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When people share their prosocial behavior on social media, they face a dilemma. By making prosocial disclosures, they risk being perceived as self-promoting or even selfish and thus less likable. By staying silent, they fail to spread awareness about prosocial activities they value. Drawing on attribution theory, we study the digital reaction of likes to the self-disclosure of prosocial activities that involve multiple stakeholders to understand the affordances and constraints of social media. Leveraging field data on a social networking site, we found that reporting a higher level of self-effort increases the digital reaction of likes. To our surprise, expressing gratitude for the sponsor's efforts also increased likes for such selfdisclosures. Through lab experiments that emulated this context, we dissected this paradox by separating the positive effect of expressing gratitude and the negative effect of sharing credit with other stakeholders on likes. Further, we underscore the salience of expressing gratitude, even when gratitude was extended to sponsors with bad reputations. Our study contributes to the design of a more humane digital world where individuals share and promote prosocial activities without compromising their likability and offers valuable insights for navigating the evolving landscape of social networking platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Many universities utilize bystander intervention training to address high rates of sexual assault on college campuses. To that end, research has long sought to characterize common barriers to bystander intervention to inform future programming efforts. However, recent efforts have also noted the importance of understanding intervention facilitators, or factors that encourage someone to help in risk situations. For example, a moral obligation to "step in" has been highlighted as a potential facilitator among college students who have intervened in sexual risk situations. Higher levels of empathy are also noted as encouraging prosocial intervention behaviors. Yet, what remains to be examined is the possibility that a greater combination of progressive moral foundations and empathic concern may favorably impact perceptions of barriers and behaviors as related to sexual assault bystander intervention. Method: The present study tested this hypothesis in a sample of 1,144 undergraduate students who completed self-report assessments related to moral foundations, empathy, and perceptions of barriers and proactive behaviors in light of sexual assault risk. Results: A series of moderation analyses revealed those who endorsed a greater combination of progressive moral foundations and empathic concern reported less perceived barriers and increased engagement in sexual assault bystander intervention behaviors. By contrast, those with lower empathy reported greater barriers and less intervention behaviors even in the presence of progressive moral foundations. Conclusions: Should these virtues be modifiable as research suggests, activities enhancing progressive moral foundations and empathic concern may be important additions to bystander intervention programming on college campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings, with a focus on the mediating effect of empathy and the moderating role of school level among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: Data were collected by a cross-sectional survey. A total of 1491 students in Grades 4–11 participated (Boys = 52.8%; Meanage = 13.00 years, Standard Deviationage = 2.31). Structural equation modeling is employed to test the hypotheses. Results: The results indicate that empathy measures partially mediate the relationship between victimization experience and defending tendency in public in-school bullying situations. In particular, individuals with a history of victimization typically demonstrate lower levels of empathy. They are less likely to protect victims in school bullying situations in the presence of others, which suggests that empathy plays a significant mediating role in this relationship. Group differences were found between primary and secondary school students, which indicates that the hypothesized model should be considered through a developmental perspective. Conclusions: The findings of this study emphasize the importance of children's benign peer relationships, and practitioners are encouraged to prevent victimization in schools and care for students who have been victimized; specific measures include cultivating empathy, teaching defending skills that have been found to help reduce the adverse effects of victimization, and encouraging prosocial behavior during children's socialization development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Theory of Mind (ToM) and empathy are crucial cognitive and emotional capacities that influence social interactions. While their role in promoting prosocial behavior has been established, the potential moderating effect of mindfulness on this relationship remains unexplored. Understanding these complex interactions is vital for developing effective interventions to foster prosocial behavior among college students. This study examines the influence of ToM on college students' prosocial behavior and explores the moderating role of mindfulness in this relationship. Methods: A mixed-methods approach combining questionnaires and experimental design was employed. Study 1: A survey of 759 college students (mean age 22.03 years; 477 females) was conducted using the ToM Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Prosocial Behavior Tendency Scale, and Mindfulness Awareness Scale. Data were analyzed using correlation and moderated mediation analyses. Study 2: An 8-week mindfulness attention training program was implemented for the intervention group and compared with a control group. Mindfulness training served as a moderating variable to validate Model 59 from Study 1. Results: 1. Study 1 found: (a) ToM was significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). (b) Empathy partially mediated the relationship between ToM and prosocial behavior (β = 0.10, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.06, 0.14]). (c) Mindfulness negatively moderated the direct path between ToM and three dimensions of prosocial behavior, as well as the indirect path between empathy and kin altruism and reciprocal altruism. Specifically, high levels of mindfulness weakened the direct impact of ToM on prosocial behavior. High levels of mindfulness also weakened the indirect influence of ToM on prosocial behavior through empathy. 2. Study 2 results showed: (a) The intervention group had significantly higher levels of trait mindfulness compared to the control group (t = 2.56, p < 0.05). (b) The validity of the moderated mediation model 59 from Study 1 was verified. Conclusion: While ToM and empathy play crucial roles in fostering prosocial behavior, mindfulness exhibits a more complex influence than anticipated, potentially inhibiting prosocial behavior under certain circumstances. These findings offer novel insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying prosocial behavior and underscore the importance of considering multiple interacting factors in its promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how expressed gratitude and apologies functioned as politeness strategies among 499 Japanese workers. In this online experimental research with 4 message conditions (control, gratitude, apologies, both) and 2 status conditions (lower/same), participants read a message from a hypothetical coworker and reported perceptions of face threats in the message, the coworker's warmth, and their willingness to engage in prosocial behavior. Results indicated that expressed gratitude and apologies reduced face threats compared to no expressions. Further, path analysis showed that expressed gratitude indirectly affected perceptions of warmth through reduced face threats. Additionally, status differences influenced participants' prosocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Humans are usually compassionate, caring and empathetic toward others, but are we really hard-wired for altruism when a disaster hits? There is evidence that people exposed to natural disasters tend to behave more philanthropically, but most studies rely on small-scale surveys and experimental data. For that reason, this paper makes a novel contribution to the literature by investigating whether the COVID-19 pandemic has altered prosocial tendencies and charitable donations, using a novel daily dataset of debit and credit card transactions. I conduct a real-time analysis of actual charitable donations in three European countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and find that the COVID-19 pandemic and government interventions have no significant effect on how much people contribute to charities as a share of total spending. A higher preference for precautionary savings in the midst of the pandemic appears to outweigh altruistic behavior, while government welfare programs crowds out private charitable donations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human society rests on communicated information, much of which is shared without an expectation of reward. We suggest that, like other forms of prosociality, this type of information provision is fueled by gratitude. To reflect the fact that information differs in some ways from other goods, we call this form of gratitude epistemic gratitude. In a first experiment (all preregisterered, with US participants), we show that participants are more grateful for information that provides more benefits, at a greater cost to the sender, that was sent intentionally, and gratuitously. Experiment 2 shows that information shared with a large audience generates less gratitude in individual audience members. Experiment 3 shows that information that can be further passed on to others elicits more gratitude. In the supplementary materials, we also report a series of inconclusive experiments testing whether gratitude increases when an initially doubted piece of information is confirmed, and whether participants think others communicate in a way that maximizes gratitude in the audience. In conclusion, we speculate on the consequences of epistemic gratitude—in particular, which type of information is more likely to elicit epistemic gratitude—for diverse cultural phenomena, from personalization in marketing to rumor diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study qualitatively explores the understanding and need for social touch in cognitive communication. The empirical data are collected from a sample of 17 young unmarried females of 18 to 24 years through in-depth interviews. Six main themes are identified: meaning, touch need, accessibility, factors shaping touch expression, social agents of touch, and impacts of touch deprivation. The result indicates that the cultural traditions and religious narratives have significantly affected the perceptions of females in such a way that they do not realize their touch needs. This arouses concerns and points toward a prediction that it will not take much longer to see its ill effects on the general population. The findings of the study are significant to healthcare professionals and educationists to carry out focused campaigns and timely interventions. The study has resulted in both theoretical contributions to prosocial behavior literature and is a valuable addition to social touch research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although online health communities are acknowledged for their role in bridging the supply-demand gap in mental health services, the client decision-making process in these environments remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of different signals presented on psychological counselors' home pages on clients' choices. Methods: Adopting signaling theory as the framework, this study classified information into online and offline signals and developed a theoretical model to examine client choice behaviors. We collected data from 487 psychological counselors in a leading Chinese online mental health community during March, June, September, and December 2023. Based on these data, we constructed a 4-period balanced panel dataset. A fixed effects model was used to analyze which signals influence clients' choices of psychological counselors. Results: Regarding online signals, the service price (β=0.186, P <.001) and online reputation (β=0.489, P =.002) of psychological counselors positively influence clients' choices. Concerning offline signals, psychological counselors' practical experience (β=0.007, P <.001) is positively related to clients' choices. Moreover, the results indicate that the relationship between a counselor's prosocial behavior and clients' choices is not linear but rather exhibits an inverted U-shape. Conclusions: This study reveals that the varied information provided by psychological counselors has distinct impacts on clients' choices in online health communities. It broadens the application of signaling theory to online behaviors and emphasizes the importance of both online and offline signals. These insights offer strategic guidance for counselors and online platforms to better meet potential clients' needs by optimizing the information presented on psychological counselors' home pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients using web-based health care communities for e-consultation services have the option to choose their service providers from an extensive digital market. To stand out in this crowded field, doctors in web-based health care communities often engage in prosocial behaviors, such as proactive and reactive actions, to attract more users. However, the effect of these behaviors on the volume of e-consultations remains unclear and warrants further exploration. Objective: This study investigates the impact of various prosocial behaviors on doctors' e-consultation volume in web-based health care communities and the moderating effects of doctors' digital and offline reputations. Methods: A panel data set containing information on 2880 doctors over a 22-month period was obtained from one of the largest web-based health care communities in China. Data analysis was conducted using a 2-way fixed effects model with robust clustered SEs. A series of robustness checks were also performed, including alternative measurements of independent variables and estimation methods. Results: Results indicated that both types of doctors' prosocial behaviors, namely, proactive and reactive actions, positively impacted their e-consultation volume. In terms of the moderating effects of external reputation, doctors' offline professional titles were found to negatively moderate the relationship between their proactive behaviors and their e-consultation volume. However, these titles did not significantly affect the relationship between doctors' reactive behaviors and their e-consultation volume (P =.45). Additionally, doctors' digital recommendations from patients negatively moderated both the relationship between doctors' proactive behaviors and e-consultation volume and the relationship between doctors' reactive behaviors and e-consultation volume. Conclusions: Drawing upon functional motives theory and social exchange theory, this study categorizes doctors' prosocial behaviors into proactive and reactive actions. It provides empirical evidence that prosocial behaviors can lead to an increase in e-consultation volume. This study also illuminates the moderating roles doctors' digital and offline reputations play in the relationships between prosocial behaviors and e-consultation volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Life & School: a Magazine for the Theory and Practice of Education / Život i škola : časopis za teoriju i praksu odgoja i obrazovanja is the property of Zivot i Skola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research is to address the issue of low prosocial behavior in children, both at home and in public spaces. This was identified through observations and interviews with parents, who believe that the lack of their participation in their children's prosocial development is due to their limited understanding. To improve early childhood prosocial behavior, the research team developed an Android-based E-Module that is practical and user-friendly, as well as accessible to a wider audience. This type of research is referred to as development research. The study's objective is to design an Android-based E-Module application that can improve early childhood prosocial behavior within families. The ADDIE Model development method was utilized, with a survey conducted to assess the application's validity, which was further validated by multiple experts. The results showed that the Android-based E-Module application's validation test was deemed valid, and can be concluded that it is a useful tool to enhance early childhood prosocial behavior within families, specifically in the city of Padang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study focuses on how emotional expressivity influences the link between prosocial activities and self-esteem in undergraduate students. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study's sample consisted of 528 college students, with ages ranging from 17 to 24 years. Of the participants, 52.8% identified as female and 47.2% identified as male. The participants in the study were provided with Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, a measure of prosocial propensity, and an emotional expressivity scale. Statistical Package for Social Science was used to generate the results. Findings: The findings reveal the relationship between self-esteem and prosocial behavior, as well as the contribution of emotional expressivity as a modifier in that correlation. It was further explored that people who scored high on self-esteem and emotional expressivity were more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors. Conclusion: Gaining insight into the underlying factors that contribute to the correlation between self-esteem and prosocial behaviour is crucial to the advancement of strategies aimed at fostering and demonstrating prosocial behaviour. Research Limitation: One possible limitation of the study is its reliance on self-reported measures, which may be subject to bias regarding social desirability and may not completely capture individuals' actual behaviours. To supplement self-reported data, future studies could use observational or experimental approaches. Practical Implication: The study's conclusions have consequences for educators, counselors, and policymakers. Understanding the function of emotional expressivity in encouraging prosocial behavior can help guide initiatives aimed at creating a pleasant and supportive atmosphere in educational institutions and communities. Contribution to Literature: This study improves the existing body of facts by looking into the relationship between self-esteem, emotional expressivity, and prosocial behaviors. It enhances our understanding of the aspects that drive prosocial behavior and emphasizes the status of moderation for emotional expressivity in the context of this connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal mixed-method study examined the content and qualities of parent-adolescent conversations about the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether discourse about social responsibility (i.e., care for others and health protective behaviors [HPBs]) within conversations predicted changes in adolescents' socially responsible behavior across the first year of the pandemic. Participants were 122 ethnically/racially diverse parent-adolescent dyads from Southern California. In spring 2020 (Time 1), adolescents completed an online survey measuring their engagement in HPBs (e.g., social distancing) and prosociality (both pandemic-specific and global). A few months following survey completion (Time 2), parent-adolescent dyads engaged in an audio-recorded conversation about the pandemic. In winter 2020 (Time 3), adolescents' engagement in HPBs and prosociality were reassessed via an online survey. Dyads spent 25% of conversational turns, on average, discussing social responsibility (4% and 21% of turns discussing care for others and HPBs, respectively). Internal state language reflecting emotion terms was positively correlated with the proportion of conversational turns spent discussing care for others and negatively associated with conversational turns spent discussing HPBs. Regression analyses revealed that both care for others and HPB conversation themes uniquely predicted increases in adolescents' engagement in HPBs over time; however, care for others was a stronger predictor (β = 0.24 vs. β = 0.16). Discussions about care for others (but not HPBs) predicted increases in pandemic-specific prosociality, but not global prosocial behavior. Parent-adolescent conversations may be rich ground for the socialization of adolescents' social responsibility during crises and can inform best practices for engaging adolescents in current and future community health initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whether elevation elicited by meaningful movie clips led to helping regardless of whether a stranger's need for help is attributed to a controllable or an uncontrollable cause. It also compared elevation against positive-valenced affective state in facilitating prosocial behavior. A randomized, between-subject laboratory experiment was conducted with 208 undergraduate participants in the United States approximately one week after they completed a pretest survey. Although participants experienced the induced emotional state, neither of these two types of positive emotions explained their helping behavior. This points to the nuanced nature of the relationships between positive emotions and helping. The role of media content types, attribution, and prosocial personality are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria De Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of our study was to test the effectiveness of the prosocial goals intervention in adolescents. We tested its effects on prosocial behavior as assessed by the decomposed game (DG) and the Efforts for Charity Index (ECI) capturing actual behavior leading to charitable donations. We applied a randomized controlled trial with four measurements. The results showed statistically significant effects of the intervention on the ECI, even when the baseline level of prosocial behavior and participants' age were controlled for, but revealed no significant effects on the DG. The ECI proved to be a reliable and sensitive behavioral tool assessing changes in prosocial behavior. This short intervention facilitating prosocial goal realization may be useful for practitioners working with adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's good behavior on playgrounds is important to their overall social development. This study aimed to investigate the roles of parents and children's prosocial behavior in the playground in the Singgalang Padang Complex. Furthermore, this study looked at the effect of training on their parents' prosocial behavior. This was a mixed-method research study in which the qualitative analysis used interviews and questionnaires on 20 parents to investigate their prosocial behavior. Following that, the parents participated in three training sessions to increase their understanding of improving their children's prosocial behavior. The influence of the instruction on the children's prosocial behavior was then assessed using a quantitative analysis based on a quasi-experimental design. The qualitative data revealed a scarcity of prosocial activities for early development in public facilities and playgrounds. However, quantitative data revealed a substantial change in children's prosocial conduct before and after parental instruction (Cohen d = 1.13). On the other hand, the conduct of today's youth has a considerable influence on the extent to which they have acquired their ability for prosocial maturity. If parents receive training to help their children develop prosocial behavior, they will be able to socialize with other children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By delving into the psychological underpinnings of online prosocial behaviour, this paper aims to enhance the ongoing movement in understanding the mechanisms and motivations that drive individuals to engage in prosocial acts through different approaches. Each approach offers unique perspectives on the mechanisms, motivations, and influences that shapes prosocial behaviour in an online environment. They provide frameworks for studying and explaining the complex nature of online prosocial behaviour, shedding light on the factors that drive individuals to help others. The paper contributes to the existing research by enhancing the comprehension of the intricate interplay among motivations, cognitive processes, and social factors that drive online prosocial behaviour across various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have investigated whether facial averageness, masculinity, and similarity are associated with facial attractiveness. These studies have relied on ratings of images of real or digitally morphed faces. It is important to establish whether past findings translate to real-life, face-to-face evaluations of potential partners; lack of effects in this context would cast doubt on the evolutionary relevance of previous findings. Further, previous studies have not considered that, by definition, faces that are more similar to the average face (i.e. higher in averageness) tend to be more similar to raters' faces. Therefore, these image-rating studies, which separately found that averageness and (in some cases) similarity are attractive, are confounded. To address these issues, we conducted a laboratory-based speed-dating study of 682 participants with objectively measured facial traits, where opposite-sex pairs rated each other on facial attractiveness and prosociality. We found that facial attractiveness was predicted separately by averageness and by similarity (to the rater), but with both variables in the same model, neither uniquely predicted attractiveness. Similarity, but not averageness, predicted prosociality ratings. Facial masculinity was positively and negatively associated with facial attractiveness ratings of men and women, respectively. These results confirm, in real-life interactions, some key findings from image-rating studies but raise questions about others, notably the attractiveness of facial averageness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comparative study aimed to investigate the association between religious orientation, prosocial behaviour and behavioural problems in adolescent girls studying in traditional and modern madrassas systems. Following APA-mandated ethical guidelines, 172 (n = 86 traditional madrassa, n = 86 modern madrassa) adolescent girls of 11-17 years of age (M = 13.69, SD = 1.80) were recruited through purposive sampling technique in this cross-sectional correlational research. Apart from providing sociodemographic information, all participants responded to the Religious Orientation Scale-Revised (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989) and The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (used both for prosocial behaviour and behavioural problems; Goodman et al., 1998). The findings indicated that intrinsic religious orientation had a negative association with behavioural problems including conduct problems, peer relationship problems, emotional problems and hyperactivity/inattention, while a positive relationship with prosocial behaviours. Also, intrinsic religious orientation positively predicted prosocial behaviour whereas extrinsic religious orientation positively predicted behavioural problems. Moreover, adolescents from traditional madrassas showed more extrinsic religious orientation and behavioural problems than those studying at modern madrassas who demonstrated more intrinsic religious orientation and prosocial behaviour. These outcomes have important implications for mental health professionals, policymakers and researchers focused on educational settings and adolescent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosocial common-pool behavior – subtractable and non-excludable behavior that benefits others – is essential for the survival of any population of social individuals. The behavior, however, usually carries a cost to those who contribute it, placing them at a disadvantage with respect to those who freeride – those who do not contribute but still benefit. How populations sustain existing or adopt new prosocial common-pool behaviors remains unclear. We introduce a theoretical agent-based model and use it to study the role of social identity in a population’s adoption of such behavior. Social identity is relevant because it influences the behavior of individuals in a group, including their willingness to behave prosocially. Our model simulates the emergence of multiple and dynamic social identities of agents within self-organizing groups. Our simulation results suggest that the role of social identity may depend substantially on the density of the population and the commitment level of population members to their groups; that the relationship between density, commitment, and adoption may be nuanced; that, under lower density levels, mobility between groups may be essential; and that the persistence and adoption of prosocial behavior in a population may be overwhelmingly driven by individuals who are highly committed to their groups. The results caution against the influence of two looming worldwide trends – an increase in population density and a decrease in group commitment. The results suggest that, when combined, these two trends may produce the lowest adoption levels of prosocial behavior, the adverse and population-wide repercussions of which could be catastrophic. Finally, our results suggest that social identity may play a helpful role in offsetting the consequences of these trends, implying a need for further empirical and experimental study of the subject and future consideration of incorporating the role of social identity into policy analysis and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores writing center theories and collaborative praxis from the perspective of an individual who has experienced long- term isolation and incarceration. This writer reflects on how participation in his college- in- prison community, including his service as a writing tutor and teaching fellow, has led to his immersion in prosocial healing behaviors that come with liberative and collaborative pedagogical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One way the legal system helps to maintain a cooperative society is by establishing and enforcing resource-sharing arrangements. These are "resource-sharing laws." Four insights emerge from exploring connections between evolutionary psychology and resource-sharing laws. First, our evolved predispositions to act prosocially and to prefer fair division make it easier to use the law as a tool to share resources. Second, the polygyny prohibition illuminates unique contributions resource-sharing laws can make to the other norms and institutions that facilitate sharing resources. Third, the resource-sharing challenges that arise in hunting big game, a formative endeavor in shaping human behavior, can help to explain the emergence of a predisposition to rely on legal systems to organize social behavior more generally. Fourth, identifying the resource-sharing challenges embedded in market transactions helps to explain the nuanced relationship between prosociality and transactions with strangers. Together these insights demonstrate why law's role as tool to share resources is an important new context in which to explore the role law plays in the development and maintenance of a cooperative society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the correlation of Childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students. We conducted a survey to assess the childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in our college from November 1, 2021 to December 15, 2021. The parental companionship status questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and prosocial behavior questionnaire were used for survey. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation of childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students. The Bootstrap method was used to test the potentially mediating effect. A total of 2186 college students were included. The average total companionship score was (60.52 ± 5.17), the average self-esteem scale score was (27.15 ± 8.56), the prosocial behavior questionnaire score was (61.19 ± 15.04). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that childhood parental companionship was positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.679) and prosocial behavior(r = 0.679) in included college students (all P < 0.05). Self-esteem had mediating effect on parental companionship and prosocial behavior of included college students, its mediating effect was −0.445, accounting for 77.92 % of the total effect. Childhood parental companionship is positively correlated with self-esteem and prosocial behavior, and self-esteem play a mediating role in the parental companionship and prosocial behavior of college students. • College students have low level of childhood parental companionship and prosocial behavior, and high level of self-esteem. • Childhood parental companionship is positively correlated with self-esteem scale and prosocial behavior. • Self-esteem plays a mediating role in the parental companionship and prosocial behavior of college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to offer an overview of the trends that characterize the current research on prosocial media effects. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review. The period reviewed was from 2017 to 2021. It found four general trends: The first one is related to research on prosocial children´s media. The second deals with the examination of the effects of mixing prosocial and violent content and practices in the same media text. The third reflects the importance of exploring what happens during media use in relation to user behaviors above all in multiplayer video games social dynamics. Finally, the fourth trend found is related to the exploration of the possibilities opened up by immersive media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examined the relationship between college students' moral elevation and prosocial behavior. As well as the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of moral identity. Methods: A sample of 489 college students were recruited for the study. They were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, including Moral Elevation Scale (MES), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Moral Identity Scale (MIS) and Prosocial Tendency Measure (PTM). As part of the data analysis, we used correlation analysis and the method of constructing latent variable structural equation model to explore the mechanism of action among variables. Results: After controlling for gender, discipline, the research found that: (1) Moral elevation positively predicted the prosocial behavior among the college students; (2) Perceived social support mediated the relationship between moral elevation and prosocial behavior; (3) Moral identity moderated the second half of the model (i.e., the link between perceived social support and prosocial behavior). Specifically, the mediating effect of perceived social support was stronger for college students with high-level moral identity compared to those with low-level moral identity. Conclusions: Moral identity significantly moderates the mediating effect of perceived social support, and the mediating model with moderated is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we introduce deep neural networks (a form of artificial intelligence) as a novel method for quantifying facial characteristics such as averageness, masculinity, and similarity. Previous methods have quantified facial characteristics using subjective ratings, or objective landmark methods which ignore much of the information we use to perceive faces (e.g. skin colour and contrast, hair, eye colour). We obtained facial images and in-person ratings of facial attractiveness and kindness from 682 speed-dating participants. We find that facial measures derived from neural networks similarly predict in-person ratings compared to facial measures derived from both manual and automatic landmarks. Using neural network-derived measures, we find robust evidence for the attractiveness of masculinity in males, as well as some evidence for assortative preferences for masculinity. Past findings were supported regarding facial similarity as a cue of prosociality. Correlations between neural network and landmark measures were significant but small, and we found that neural network measures captured information beyond face shape. Neural network measures of masculinity had little to no correlation with facial pitch (head tilt) on measures of masculinity, overcoming a major limitation of landmark measures, which were substantially correlated with facial pitch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the influence of FaceReader-coded emotional arousal and valence on the effectiveness of civic education. The experimental design allowed the authors to observe relationships between emotional responsiveness and memorisation, attitude change, and prosocial behaviour. In the study with 90 adult participants, we video-recorded facial expressions while watching three parallel versions of a narrative on anti-communist opposition in Poland. The analysis of collected data suggested that emotional arousal is associated with prosocial behaviour and the valence of signalling with an attitude change, while cognitive effects are not related to emotional responsiveness. Moreover, civic education depends on the triad of emotions: sadness, happiness, and disgust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedented social distancing rules (including mass school closures) dramatically constrained children’s social lives, jeopardizing human connections that foster prosocial development. This study of 2,516 families of 3–8-year-olds from six countries (China, Sweden, Australia, Italy, the USA, and the United Kingdom) examined whether children’s understanding or feelings about COVID-19 regulations mediated the expected association between COVID-19-related family disruption and children’s prosocial behavior, as indexed by parental ratings. For all six sites, family disruption indirectly predicted reduced prosocial behavior. Negative feelings about COVID19 regulations mediated this association in all sites except China. Contrariwise, understanding of COVID-19 regulations was not implicated in the link between family disruption and reduced prosocial behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study focuses on a sample of low- to middle-income school-age Latina girls and their parents and examines how children’s distress proneness interacts with parental empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to predict children’s empathy and prosocial behavior toward unknown others. Approximately 2–3 months into state-mandated stay-at-home orders, 55 parent–daughter dyads were recruited to participate in this four-session longitudinal study. To assess distress proneness, daughters (ages 8–13 years, 100% Latina) identified their degree of distress in response to pandemic-related stressors. Concurrently, their parents reported how they thought their children would respond to these same pandemic-related stressors, which assessed parental empathic accuracy. Parents also completed an adapted version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, which assessed perceived positive outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon study completion, a behavioral measure of children’s empathic and prosocial behaviors was collected. Parental empathic accuracy interacted with children’s distress proneness to positively predict children’s affective empathy, such that children’s distress proneness predicted affective empathy at high and mean, but not low, levels of parental empathic accuracy. In a separate analysis, parental posttraumatic growth interacted with children’s distress proneness to positively predict children’s altruistic sharing behavior, such that children’s distress proneness predicted altruistic sharing behavior only at high, but not mean or low, levels of parental posttraumatic growth. The results of this study highlight how positive parental socialization and understanding of children’s tendencies toward distress are associated with children’s empathic and prosocial behaviors, particularly during major global crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developmental research in the past decade has painted the picture of a gregarious child ready to engage in a range of prosocial behavior, but less is known about the situational factors that moderate this behavior. The present study investigated the effects of cost and familiarity on children's readiness to help the victim of a moral transgression. Opportunity cost was operationalized as the time and effort expended on providing help, that could otherwise be used to earn a reward from a productive task. Familiarity varied as a function of whether there was prior contact between the child and victim. Five- and six-year-olds in Singapore (N = 120) witnessed an adult transgressor destroy the victim's tower of blocks, responded to the victim's pleas for help in rebuilding her tower, and shared resources with both actresses. Contrary to our initial predictions, children helped a familiar victim less when cost was high as opposed to low, but helped an unfamiliar victim equally regardless of cost. Additionally, helping rates were low (30–60%) except in the least prohibitive condition (> 80%; Low-Cost, Familiar Victim), stemming from a combination of not having a productive task to occupy one's time and energy, and simultaneously a familiar target which increased one's intrinsic motivation to help. The conditional limits imposed on children's decision to help thus appear to be, "I'll help, if I know you and have nothing better to do!" In terms of resource sharing, children behaved selfishly toward both the victim and transgressor regardless of their familiarity with the victim. Altogether, our findings suggest that children consider self-interest when deciding whether to help and share with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the efficacy of an Italian school-based intervention programme adapted in three Colombian sites (Medellín, Manizales, and Santa Marta) in promoting prosocial behaviour among adolescents. Using a pre-test-post-test design with a multi-informant approach, the present study assessed 451 students (Mage = 12.77, SD = 1.06) of the intervention group and 428 students (Mage = 12.64, SD = 1.01) by using self-report and peer rating measures of prosocial behaviour. After establishing the measurement invariance across time and informants, a latent difference score model showed the positive effect of the intervention programme in improving prosocial behaviour evaluated by peers (Cohen's d =.379) among Colombian adolescents, across all three sites. Implications of the study will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the relationship between religiosity, moral reasoning, and internalization of pure values as the mediator of prosocial behaviour among students in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The Secondary Islamic Education Internalization Scale (SPPIP-M), Behaviour Reasoning Scheme Indicator (UPSTA), and Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM) scale were used to measure the religiosity, moral reasoning, and internalization of pure values prosocial behaviour of students. The result showed a link between religiosity, moral reasoning, and internalization of pure values with prosocial behaviour of secondary school students in Banda Aceh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior work suggests that parenting daughters makes the preferences of men more in line with those of women. We use behavior in a dictator game as a measure of pure social preferences to test whether parenting daughters increases prosociality, specifically charitable giving. Data are sourced from the German Socio-Economic Panel, where 1,461 participants decided how to split a 50€ endowment between themselves and (separately) a needing domestic or foreign recipient. Our results suggest that parenting daughters does not make men (nor women) more prosocial. The findings remain null across different operationalizations and analytical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most conceptions of giftedness overly focus on the gifted "individual" and leave out the social and global context in which the individual grows. However, human lives are intricately interconnected. An individual's actions can have large effects on other individuals, societies, and nature. In this article, I argue a paradigm shift is needed in the way giftedness is construed today. I draw on the three C's conception of giftedness in which gifted behaviors are seen as an interplay of competence in action, commitment to task, and concern for others. I discuss seven profiles of gifted behaviors: Profile 1—competent (high competence); Profile 2—committed (high commitment); Profile 3—concerned (high concern); Profile 4—indifferent expert (high competence and commitment); Profile 5—amateur altruist (high commitment and concern); Profile 6—uncommitted thinker (high competence and concern); and Profile 7—fully developing talent (high competence, commitment, and concern). Further, I discuss how this taxonomy can inform education and identification practices in gifted education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to design and develop a working prototype of an online platform for blended learning. This platform focuses on enhancing students' online participation through prosocial behavior elements, specifically 'helping'. This study follows the design and developmental research structure, with an innovative take on the design approach. This study utilizes the concept of Helpers found in an organic online community of practice to enhance participation between students in the blended learning environment. Results showed that the combination of social elements embedded in the platform's design and the concept of Helpers helps increase participation among students in a blended learning environment. Furthermore, an interesting observation when the non-Helpers began to take up the role and help others signaled that the concept is fluid rather than strict. This observation potentially opens more opportunities for further discussions and exploration of Helpers' role in a formal online learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Psicología (1669-2438) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the role of the home environment in the development of prosocial behaviour in childhood is well-established, the existing research has focused on the emotional microclimate of the home. We do not know whether the physical home environment has a role to play too. The present study aims to fill this gap. It uses data from a large, nationally representative birth cohort survey in the UK, tracking the trajectories of prosocial behaviour in children across ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years as a function of three constructs derived from the Home Observation Measurement of the Environment Short Form (HOME-SF), assessed at age 3 years: physical organisation of the home, mother's emotional and verbal responsivity, and mother's use of harsh discipline. Prosocial behaviour was assessed via a parent-reported subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The findings, which were robust to adjustment for sex, ethnicity, cognitive ability, special educational needs, neighbourhood environment, family income, family structure, maternal mental health, maternal education and religiosity, showed that all three aspects of the home environment were associated with prosocial behaviour. However, when controlling for all three simultaneously, physical organisation ceased to be a significant predictor of prosocial behaviour although the two measures of the home's emotional environment retained their significance. This indicates that, compared to the physical, the emotional climate of the home has a more substantial impact on children's prosocial behaviour. It also suggests that the physical and the emotional context of the home are strongly interrelated, with aspects of emotional harshness possibly mediating the effects of the home's physical disorganisation. • We examined the influence of the physical and emotional climate at home on children's prosocial behaviour. • Data included an assessment of the home environment at age 3 years, and prosocial behaviour at 3, 5, 7, and 11 years. • The home's environment was found to be associated with the trajectories of prosocial behaviour. • The emotional environment had a stronger association with prosociality trajectories than physical organisation. • Emotional harshness may mediate the effects of physical disorganisation on children's prosocial behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on how to increase humanness attribution to others is limited. We hypothesize that nature contact could be one trigger. This hypothesis was confirmed across six studies (N = 1622). Specifically, Study 1 demonstrated that people who could access nature elements in their immediate living environment showed higher levels of humanness perception than those who couldn't. Furthermore, inducing nature contact, including making participants stay in a room with plants (Study 2), situate in a park (Study 3), and imagine contacting nature (Studies 4–6), increased humanness attribution to others. The effect of nature contact on the perception of humanness could be observed not only in interpersonal contexts (Studies 1–3 and 5) but also in intergroup contexts (Studies 4 and 6). Moreover, the effect was mediated by self-transcendence (Studies 5 and 6). Finally, increased humanness attribution due to nature contact further promoted prosociality (Study 6). The theoretical and practical implications were discussed. • Nature contact positively predicts humanness attributions toward others. • Nature contact promotes humanness attributions by increasing self-transcendence. • The effects are evident in both interpersonal and intergroup contexts. • The increase in self-transcendence and humanness attributions due to nature contact can further enhance prosociality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting prosocial behavior toward future generations is crucial to combat societal challenges such as climate change and the depletion of natural resources. Here, we invoke a social dilemma lens to predict and promote future-oriented prosociality in four preregistered online experiments (total N = 2407). Integrating research on temporal preferences with research on social preferences, we show that (i) individuals are willing to make self-costly contributions to future beneficiaries without personal return on investment; (ii) universally prosocial preferences predict such future-oriented prosociality most strongly, and (iii) individuals with weakly or strongly parochial preferences can also be motivated toward future-oriented prosociality if the future beneficiary of their contributions is aligned with their social preferences, i.e., when the future beneficiary is part of an in-group. This is true for both minimal groups (Studies 2–3) and real-world groups (Study 4). Our findings suggest that policies aimed at promoting people's future-oriented prosociality could be made more effective by tailoring to the beneficiary of their prosociality in the future. • Individuals can be motivated to make self-costly contributions to benefit future generations. • Present universally cooperative social preferences predict future-oriented prosociality particularly well. • Contributions to benefit future generations increase when they are congruent with present group-based social preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AI has become a critical technology driving societal advancement and impacting various sectors, including hospitality. Technology has social attributes, and employees play a major role in its application. Exploring the impact of AI usage on employee behaviors is essential. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory and the approach/avoidance systems theory, this study constructs a dual-path model to explore the effect of AI usage on employee behaviors. Data from 280 hotel employees in China were collected at three time points. Results show that AI usage enhance technological self-efficacy of employees, thereby promoting prosocial service behavior. Conversely, it could also induce workplace anxiety of employees, consequently leading to work withdrawal behavior. An approach orientation amplified the impact of AI usage on technological self-efficacy, while an avoidance orientation heightened the impact of AI usage on workplace anxiety. The study discussed the theoretical and practical implications and offers suggestions for future research. • AI usage represents a double-edged sword in influencing employee work behavior. • AI usage foster technological self-efficacy, subsequently promoting prosocial service behavior. • AI usage induce workplace anxiety, consequently leading to withdrawal behavior. • An approach orientation accentuated the impact of AI usage on technological self-efficacy. • An avoidance orientation acted as a buffer against the impact of AI usage on workplace anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dining at restaurants on holidays involves a mostly different experience than dining on any other normal day, as it provides the opportunity for diners to get together with family and friends. Consequently, in this study, we investigate whether the prosocial behavior of restaurant diners deviates from the norm on holidays. Using a large dataset of credit card transactions at full-service restaurants, we confirm that this is indeed the case, albeit in a strikingly dichotomous fashion; religious and other family-oriented holidays are generally associated with significantly higher tipping rates than normal, whereas most other holidays are associated with significantly lower tipping rates than normal. Our findings suggest that family gatherings often meant to reinforce a sense of belonging and togetherness seem to strengthen prosociality, whereas social gatherings in restaurants on other festive occasions seem less likely to promote prosocial behavior. • Examines the impacts of holidays in tipping rates in • Uses a large dataset of credit card transactions for guest checks at brand-name full-service restaurants. • Religious and other family-oriented holidays lead to significantly higher tipping rates. • Family gatherings often meant to reinforce a sense of belonging and togetherness seem to strengthen prosociality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]