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Wildfires on average burn at 1472°F. To determine how a ductile‐iron pipeline would perform in ultra‐high temperatures, a sample pipe assembly was tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: As critical infrastructure, water systems must be designed to withstand seismic hazards where earthquakes are expected. While several planning tools and design solutions exist for seismic hazards, they are not standardized for the water community. Designing buried infrastructure to withstand differential ground movement and severe shaking comes with several challenges for water systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expertise of water utility staff forms the foundation for making successful pipeline repairs—whether planned or unexpected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The established method of calculating the pressure loss and the flow rate of flows through metering orifices requires empirical correction coefficients. In this paper, a completely momentum-based approach is presented to predict the flow rate and the pressure loss. It is shown that the proposed approach is as precise as the established method but without any empirical coefficient. The required physical coefficients solely base on physics. They pinpoint the sources of the inaccuracy that effects the employment of an empirical correction coefficient to correct the established method--and confirm the empirical correction coefficient on a physical foundation. Ultimately, the physical coefficients evade the effort to experimentally calibrate the theory with the experiments. The integral momentum balance is applied to a control volume comprising the orifice reaching up to the respective pressure metering cross section. Depending on the location of the control volume's open boundaries, the pressure loss or the flow rate can be obtained. To substitute the integral with averaged expressions, the introduced physical coefficients are deduced directly from numerical simulations and parametrized by simple analytical fit functions to complete the momentum-based approach. The numerical model and the proposed approach are both verified by the comparison with the results obtained by the standard ISO 5167:2003. The agreement with the classical calculation method as per ISO 5167:2003 is very high and within the specified limits, which shows that no empirical coefficient is necessary for high-accuracy flow metering using the momentum balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Garland, Texas, wanted to reduce its nonrevenue water (NRW), which had risen sharply between 2015 and 2020. Using satellite‐directed field leak inspections, the city was able to identify leaking pipes and reduce real water losses. Garland began a proactive leak detection program in 2021, and NRW has dropped significantly because of these efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: "Water quality aesthetics" describes various customer concerns, such as taste and odor, color, turbidity, and effects of pipe corrosion. As end users, customers are on the front lines of emergent water issues and can indicate aesthetic quality changes for water suppliers. Managing aesthetic quality in a proactive manner not only can save a water supplier money but also build public confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proactive condition assessment was conducted to ensure the long‐term integrity and viability of a critical raw water pipeline, preventing a potential failure and loss of service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new AWWA tool analyzes effective useful life for water treatment plant and pumping station assets, allowing utilities to make targeted, data‐driven, and timely rehabilitation or replacement decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A utility's water main repair was a triple‐bottom‐line success, thanks to having a plan in place that considered efficiency, costs, and customer service, allowing the utility to respond quickly to unforeseen events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the differences between types of organic contaminants and their regulatory requirements helps operators maintain a well‐operating treatment plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Modeling tools can simulate possible disasters to water distribution systems, including pipe breaks, power outages, and changes to water source availability. Resilience analysis can help water utilities compare emergency response strategies for disasters that could affect their water distribution systems. Socioeconomic and environmental factors are useful to identify priority areas within a water distribution system to improve equitable resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Using desktop scoring to determine the likelihood of failure of water pipes should be phased out and replaced with advanced analytics, particularly machine learning. More accurate break predictions will lead to better estimates of how much to spend on pipe replacement and which pipes to replace. Utilities should integrate information about abandoned pipes and breaks into failure forecasting, including machine learning models. Some data issues can be cost‐efficiently rectified using machine learning and automated algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultrasonic tool helped a utility diagnose the condition of a metallic transmission main, target high‐risk pipe areas, and predict renewal needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Strategic planning for pipe renewal and replacement (R&R) is key to saving money, maintaining high‐quality service to customers, and preventing catastrophic infrastructure failures. A proactive capital improvement plan involves condition assessment, risk analysis, project prioritization, and creation of an R&R schedule, giving priority to pipes most in need. Scenario analysis using a powerful simulation model provides a systemwide forecast that is instrumental in planning, budgeting, and making the most of utility assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lead and Copper Rule Revisions require water systems to compile an inventory of service line materials by Oct. 16, 2024. A recently published document from the US Environmental Protection Agency provides utilities with detailed guidance on creating and maintaining an inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: K‐water manages South Korea's multiregional water pipelines, some of which are showing signs of wear. To best direct its efforts for preventing future failures, K‐water decided to focus on the health of its large‐diameter pipes. Reliable tools to conduct pipeline inspections were essential, so a team developed and tested three technologies that produced improved results overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC Water installed state‐of‐the‐art technology to detect hard‐to‐find leaks in water pipes and valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a beneficial use of reclaimed water, the brackish wetland effluent serves as a water source for estuarine wetland restoration projects and brackish surface waters while sustaining natural ecosystems. This included aeration of subsurface-flow horizontal wetlands to support the microbial conversion of ammonium to nitrate and subsequently to gaseous nitrogen in the anaerobic second-stage wetlands (Photo 2). Keywords: Discharge; Concentrate Management; Reverse Osmosis; Water Quality; State Regulations; Federal Regulations; Compliance; Wetlands; Desalination; Contaminants; Wastes; Surface Water; Brines; Dilution; Environment; Water Resources; Membranes; Industrial Wastes; Metals; Nutrients; Standards; Streams; Utilities; Costs; Pipes; Aeration; pH; Disinfection; Dechlorination EN Discharge Concentrate Management Reverse Osmosis Water Quality State Regulations Federal Regulations Compliance Wetlands Desalination Contaminants Wastes Surface Water Brines Dilution Environment Water Resources Membranes Industrial Wastes Metals Nutrients Standards Streams Utilities Costs Pipes Aeration pH Disinfection Dechlorination 79 82 4 11/03/22 20221101 NES 221101 GLO:KNS/01nov22:awwa2002-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl The City of Oxnard's Advanced Wastewater Purification Plant demonstrated the treatment potential of reverse osmosis concentrate management using constructed wetlands. [Extracted from the article]

Key Takeaways: As its current workforce ages and retires, the water industry needs to bring in ambitious, young employees to keep the water flowing. Classrooms provide students with technical knowledge, and internships provide them with hands‐on experience that will help them stand out in job applications. Internships allow employers to see how prospective applicants work under pressure to determine if they are a good fit for the team. Internship programs provide a potential pipeline for new employees who may have not otherwise known about water industry positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Denver Water's project to upgrade part of its water system involves building a new treatment plant, installing new pipeline, and redeveloping the existing treatment plant. Good stewardship through commitment to protecting the environment, serving current and future populations, and exercising fiscal responsibility is woven into the Northwater Treatment Plant project. The Envision sustainability assessment framework, along with pursuit of the Envision Gold Award, has helped Denver Water achieve its project objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese (Mn) accumulation and release in distribution systems degrade water quality and pose underappreciated risks to public health. Main cleaning is an essential preventive maintenance practice to sustainably remove legacy Mn and preserve water quality to the tap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water utilities stand a better chance of a smoothly run project to replace or rehabilitate pipes if they choose an approach that's the best fit for their specific circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates how Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models perform in simulating the characteristics of mean three-dimensional perturbed flows in pipes with targeted wall-shapes. The principal objective of this investigation is to evaluate which of the well-established RANS models can best predict the flow response and recovery characteristics in perturbed pipes at moderate and high Reynolds numbers (1×104-1.58×105). First, the flow profiles at various axial locations are compared between simulations and experiments. This is followed by assessing the well-known mean pipeflow scaling relation in the far downstream region, where the flow obtains a fully-developed state. The consistency of computationally predicted results and their similarities with experiments suggested that the Standard k-ε model can accurately capture the pipeflow characteristics in response to introduced perturbation with smooth sinusoidal axial variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: For years, geosmin was causing taste and odor (T&O) issues for the residents of Tulsa, Okla. With the application of algaecide at the pipe's intake, the median geosmin concentration was reduced by 83%. While utilities should focus on source water quality, the application of algaecide can help provide immediate relief for T&O issues related to geosmin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's critical that the water and chemical sectors work together to effectively manage future supply challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upgrades at the spallation neutron source (SNS) accelerator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are underway to double its proton beam power from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. About 2 MW will go to the current first station while the rest will go to the future Second Target Station. The increase of beam power to the first target station is especially challenging for its mercury target. When the short proton beam hits the target, strong pressure waves are generated, causing cavitation erosion and challenging stresses for the target's weld regions. SNS has successfully operated reliably at 1.4 MW by mitigating the pressure wave with the injection of small Helium bubbles into the mercury. To operate reliably at 2 MW, more gas will be injected into mercury to mitigate the pressure wave further. However, the mercury process loop was not originally designed for gas injection, and the accumulation of gas in the pipes is a concern. Due to space constraints, a custom gas liquid separator (GLS) was designed to fit a 90-deg horizontal elbow space in the SNS mercury loop. Simulations and experiments were performed, and a successful design was developed that has the desired efficiency while keeping the pressure losses acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pipe deflection and soil strain were measured after each layer of soil was spread. It is easier at the outset to relate the ring deflection directly to the same. soil properties that determine the soil modulus (the single most important soil property being soil density or compaction). This equation simply states that for a high stiffness ratio, the ring deflection is the same as the vertical soil strain - the ring merely follows the soil down. Thus pipe-soil interaction takes advantage of mutual contributions of pipe to soil and soil to pipe in a highly successful structural system. [Extracted from the article]

Utilities should select condition assessment approaches that align with their budgets and goals to target priority assets and develop effective asset management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accordingly, a utility generally evaluates each smart water technology on the basis of costs and benefits within the context of the utility's history and current capability for technology integration. Keywords: Pipes; Rehabilitation; Water Loss; Infrastructure; Utility Management; Leak Detection EN Pipes Rehabilitation Water Loss Infrastructure Utility Management Leak Detection 69 73 5 09/09/21 20210901 NES 210901 GLO:KNS/01sep21:awwa1770-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl I Layout imagery by Giorgio Rossi/Shutterstock.com i Aging water infrastructure and associated repair and replacement costs are among the top concerns for water utilities around the world. From metering technologies and software tools to aid water distribution system management, to geographic information system technology and SCADA solutions, an SWN isn't a single technology. [Extracted from the article]

A sudden pressure increase of fluid in a pipe, called water hammer, can cause pipes to burst or collapse. With adequate knowledge and training, and by selecting the right equipment, the costly damage from water hammer is preventable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Water utilities typically replace aggregated clusters of pipelines rather than individual pipes to minimize repeated disruption and mobilization cost. Risk assessments that report high‐risk pipes at the resolution of individual segments fall short of the clustering approach. A postprocessing method improves risk assessment efficacy by scaling risk calculations from individual pipe segments to a more meaningful and actionable cluster resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: History; Infrastructure; Federal Legislation; Federal Funding; Lakes; Rivers; Estuaries; Wetlands; Habitats; Wildlife; Pipes; Lead; Service Lines; Emerging Contaminants EN History Infrastructure Federal Legislation Federal Funding Lakes Rivers Estuaries Wetlands Habitats Wildlife Pipes Lead Service Lines Emerging Contaminants 6 8 3 04/07/22 20220401 NES 220401 The bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58) provides a historic opportunity to deliver on the promise of clean water, now and for future generations. Congress established the SRFs as subsidized loan programs that would be capitalized with a federal grant, plus state funding equivalent to 20% of federal funding. [Extracted from the article]

MDC also uses documentary-style videos to communicate updates on projects and programs; meanwhile, the whiteboard videos have become essential in getting information out quickly, in a format that can be easily produced, updated, and improved. MDC's whiteboard videos have been so successful and well received, both internally and externally, that they have since become a fixture in MDC's public outreach. [Extracted from the article]

Real‐time monitoring tools were used to gauge the condition of a prestressed concrete cylinder pipe to help a Colorado utility target high‐risk pipe areas and predict future renewal needs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Utilities replace water mains by responding to failures or proactively choosing pipes likely to fail. Machine learning can find fragile pipes more accurately than using age or historical breaks as indicators. More accurate and often less expensive than other condition assessments, machine learning uses hundreds of variables to find patterns most people can't see. Timely selection of the right pipes to inspect, repair, or replace can reduce breaks and optimize the pipes' remaining useful life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the increasing use of digital tools and models in water system management. It highlights the importance of reliable tools in the face of new regulations, customer expectations, and climate change. The article mentions the use of digital twins, which provide insights into understanding and improving water systems, as well as machine learning models that optimize operations and predict future conditions. It also emphasizes the need for managers to consider the impact of these new systems on their workforce and to update job descriptions and announcements accordingly. The article concludes by encouraging readers to stay updated on the latest digital tools and services in the water industry through Journal AWWA. [Extracted from the article]

Acoustic velocity testing with condition assessment technology improves pipe wall thickness analysis and saves on unnecessary pipe replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With minimal disruption and realistic results, pipe harvesting as part of a corrosion control study can help utilities effectively test and manage their water distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper pitting is a significant but preventable cause of drinking water plumbing failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because there are no defining AWWA or ASTM International standards for specific elastomers used in the water industry, it's important to understand the chemistry, properties, and test methods associated with elastomers when selecting and specifying their use. Keywords: Standards; Pipes; Equipment; Linings EN Standards Pipes Equipment Linings 88 90 3 06/05/21 20210601 NES 210601 GLO:KNS/01jun21:awwa1732-gra-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl I AWWA's new Manual M75 educates water professionals on elastomers and their application in seals, diaphragms, gaskets, and packing used in piping and equipment. The manual explains the generic elastomer types, including their properties, characteristics, and compatibilities with water systems, helping users select and apply elastomers in water products. [Extracted from the article]

Changing standards have allowed for critical product improvements in lead‐free, silicon‐based brass. This innovation is stronger and more sustainable for utilities replacing aging infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AWWA's competitions, presented at AWWA's Annual Conference & Exposition (ACE) each June, are a great way for operators to get to know other water professionals and get connected with their section events. Of the five annual operator competitions, Hydrant Hysteria is the newest and fastest‐growing initiative of AWWA's Operator Involvement Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, three North Carolina water utilities—Cape Fear Public Utility Authority (CFPUA), Lower Cape Fear Water & Sewer Authority (LCFWASA), and Brunswick County—prepared a raw water supply analysis that found raw water demands in southeastern North Carolina would increase by 190% in the next four decades. Driven by population growth, the projections also indicated that the supply capacity of LCFWASA's Kings Bluff Raw Water Facilities, which serves local governments and industry across five counties, would most likely be surpassed by 2025. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Two failure modes for buried smooth‐wall steel pipe are described in AWWA Manual M11; it's likely that these failure modes would also apply to buried copper tubing. This article explores how analysis methods and acceptance criteria for buried steel piping can be used to understand the practical implications for buried copper tubing. Buried copper tubing for water service typically has a large overburden capacity and for the most part shouldn't require explicit evaluation for soil and surface surcharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: Pockets of low chlorine residual have been found in New York City's water distribution system, with fluctuating water demand resulting from the seasonal operation of local institutions. Variations of the chlorine residual profiles in one such pocket were found through both field and laboratory investigations. Once the cast‐iron pipe was replaced with ductile‐iron pipe in the study area, an acceptable chlorine residual was usually maintained; when low chlorine residuals were observed, low‐velocity flushing remediated the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]