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• Prior anti-platelet therapy increases recanalization rates in stroke patients. • Mortality rates may be increased in prior anti-platelet users. • Functional independence is more common in non-users as compared to users. • None of the outcomes were different between the prior antiplatelet users and non-users on analysis of adjusted data. It is unclear how prior antiplatelet (APT) therapy affects outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular treatment. This review pooled data from the literature to compare outcomes of AIS between prior APT users vs non-users. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus for studies were searched for studies comparing outcomes of AIS between APT users vs non-users up to 30th May 2023. Ten studies were included comparing 2648 APT users with 5076 non-users. Meta-analysis failed to demonstrate any statistically significant difference in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) but there was a tendency of higher mortality rates in prior APT users vs non-users. Although patients with prior APT therapy had significantly higher rates of successful recanalization as compared to patients with no prior APT treatment, meta-analysis showed significantly lower odds of functional independence amongst APT users vs non-users (OR: 0.77 95% CI: 0.68, 0.87 I2 = 22%). However, pooled analysis of adjusted data with fewer studies showed that there was no difference in sICH (OR: 1.04 95% CI: 0.78, 1.39 I2 = 0%), mortality (OR: 0.89 95% CI: 0.47, 1.68 I2 = 68%), successful recanalization (OR: 1.34 95% CI: 0.96, 1.88 I2 = 54%), and functional independence (OR: 0.96 95% CI: 0.81, 1.14 I2 = 0%) between APT users and non-users. Analysis of crude data indicates that prior APT therapy may improve successful recanalization without increasing sICH rates in AIS patients treated with endovascular therapy. However, there was an adverse effect of APT therapy on 3-month functional and survival outcomes. After adjustment of confounders, there was no difference in the odds of sICH, mortality, successful recanalization, and functional independence between APT users vs non-users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban lifelines are the backbone of fundamental services that require stability to enable all other aspects of society to function during natural hazards. However, few studies have focused on measuring lifeline performance and resilience to hazards, especially from the public perspective. In this study, taking flood as the research object, we developed an enhanced urban lifelines classification scheme that integrates the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)'s lifeline framework with the co-occurrence relationships of keywords derived from 430 million Weibo posts. Leveraging this framework, we formulated two key indicators: Public Concern Ratio and Public Emotion Ratio, to evaluate the resilience of urban lifelines during the 2017 and 2020 flood in China. The results demonstrate the robust resilience of urban lifelines against flooding, with notable improvements over time. The study also identifies certain vulnerable lifelines, notably in the ability of early warning and control of rumor spreading, which often lead to an increase in social media posts expressing negative emotions during flooding. These areas are pinpointed for necessary enhancements. Employing a data-driven methodology, the study provides a novel and insightful approach to assessing urban lifeline resilience against flooding. • An enhanced automatic urban lifelines classification scheme is proposed. • An optimal posts classification model specifically for urban lifelines is introduced. • Urban lifelines in China demonstrate robust resilience during flooding. • The ability of early warning and control of rumor spreading necessitate further improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quantifying dynamic urban human activities from locating-requests over 24 hours. • Assessing the dynamic urban structural characteristics at the national scale. • The urban scalar law is used to assess structural efficiency. • Unstable urban structure is not conducive to sustainable urban development. Conventionally urban structures are mainly inferred from the spatial arranges of related urban elements such as land use and population density. China's unprecedented urbanization process has significantly changed urban spatial structure and it is not clear how urban structure impacts the sustainability and livability of cities across a large geographic space. Furthermore, urban structure always shows dynamical variations during the day and over the night, which are a challenge to be captured by the conventional research methods and data. In this paper, we evaluated and compared the characteristics of the urban structure of the 287 cities in China by examining the dynamic changes of urban human activities distribution inferred from location requests collected by Tencent's platform. We developed two new indexes, the Dispersion Variation Index (DVI) and Spatial Dispersion Variation Index (SDVI), using the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and adjusted Ripley's K function to describe the overall agglomeration intensity and the temporal variability of human activities. We also applied the urban scaling law to create two further indexes, the Scale-Adjusted Metropolitan Indicator DVI (SAMI_DVI) and the Scale-Adjusted Metropolitan Indicator SDVI (SAMI_SDVI), which enable us to evaluate the efficiency of urban structures. Our results show that the daily fluctuations of the urban structure are related to urban population, and also impacted by urban planning, topography, and other factors. The 1st-tier cities have the highest DVI (median: 0.020) and SDVI (0.052) values, which suggest the most volatile urban structure during the day. The 2nd-tier cities have the lowest urban structure efficiency, as suggested by higher SAMI_DVI (0.17) and SAMI_SDVI (0.28) values. Also, 69.2% and 76.9% of the 2nd-tier cities have DVI and SDVI values over the predicted values based on their population sizes. We also demonstrate that cities with high unstable structural characteristics tend to exhibit lower commuting efficiency and higher carbon emission intensity. Our framework outperforms previous metrics, is highly scalable, and can be implemented at little cost, allowing studies to be conducted even in small and medium-sized cities with little traditional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although freshwater lakes are considered to be an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the potential driving mechanisms of such emissions are not well understood, especially in steppe lakes. In this study, the GHG emission characteristics in Hulun Lake Basin, including Hulun Lake, Beier Lake, Wulannuoer Lake, and their surrounding watersheds were investigated. The average methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission fluxes released from rivers were 67.84 ± 20.53 and 0.11 ± 0.04 μg m−2·min−1, which were larger than those of lakes, with values of 28.60 ± 13.02 and 0.06 ± 0.02 μg m−2·min−1, respectively. Conversely, the average carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission flux from lakes (1816.58 ± 498.98 μg m−2·min−1) was higher than that of rivers of (1795.41 ± 670.49 μg m−2·min−1). The water in Hulun Lake Basin was rich in organic matter and had a high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Three-dimensional fluorescence combined with a parallel factor analysis (3D-EEM-PARAFAC) demonstrated that the organic matter was composed of four humus types (from Component 1 (C1) to Component 4 (C4)), of which, C1 and C4 were terrestrial humus. The fluorescence index (FI) and humification index (HIX) indicated that the organic matter in the water was mainly imported from exogenous humus. The GHG emission fluxes were negatively correlated with these four components, indicating that GHG emissions were mainly affected by the organic matter source and components, and humus was the most important factor that inhibited GHG emissions in steppe lakes. However, the GHG emission flux was relatively high in some areas of the lake, especially in areas with high nutrient levels or where algal blooms occurred, as evidenced by the significantly positive correlations with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) (p < 0.01). The algae-derived organic matter simulated the decomposition of refractory humus, thus, promoting GHG emissions. These findings are crucial for accurately evaluating the GHG emission fluxes, understanding the carbon cycle, and proposing future management strategies for steppe lakes. [Display omitted] • The GHG emissions fluxes were relatively low in Hunlun Lake basin. • The average CH 4 and N 2 O emission flux released from rivers was larger than lakes. • The water was rich in organic matter with high COD concentration. • The organic matter in the water was mainly composed of terrestrial humus. • Humus was the most important factor that inhibited GHG emissions in steppe lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Understanding regional variations of rainstorm perception can aid resilience plan. • Dwellers living in the northern cities in China are more sensitive to rainstorms. • Public perception is most significantly impacted by rainstorm over the summer. • Annual rainfall and terrain relief significantly impact rainstorm sensitivity by city. • The public-perceived rainstorm threshold can improve the current rainstorm criteria. Extreme weather events become more frequent in the context of global climate change. Understanding how the public sense and perceive extreme weather events such as rainstorms is crucial for rainstorm-induced hazard mitigation. However, it is not clear how public's rainstorm perception and sensitivity vary across a large geographic scale. In this study, we examined over 210 million microblogs and studied rainstorm perception and perception sensitivity across China in 2017. Our results show that, on average, when the rainstorm-derived rainfall increase 1 mm, city dwellers would post 0.178 more rainstorm-related microblogs. There are also significant variations in rainstorm perception sensitivity across our study area. Dwellers living in the cities in the southeastern coast are not as sensitive to rainstorms as those in the north. Such spatial variations could be explained by annual rainfall and terrain relief variables. Dwellers who live in cities with annual rainfall less than 839 mm and terrain relief greater than 264 m show more attention to rainstorms by posting more microblogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]