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Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies / Sarkiyat Mecmuasi is the property of Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines Persian address terms within the theory of politeness in the three distinct historical periods of Qajar (1791-1925), Pahlavi (1926-1979) and after the Islamic Revolution (1979 -up to now). Data was collected from 24 novels to best reflect various interpersonal relationships. Data analysis shows that Persian address terms are clearly divided into positive and negative types. All types of positive address terms have shown to increase in number. Negative address terms of 'honorifics', 'educational' & 'cultural' and 'teknonyms' decreased while 'occupational' and 'zero address terms' have increased in frequency which reveals a gradual and regular movement from formality to solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the history of each society is a futurity of ups and downs got over by its nation. The basis of their future will be made by the past, particularly if their precedent returns to the ancient times. History teaches men that an individual and society are not in isolation or vacuum. Individual's life is completely dependent on not only all the life of the people in the present society, but the past too. Individual's dependence on the present world, on one hand, and the past, on the other hand, represents the importance of the chronology. The article tries to study scientifically a main and decisive part of the history of Iran, namely the Qajar dynasty when it is a cause deep and expanded changes since then. The main object of this study regarding the expanded and complicated changes in this time, is to consider the role and the effect of relations between Iran and Russia in the form of the Golestan and Turkmanchy treaties in the early of the Qajar. The most important outcomes resulted from these two treaties are the separation of some parts from Iran, people's dissatisfaction and determining the Araxes river as the major border between Iran and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]