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Full duplex (FD) in cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) has improved the overall system throughput at most to double the half duplex (HD) counterpart. Although there is an overall improvement in the throughput, it is mainly due to the downlink (DL) rate, while the uplink (UL) rate is highly degraded due to the substantial DL interference. In this paper, we showed how by employing a downlink power control (DLPC), the overall capacity could be improved along with UL rate improvement. In DL, we could achieve 2.9 times the HD rate and 1.5 times that of FD without DLPC. In UL, 1.6 times the HD rate and the improvement up to 3.49 bps/Hz from rates of the order 1 0 − 4 bps/Hz of FD without DLPC. We have also shown how by appropriately selecting DL and UL power control parameters, we can reduce the cluster size requirement in the FD C-RAN system and the fronthaul capacity requirements. We use Matern Cluster Process (MCP) to model the network. We provide coverage and rate as integral expressions in terms of special functions and algebraic terms. We also derive closed-form approximations for asymptotic rates and reflect few insights into the system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the spatial pattern of Cleistogenes squarrosa population in different restorative succession communities of the typical steppe dominated by Stipa grandis and Leymus chinensis in Inner Mongolia was measured by photography orientation, and analyzed by complete spatial randomness model, Poisson cluster process, and nested double-cluster process. In severely degraded community, C. squarrosa population fitted well nested double-cluster process for all scales, i. e. , high density small clusters existed at the centers of large clusters; whereas in 5-, 8-, and 21-year- old restored communities, C. squarrosa population fitted well Poisson cluster process for all scales, i. e. , high density small clusters did not exist at the centers of the clusters. It was suggested that facilitation was the dominant interaction in severely degraded community, while competition dominated in restored communities. The differences in the spatial pattern of C. squarrosa population during the restorative succession could be induced by the shift from facilitation to competition along the gradient of grazing stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study which uses a wide class of spatial point processes, the shot noise Cox processes (SNCP), to model species occupancies at different spatial scales. The study show that species' spatial aggregation is important for predicting population estimates at fine scales starting from coarser ones.