J., Strauch, Konstantin, Styrkarsdottir, Unnur, Swerdlow, Anthony J., Tanaka, Toshiko, Teras, Lauren R., Teumer, Alexander, Þorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Timpson, Nicholas J., Toniolo, Daniela, Traglia, Michela, Troester, Melissa A., Truong, Thérèse, Tyrrell, Jessica, Uitterlinden, André G., Ulivi, Sheila, Vachon, Celine M., Vitart, Veronique, Völker, Uwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Wang, Qin, Wareham, Nicholas J., Weinberg, Clarice R., Weir, David R., Wilcox, Amber N., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F., Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., Wolk, Alicja, Wood, Andrew R., Zhao, Wei, Zygmunt, Marek, Chen, Zhengming, Li, Liming, Franke, Lude, Burgess, Stephen, Deelen, Patrick, Pers, Tune H., Grøndahl, Marie Louise, Andersen, Claus Yding, Pujol, Anna, Lopez-Contreras, Andres J., Daniel, Jeremy A., Stefansson, Kari, Chang-Claude, Jenny, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Lunetta, Kathryn L., Chasman, Daniel I., Easton, Douglas F., Visser, Jenny A., Ozanne, Susan E., Namekawa, Satoshi H., Solc, Petr, Murabito, Joanne M., Ong, Ken K., Hoffmann, Eva R., Murray, Anna, Roig, Ignasi, and Perry, John R. B.

Abstract

Reproductive longevity is essential for fertility and influences healthy ageing in women1,2, but insights into its underlying biological mechanisms and treatments to preserve it are limited. Here we identify 290 genetic determinants of ovarian ageing, assessed using normal variation in age at natural menopause (ANM) in about 200,000 women of European ancestry. These common alleles were associated with clinical extremes of ANM; women in the top 1% of genetic susceptibility have an equivalent risk of premature ovarian insufficiency to those carrying monogenic FMR1premutations3. The identified loci implicate a broad range of DNA damage response (DDR) processes and include loss-of-function variants in key DDR-associated genes. Integration with experimental models demonstrates that these DDR processes act across the life-course to shape the ovarian reserve and its rate of depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that experimental manipulation of DDR pathways highlighted by human genetics increases fertility and extends reproductive life in mice. Causal inference analyses using the identified genetic variants indicate that extending reproductive life in women improves bone health and reduces risk of type 2 diabetes, but increases the risk of hormone-sensitive cancers. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms that govern ovarian ageing, when they act, and how they might be targeted by therapeutic approaches to extend fertility and prevent disease.

Published
2021
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41. MY $1000 CRAIGSLIST WONDER BIKE.

Author

Perry, John

Abstract

When you get to ride for MXA as an endurance test rider, Jody assigns you different bikes to race in order to put race time on the bikes they are testing. I called MXA's Dennis Stapleton to inquire about getting Wiseco parts for my YZ125. Dennis told me that he was looking for a 125 to use as an MXA project bike. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2021

42. Genetic analyses identify widespread sex-differential participation bias

Author

Pirastu, Nicola, Cordioli, Mattia, Nandakumar, Priyanka, Mignogna, Gianmarco, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Hollis, Benjamin, Kanai, Masahiro, Rajagopal, Veera M., Parolo, Pietro Della Briotta, Baya, Nikolas, Carey, Caitlin E., Karjalainen, Juha, Als, Thomas D., Van der Zee, Matthijs D., Day, Felix R., Ong, Ken K., Morisaki, Takayuki, de Geus, Eco, Bellocco, Rino, Okada, Yukinori, Børglum, Anders D., Joshi, Peter, Auton, Adam, Hinds, David, Neale, Benjamin M., Walters, Raymond K., Nivard, Michel G., Perry, John R. B., and Ganna, Andrea

Abstract

Genetic association results are often interpreted with the assumption that study participation does not affect downstream analyses. Understanding the genetic basis of participation bias is challenging since it requires the genotypes of unseen individuals. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to estimate comparative biases by performing a genome-wide association study contrasting one subgroup versus another. For example, we showed that sex exhibits artifactual autosomal heritability in the presence of sex-differential participation bias. By performing a genome-wide association study of sex in approximately 3.3 million males and females, we identified over 158 autosomal loci spuriously associated with sex and highlighted complex traits underpinning differences in study participation between the sexes. For example, the body mass index–increasing allele at FTOwas observed at higher frequency in males compared to females (odds ratio = 1.02, P= 4.4 × 10−36). Finally, we demonstrated how these biases can potentially lead to incorrect inferences in downstream analyses and propose a conceptual framework for addressing such biases. Our findings highlight a new challenge that genetic studies may face as sample sizes continue to grow.

Published
2021
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46. Metal–Organic Material Polymer Coatings for Enhanced Gas Sorption Performance and Hydrolytic Stability under Humid Conditions

Author

Madden, David G., Albadarin, Ahmad B., O’Nolan, Daniel, Cronin, Patrick, Perry, John J., Solomon, Samuel, Curtin, Teresa, Khraisheh, Majeda, Zaworotko, Michael J., and Walker, Gavin M.

Abstract

Physisorbent metal–organic materials (MOMs) have shown benchmark performance for highly selective CO2capture from bulk and trace gas mixtures. However, gas stream moisture can be detrimental to both adsorbent performance and hydrolytic stability. One of the most effective methods to solve this issue is to transform the adsorbent surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Herein, we present a facile approach for coating MOMs with organic polymers to afford improved hydrophobicity and hydrolytic stability under humid conditions. The impact of gas stream moisture on CO2capture for the composite materials was found to be negligible under both bulk and trace CO2capture conditions with significant improvements in regeneration times and energy requirements.

Published
2020
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47. Overcoming Wnt–β-catenin dependent anticancer therapy resistance in leukaemia stem cells

Author

Perry, John M., Tao, Fang, Roy, Anuradha, Lin, Tara, He, Xi C., Chen, Shiyuan, Lu, Xiuling, Nemechek, Jacqelyn, Ruan, Linhao, Yu, Xiazhen, Dukes, Debra, Moran, Andrea, Pace, Jennifer, Schroeder, Kealan, Zhao, Meng, Venkatraman, Aparna, Qian, Pengxu, Li, Zhenrui, Hembree, Mark, Paulson, Ariel, He, Zhiquan, Xu, Dong, Tran, Thanh-Huyen, Deshmukh, Prashant, Nguyen, Chi Thanh, Kasi, Rajeswari M., Ryan, Robin, Broward, Melinda, Ding, Sheng, Guest, Erin, August, Keith, Gamis, Alan S., Godwin, Andrew, Sittampalam, G. Sitta, Weir, Scott J., and Li, Linheng

Abstract

Leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) underlie cancer therapy resistance but targeting these cells remains difficult. The Wnt–β-catenin and PI3K–Akt pathways cooperate to promote tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy. In a mouse model in which both pathways are activated in stem and progenitor cells, LSCs expanded under chemotherapy-induced stress. Since Akt can activate β-catenin, inhibiting this interaction might target therapy-resistant LSCs. High-throughput screening identified doxorubicin (DXR) as an inhibitor of the Akt–β-catenin interaction at low doses. Here we repurposed DXR as a targeted inhibitor rather than a broadly cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted DXR reduced Akt-activated β-catenin levels in chemoresistant LSCs and reduced LSC tumorigenic activity. Mechanistically, β-catenin binds multiple immune-checkpoint gene loci, and targeted DXR treatment inhibited expression of multiple immune checkpoints specifically in LSCs, including PD-L1, TIM3 and CD24. Overall, LSCs exhibit distinct properties of immune resistance that are reduced by inhibiting Akt-activated β-catenin. These findings suggest a strategy for overcoming cancer therapy resistance and immune escape.

Published
2020
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48. Using human genetics to understand the disease impacts of testosterone in men and women

Author

Ruth, Katherine S, Day, Felix R, Tyrrell, Jessica, Thompson, Deborah J, Wood, Andrew R, Mahajan, Anubha, Beaumont, Robin N, Wittemans, Laura, Martin, Susan, Busch, Alexander S., Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut, Hollis, Benjamin, O’Mara, Tracy A., McCarthy, Mark I, Langenberg, Claudia, Easton, Douglas F, Wareham, Nicholas J, Burgess, Stephen, Murray, Anna, Ong, Ken K, Frayling, Timothy M, and Perry, John R. B.

Abstract

Testosterone supplementation is commonly used for its effects on sexual function, bone health and body composition, yet its effects on disease outcomes are unknown. To better understand this, we identified genetic determinants of testosterone levels and related sex hormone traits in 425,097 UK Biobank study participants. Using 2,571 genome-wide significant associations, we demonstrate that the genetic determinants of testosterone levels are substantially different between sexes and that genetically higher testosterone is harmful for metabolic diseases in women but beneficial in men. For example, a genetically determined 1 s.d. higher testosterone increases the risks of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 1.37 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.22–1.53)) and polycystic ovary syndrome (OR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.33–1.72)) in women, but reduces type 2 diabetes risk in men (OR = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.98)). We also show adverse effects of higher testosterone on breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. Our findings provide insights into the disease impacts of testosterone and highlight the importance of sex-specific genetic analyses.

Published
2020
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49. Genetic predisposition to mosaic Y chromosome loss in blood

Author

Thompson, Deborah J., Genovese, Giulio, Halvardson, Jonatan, Ulirsch, Jacob C., Wright, Daniel J., Terao, Chikashi, Davidsson, Olafur B., Day, Felix R., Sulem, Patrick, Jiang, Yunxuan, Danielsson, Marcus, Davies, Hanna, Dennis, Joe, Dunlop, Malcolm G., Easton, Douglas F., Fisher, Victoria A., Zink, Florian, Houlston, Richard S., Ingelsson, Martin, Kar, Siddhartha, Kerrison, Nicola D., Kinnersley, Ben, Kristjansson, Ragnar P., Law, Philip J., Li, Rong, Loveday, Chey, Mattisson, Jonas, McCarroll, Steven A., Murakami, Yoshinori, Murray, Anna, Olszewski, Pawel, Rychlicka-Buniowska, Edyta, Scott, Robert A., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Ian, Moghadam, Behrooz Torabi, Turnbull, Clare, Wareham, Nicholas J., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Hoffmann, Eva R., Jackson, Steve P., Stefansson, Kari, Auton, Adam, Ong, Ken K., Machiela, Mitchell J., Loh, Po-Ru, Dumanski, Jan P., Chanock, Stephen J., Forsberg, Lars A., and Perry, John R. B.

Abstract

Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in circulating white blood cells is the most common form of clonal mosaicism1–5, yet our knowledge of the causes and consequences of this is limited. Here, using a computational approach, we estimate that 20% of the male population represented in the UK Biobank study (n= 205,011) has detectable LOY. We identify 156 autosomal genetic determinants of LOY, which we replicate in 757,114 men of European and Japanese ancestry. These loci highlight genes that are involved in cell-cycle regulation and cancer susceptibility, as well as somatic drivers of tumour growth and targets of cancer therapy. We demonstrate that genetic susceptibility to LOY is associated with non-haematological effects on health in both men and women, which supports the hypothesis that clonal haematopoiesis is a biomarker of genomic instability in other tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies dysregulated expression of autosomal genes in leukocytes with LOY and provides insights into why clonal expansion of these cells may occur. Collectively, these data highlight the value of studying clonal mosaicism to uncover fundamental mechanisms that underlie cancer and other ageing-related diseases.

Published
2019
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50. The rise of the non-religous

Author

Chand, Masud and Perry, John

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe rising number of non-religious people in Western countries can have major implications for organizations and their management practices. However, to date, this phenomenon has not attracted a great deal of interest among management scholars. In this paper, we outline how the rise of the non-religious could affect organizations in Western countries. We discuss three major issues. First, we elaborate on the phenomenon of rising non-religiosity. Next, we analyze how this rise of the non-religious population could affect businesses and organizations. We conclude by pointing out some ways in which managers can deal with this increasingly important phenomenon.

Published
2019
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