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Students in recent years spend a considerable amount of time on social networking websites. They have made online access and navigation through these sites part of their daily activities. The impact of social network sites in particular has become a major subject of discussion among various studies, because some of them see these pages as a threat or obstacle, while the rest argue that them affects positively the age of adolescence. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory survey was conducted to identify the impact of this involvement on adolescents’ behaviour that affect their psychological development. The research sample consisted of 893 students, between the ages 10-15 years old, users of the social network sites. This champion has been taken from middle school institutions from different cities of Albania. The study confirmed that students are using social network sites for a long period of time during the day. They have become addicted to these online networks and they already display some behavior patterns. As a conclusion, the study found that the inclusion in social network sites, if students spend a considerable amount of time on them, has a negative impact in their psychological problems. Parents, teachers and students need to communicate with each other in order to identify and avoid the risks of social network sites and also other studies should be done in this field and suggest different strategies to manage the psychological problems caused by the use of social networking sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with psychological problems are susceptible to oral disease for a number of reasons like demotivation, poor oral hygiene, fear, specific dental phobia, dental costs, difficulty in accessing healthcare facilities, and the side effects of psychiatric drugs. Dental practitioners must be aware of the existing oral health problems in these patients as it will help in prompt diagnosis and successful treatment. Hence, the aim of this this study was to assess the Knowledge, awareness and attitude of dental students towards management of dental patients with psychological problems. Materials and Methods: A validated close-ended, self-administered questionnaire of 19 questions regarding the knowledge, awareness and attitude towards management of dental patients with psychological problems was distributed among 120 students randomly belonging to final year, and internship (5th year trainee) of undergraduate dental program in Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai. The data extracted were tabulated, statistically analyzed and results obtained. Results were calculated on the basis of frequency and percentages using SPSS. Results: 78% of final year students were not aware that psychological stress could alter patient's immune function. Only 27% of the internship students were aware that medication given for psychologically affected patient can interact with certain dental treatment, while final year students were not at all aware about them. Very few students knew that burning mouth syndrome, taste alteration and xerostomia are part of the manifestation seen in psychologically affected patient. 100% of the students were aware that aphthous ulcer is one of the signs of psychological stress. All of the students replied that there should be more emphasis and training on identifying and managing patient with psychological problem during dental curriculum and CDE programme to be conducted. Clinical Significance: It can be concluded from this study that the Knowledge, Awareness levels of Dental Students regarding Management of Dental Patients with Psychological Problems was inadequate. However, the dental students showed positive attitude towards learning about management of patients with psychological problems. Hence training in psychological counselling should be a part of the dental undergraduate curriculum for the students to understand more on psychosomatic disorder which enables them make an early diagnose of such condition and able to help the patients out. Furthermore, the introduction of psychology as a separate subject with emphasis on oral psychosomatic disorders is recommended which could separately be termed as "somatopsychology.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: In response to the COVID-19 disaster, people have developed several psychological problems mainly stress, anxiety, and depression. These psychological problems have been seen in either normal people during the lockdown (who are waiting to get infected with COVID-19) and patients with COVID-19 (who are waiting for death). These psychological problems adversely affect immune functions causing more increase in the severity of COVID-19 associated disorders and death rates. Increasing the aerobic capacity is one of the effective methods that could be used to decrease stress, anxiety, and depression. Besides, increasing the aerobic capacity increases immune functions through autonomic regulation. Thus, this review was developed to summarize the effect of increasing the aerobic capacity on psycho-immune hormones commonly disturbed in people during the lockdown or patients with COVID-19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review was carried out by searching through Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline databases. The search was conducted over clinical trials, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. The search included the possible effects of increasing the aerobic capacity on the functions of psycho-immune hormones. RESULTS: This review found that increasing the aerobic capacity can decrease psychological problems commonly seen in people with COVID-19 and increase immune functions by modulating the levels of glucocorticoid, oxytocin, insulin, thyroid hormones. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrated that increasing the aerobic capacity is a recommended treatment for decreasing the psychological problems commonly seen in people with COVID-19 because it has the potential for decreasing psychological problems and improving immune functions which would help counter COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Most COVID-19 positive inpatients had sleep, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. • Both physical and psychological symptoms significantly improved after clinical and psychosocial intervention. • Female, severe pneumonia, worse social support and more relatives infected were associated with the symptomatology. • Effective social support, improvement from COVID-19 and higher educational level predicted the psychological improvement. To explore the relationship between psychosocial support related factors and the mental health of COVID-19 positive patients. This exploratory study of 35 COVID-19 positive patients were enrolled between February 1 to March 1, 2020. Sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and social support were measured and social support related data of participants were collected. Psychological intervention was administered and patients were followed two weeks post intervention. Linear regression was performed to explore the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and improvement of psychological symptoms. Thirty-two individuals exhibited sleep, depressive and anxiety symptoms which improved post support intervention. At baseline, symptoms were associated with gender, severity of pneumonia, social support. Better social support at follow-up and improvement from COVID-19 predicted improvement in their psychological symptoms. This initial evidence from China may stress the importance of administering psychosocial intervention during the treatment of COVID-19 for better patient outcomes in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of humanistic care on COVID-19 mild patients in square shelter hospital, providing a reference for the prevention and control of public health emergencies in future. Method: A total of 295 patients with mild COVID-19 infection admitted to a square shelter hospital in Wuhan from February 5 to February 15, 2020 were selected. The psychological state of the patients was assessed by Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) at the hospital admission time and discharge time. Humanistic care measures such as heartwarming medical services, life care, psychological counseling, and various relaxation and recreation activities were implemented. The patients were evaluated the levels of satisfaction with the measures at the discharge time. Result: Most of the patients had psychological problems at the beginning of hospitalization, with 95.25% (92.19-97.15%), 55.93% (50.22-61.48%), and 54.92% (49.22-60.50%) suffering panic, anxiety, and insomnia, respectively. Re-evaluation at the discharge time showed that the proportion of the patients who suffered panic reduced to 12.07% (8.65-16.05%), and the proportions with anxiety and insomnia reduced to 9.31% (6.36-12.99%) and 6.90% (4.43-10.24%), respectively. More than 95% of the patients were satisfied with the services provided by physicians and nurses and the psychological counseling services. Conclusion: The humanistic care provided by square shelter hospitals is a key measurement to fight against COVID-19 pandemic. It is worth promoting and applying to other healthcare facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Quality of Life (QoL) indicates individual's perception of the physical, psychological and social aspects of health. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that examined the association of QoL with composite measure of common psychological problems i.e. anxiety, depression and psychological distress in manufacturing employees. This study aimed to investigate the association of QoL with common psychological problems profile in manufacturing employees. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 3063 employees of "E" Steel Company (ESCO). Psychological distress, anxiety and depression were assessed by self-administered 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Euro-QoL five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used to assess the QoL. Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent class regression (LCR) were used for analyzing data. Results: LCA identified two classes of participants: low QoL (20%) and high QoL (80%). LCR, after adjusting for the effects of confounding variables including demographic, life style and job-related variables, showed that the higher scores of psychological problems profile was significantly associated with increased odds of being in poor QoL class; (OR: 6.03, 95% CI: 3.76,9.69). Conclusion: In conclusion, higher scores of psychological problems profile are positively associated with poor QoL. QoL can be improved among manufacturing employees through conducting screening programs for identifying affective individuals and implementing health promoting interventions aiming to reduce psychological problems impacts and finally productivity of working force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, psychological problems, suicidal behaviour and their associations in substance users in treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study, with 307 substance users in an out-patient treatment facility, was undertaken. Socio-demographic data, psychoactive substances used, depressive symptoms, and suicide information were obtained. Results 70% of participants were depressed; of those, 8.1% were either under the influence of drugs or in withdrawal. Suicidal ideation was found to be present in those who had anxiety, were nervous, had depressive symptoms, or were under drug influence or in withdrawal. Conclusion It is important to identify potential suicidal risk factors and implement the management of these conditions in substance users. Highlights • The coexistence of substance-related disorders and major depressive disorder is common. • Comorbidity may increase the risk for suicide. • Addictive behaviour, depressive symptoms and suicide are largely preventable. • Effective treatment for these problems requires early identifies of both symptoms in the specialized treatment and care from a team of professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the key issues and needs of families of participants in anti-terrorist operation (ATO). The article defines and characterizes several types of families of ATO participants, who took part in an interview. Based on in-depth interviews and further analysis, the authors identified four categories of problems of these families, e.g., psychological, financial, legal, and problems with raising children. It was determined that violations of the life of the families whose members were ATO participants were caused not only by family-specific problems but also by several other factors. Based on the identified specific problems, the authors identified the main needs of the families of the members of antiterrorist operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose To analyze the longitudinal relationships of demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, and sexual orientation), personality traits according to the Big Five model, and several indicators of psychological adjustment (i.e., depression symptoms, self-esteem, and problematic Internet use) with sexting behavior among adolescents over 1 year. Method A total of 1,208 adolescents (638 girls; mean age = 13.57, SD = 1.09) completed measures at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. The relationships among variables were examined using structural equation modeling. Results Out of the sample, 10.7% and 19.2% of adolescents reported producing and sending sexual content at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2), respectively. Higher ages at T1 predicted more engagement in sexting at T2. Less conscientiousness and more extraversion at T1 increased T2 sexting. Finally, more depressive symptoms at T1 predicted more sexting at T2. Conclusions Sexting increases significantly over the course of adolescence. Educational efforts should pay attention to demographic and psychological characteristics of adolescents to tailor preventive programs and prevent possible negative outcomes of engaging in sexting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible intention to encourage high-quality training of the adult population is evident in many EU countries. The Education Development Strategy of Latvia also anticipates an increase in the proportion of adult students. Distance learning is one of the most convenient forms of education for adult students who have priorities different from learning, such as work and family. However, this form of education has its own problems connected with the peculiarities of distance education as well as with the peculiarities of adult audience. The article is devoted to the research, which purpose is to identify and explore the range of problems commonly encountered by mature students studying remotely, using the experience of Transport and Telecommunication Institute. This article emphasizes the factors causing the feeling of anxiety, concerns regarding the education process and learning results in adult learners, and can deter adults from participation in distance education such as: loss of learning skills, lack of experience in distance education, financial costs of education, lack of support by the family or by the employer, sense of hopelessness and irrelevance of their education, etc. The authors suggest some methods to cope with this anxiety and to optimize the learning process. The findings of this article should be useful for academic and administrative staff of the university providing distance education for adult students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Instruction is the property of International Journal of Instruction and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Social Sciences is the property of Kuwait University, Academic Publication Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anita Desai as well as Manju Kapur seems to have been on the quest for order and meaning in life in their Indian English fiction writing. Their protagonists undergo a struggle to find their real self; because of the cramping pressures of anxieties, they seem to have lost it. They experience a disparity between the higher needs of the individual's inner nature and the unalterable cosmic conditions of existence. Those who are able to comprehend and surmount their personal problems seem to gain a healthy vision of life after some struggles. Desai remains primarily a novelist of moods, of persistent states of mind, of the psyche. Most of her novels are extended narratives of states of being which do not cohere into a plot or structure in the conventional sense, Desai sees the world in terms of experience as it emerges from the encounter of the self with the world outside. This intensity and density of texture compensates for the absence of a strong plot or story lime in her fiction. Kapur has closely observed and portrayed the small human details of real relationships. The bewildering levels of communication and misunderstanding between the characters are depicted almost fondly, yet contrast strongly with the exhilarating freedom of being in a relationship where there is true intimacy. This paper attempts to show how they achieve the results they seek to gain, in order to expose not only the extremity of the suffering endured by women, but also the deep psychological problems that beset many human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is evidence that children in residential care institutions (RCI) have higher rates of psychological problems, suicide and criminal behaviour. There is only one study in Sri Lanka which has examined the psychological well-being of children in RCIs. Further evidence is needed to formulate policies related to the mental health of institutionalized children in the local context. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in a selected RCI, in Colombo, Sri Lanka. All children (> 4 years) and adolescents who have been in the institution for more than 3 months were included. The caregiver rated version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess the extent of emotional and behavioural problems. The sample included 103 children and adolescents, between 5-17years. Majority (51.5%) were females. Mean age at entering care was 6.48 years. The mean score for externalizing problems was 6.72 (SD=3.702) and the mean score for internalizing problems was 4.12 (SD=2.312). Peer problems (23.4 %) and conduct problems (21.5 %) were the commonest problems encountered. Only 40 % of the children having clinically significant levels of problems were in contact with mental health services. A quarter of the participants had elevated levels of emotional and behavioural problems. Routine screening programmes should be carried out at regular intervals in the RCI's for early detection of children with psychological problems in institutionalized children. • Peer problems and conduct problems were the commonest psychological problems encountered. • Children who were transferred from other centers had higher externalizing problems and total difficulties. • Hyperactivity, conduct problems and emotional problems were higher in those living at the current institution for <5 years. • 40 % of the children having clinically significant levels of difficulties were in contact with mental health services. • 25 % with conduct problems and 27.7 % with hyperactivity were in contact with mental health services. • None of the children having clinically significant levels of emotional problems were in contact with mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: To establish what is known regarding the psychological and social problems faced by adult cancer survivors (people who are living with and beyond a diagnosis of cancer) and identify areas future research should address. Method: A rapid search of published literature reviews held in electronic data bases was under taken. Inclusion and exclusion criteria, and removal of duplicated papers, reduced the initial number of papers from 4051 to 38. Twenty-two review papers were excluded on grounds of quality and 16 review papers were selected for appraisal. Results: The psychological and social problems for cancer survivors are identified as depression, anxiety, distress, fear of recurrence, social support/function, relationships and impact on family, and quality of life. A substantial minority of people surviving cancer experience depression, anxiety, and distress or fear associated with recurrence or follow up. There is some indication that social support is positively associated with better outcomes. Quality of life for survivors of cancer appears generally good for most people, but an important minority experience a reduction in quality of life, especially those with more advanced disease and reduced social and economic resources. The majority of research knowledge is based on women with breast cancer. The longer term implications of cancer survival have not been adequately explored. Conclusions: Focussing well designed research in the identified areas where less is already known about the psychological and social impact of cancer survival is likely to have the greatest impact on the wellbeing of people surviving cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Education is the property of Hacettepe University Journal of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Psychological help-seeking means to benefit different sources of support system for the difficulties people have. It is important to find out help-seeking attitudes and factors which affect these attitudes, earlier to protect, and to advance mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate nursing students'' attitudes towards seeking psychological help and factors which affect their attitudes. The study sample included 248 nursing students exposed to problem based learning at Dokuz Eylül University School of Nursing in the academic year of 2006–2007. Data were collected with Help-Seeking Scale. Obtained data were evaluated with variance analysis, t-test and Mann–Whitney U test. The third and fourth year students had more favorable mean scores for interpersonal openness, being forced and confidence in counselor than the first and second year students. In view of the obtained results, it can be recommended that first and second year students should be followed more carefully in terms of psychological problems and that a longitudinal study should be conducted on students'' attitudes towards seeking psychological help throughout their study period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Kadın/Woman 2000 is the property of Kadin/Woman 2000 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To examine the association of parent behavior with infant distress during a potentially painful medical procedure. A second aim was to investigate the association of parent chronic pain and psychological problems with parent behavior and infant distress during the procedure. Design: Population-based cohort study with both cross-sectional and prospective measurements. Main Outcome Measures: Video recordings of 275 parents and their 14-month-old infant undergoing venipuncture were coded with an observational instrument to yield measures of infant distress behaviors and parent behaviors, such as reassuring, showing empathy, praising, and distracting. Parent chronic pain and psychological problems were assessed through questionnaires. Results: Infants cried 58% of procedure duration. Parent reassuring occurred 34% of procedure duration, and parent distracting occurred 37% of procedure duration. Infant distress was positively related to parent reassuring and negatively related to parent praising. Parent chronic pain was related to increased parent distracting but not to parent reassuring. Parent psychological problems were not associated with parent behavior and infant distress. Conclusion: Parent behavior rather than psychological traits is related to increased venipuncture distress in young infants. This finding suggests that the focus should be on interventions based on behavior modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical function is not only influenced by the quality and quantity of movement, but also by equipment, tools, and psychological aspects. To prevent upper limb sports injuries, the first thing is to stop injuries from occurring in the first place, the next thing is to avoid making it worse, and finally to prevent their recurrence. Therefore, it is important to solve environment, physical, and psychological problems that are related to functional disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore psychosocial problems experienced by families of early adolescents with leukemia. This phenomenology research was done during December 2019–August 2020 and involved eighteen families (47 family members) of early adolescents (10–14 years old) with leukemia. Participants were recruited by using purposive sampling and snowball techniques. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations until data saturation. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Member checking and triangulation methods were confirmed for trustworthiness. The families' perception on psychosocial problem experiences included three themes and nine sub-themes. The first theme was dealing with adolescent' emotional changes with sub-themes, namely, emotional responses to the illness, compensation for the suffering, and self-showing. The second theme was parents' social isolation with sub-themes, namely, cancer-stigma, burden of care, and jealousy to non-cancer families. The last theme was emotional distress struggles with sub-themes, namely, feeling worried, guilty, and depressed. Leukemia diagnosis in early adolescents causes psychosocial problems affecting the family lives. Health care providers need to concern and support the families and the adolescents so that they can pass through the difficulties with positive adjustments. • Leukemia diagnosis and treatment caused emotional changes in adolescents with leukemia which caused psychosocial problems in the families. • The effort to protect the adolescents from being harmed by peers and feeling jealousy to non-cancer families caused social limitation of the parents. • The hardship in taking care of adolescents with leukemia may cause the parent experience severe depression and thinking of ending their own life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Couple and individual psychological factors are very widespread in those who present with sexual dysfunctions. The types of relationship and individual problems encountered are listed, along with ways of overcoming them in therapy. Specific techniques used in the behavioural systems approach are presented for managing difficulties of sexual motivation or desire, and principles and practice for treating sexual dysfunctions in psychosexual therapy are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We assessed community violence, school engagement, negative peer influences, mental health problems, and human immunodeficiency virus risk among 563 black adolescents. Boys reported higher rates of community violence exposures and gang involvement, while girls reported higher mental health distress. In the presence of multiple risk factors, negative peer norms were the strongest correlate of human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]