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Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Urban History Review / Revue d'Histoire Urbaine is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Governance Review / Revue Gouvernance is the property of University of Ottawa, Center on Governance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les dispositifs médicaux forment un groupe très hétérogène, allant du scalpel à l'appareil d'imagerie par résonance magnétique, en passant par le pansement, du plus simple au plus technologique. Avec les médicaments et les cosmétiques, ce sont les principaux produits de santé utilisés dans le monde. Les services qu'ils rendent ont conduit les pouvoirs publics à les rembourser. Medical devices form a very heterogeneous group of objects. In this group we can find items ranging from the scalpel, through the bandage – from the simplest to the most technological – to the scanner or MRI. Together with medicinal products and cosmetic products, they are one of the most important health products used worldwide. In addition, the services they provide have led government to reimburse them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting Auditing Control / Comptabilité Contrôle Audit (English Edition) is the property of Association Francophone de Comptabilite c/o Solle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales is the property of Revue Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les patients se tournent couramment vers des produits à base de plantes ou de substances naturelles pour rester en bonne santé. Le nouveau cadre réglementaire européen sur les dispositifs médicaux, toujours plus exigeant en termes de qualité et de sécurité, apporte des précisions sur l'utilisation de ceux qui sont composés de substances complexes, notamment d'origine naturelle, dans un contexte thérapeutique allopathique. Patients commonly turn to herbal products or natural substances to stay healthy. The new European regulatory framework for medical devices, which is increasingly demanding in terms of quality and safety, provides clarification on the use of products based on complex substances, particularly those of natural origin, in an allopathic therapeutic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Résumé En France, les études de santé sont réglementées au niveau national. La formation pharmaceutique a fait l'objet de nombreux décrets et arrêtés fixant les différentes modifications induites par les réformes successives. Summary In France, healthcare studies are regulated on a national level. Pharmacy degrees are subjected to numerous decrees and laws setting out the different modifications brought about by successive reforms. The process to adapt this degree course is far from finished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Les huiles essentielles (HE) sont de plus en plus utilisées par les patients. Or, elles sont présentes dans une grande diversité de produits et sans contrôle d'accès particulier, malgré une toxicité importante. Il est important de comprendre quel est le statut de l'HE, qu'elle soit vendue seule ou incorporée dans un produit, la sécurité du patient-consommateur en dépend. Summary More and more patients are using essential oils. However, there is a wide diversity of products and there is no specific control regarding their access, despite significant levels of toxicity. It is important to understand the status of the essential oil, whether it is sold alone or incorporated into a product, the safety guarantees of he patient-consumer depends on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Film Studies is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Rurales is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Generale de Droit is the property of Universite d'Ottawa, Section de Droit Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Generale de Droit is the property of Universite d'Ottawa, Section de Droit Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Compléments alimentaires et produits nutraceutiques soulèvent une problématique d’interface entre les aliments et les médicaments. Maîtriser les définitions est nécessaire. Au-delà de l’évolution de la réglementation des plantes médicinales, le périmètre du monopole pharmaceutique est remis en question. La notion d’homéostasie constitue une piste pour distinguer les effets physiologiques des effets pharmacologiques et permettre au pharmacien de conseiller à meilleur escient. Summary Dietary supplements and nutraceutical products highlight the issue of the interface between food and medicines. Awareness of the various definitions is necessary. Beyond the evolutions in the regulation of medicinal plants, the boundaries of the pharmaceutical monopoly are challenged. The notion of homeostasis is a potential means of distinguishing between the physiological and pharmacological effects and enabling the pharmacist to provide the best advice possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Française de Sociologie is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé En institution psychiatrique, l’évolution des comportements et du droit entraînent des paradoxes : concomitance de la conception paternaliste du soin et de la conception contractuelle du soin, nécessité de protéger des personnes vulnérables et qu’elles puissent exercer leur autonomie. Chaque situation mérite une réflexion éthique approfondie pour interroger les représentations, les valeurs en tension entre la conception du soin et les besoins des patients. Lors de la préparation d’un colloque éthique interrogeant nos représentations et nos pratiques face à la sexualité en institution psychiatrique, nous avons voulu connaître les attitudes des soignants et leurs références à la loi et aux règlements avec un questionnaire. Nous savons que les normes sociales changent selon les époques et nous avons étudié les règlements depuis l’ouverture de l’hôpital. Durant une grande partie du XX e siècle, rien n’est dit au sujet de la sexualité. Dans les années 1980, parallèlement à la mixité imposée par la loi de secteur et à la libération sexuelle ont émergé des innovations audacieuses favorisant l’expression de la sexualité au sein de l’hôpital psychiatrique. Actuellement, le règlement intérieur de l’hôpital précise que « les relations sexuelles sont interdites dans les locaux hospitaliers ». Portons-nous la trace de l’organisation historique de notre hôpital psychiatrique ? Au milieu des discours qui définissent l’humain, ses droits, ses idéaux de santé et de bonheur, quelle éthique pour penser cette question de l’humain ? La manière dont nous nous comportons, dont nous sommes en relation parle de la manière dont nous pensons l’humain. La psychiatrie est particulièrement au cœur de ces questions concernant l’être atteint d’une pathologie ou non dans son rapport au monde et cela nous concerne tous : les patients, les soignants, dans notre manière d’être à la rencontre de notre humanité, la sienne et la notre. Summary Changes in behaviors and patients’ rights in psychiatric hospitals have brought about some paradoxical situations: co-existence of the paternalistic concept of care alongside the contractual requirement for care; the need to protect vulnerable people, but at the same time enable them to exercise autonomy. Each situation raises questions that deserve in-depth ethical reflection about representations and values torn between the concept of care and the needs of the patients. We know that social norms change from one era to another. The authors have studied the regulations under which the hospital operates since it opened. For a large part of the 20th century, any mention of sexuality was totally absent from such regulations. In the 1980s, at the same time as the abolition of segregated-gender wards by law and the rise of sexual freedom, some bold innovations appeared with the aim of fostering sexual expression within the psychiatric hospital. Currently, the internal regulations of the hospital state that “sexual relations are prohibited within hospital premises”. Are we still applying the historical rules and regulations of the past to our hospital? Amid all the rhetoric to define the human being, their rights, their ideals of health and happiness, what ethical principles should we use to analyze this human question? The way in which we behave and interact with others is revealing of the way we consider human beings. Psychiatry is at the very heart of these questions pertaining to the human being, whether they are affected by a pathology or not, in their relationship with the world around him, and this concerns every one of us; patients and medical staff alike, in our way of being in touch with our humanity, our own and that of other people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le soin et la recherche du bien-être par les plantes sont une tendance à laquelle les pharmacies n’échappent pas. La réglementation concernant les produits à base de plantes a beaucoup évolué ces dix dernières années. Le pharmacien doit veiller à référencer des produits efficaces et sûrs. Summary Offering effective and safe phytotherapy solutions. Using plants for health and wellbeing is a trend which pharmacies cannot escape. Regulations concerning plant-based products have evolved significantly over the last ten years. Pharmacists must ensure the products they stock are effective and safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Résumé L’allergie alimentaire est un problème de santé publique de prévalence croissante. L’alimentation moderne se caractérise par l’augmentation de la consommation d’aliments complexes et la mondialisation. Les consommateurs allergiques sont dépendants de l’accessibilité, la précision et la qualité de l’information concernant les aliments qu’ils achètent. Les nouvelles règles européennes en matière d’information du consommateur allergique sont présentées. L’obligation d’information s’applique à 14 ingrédients allergéniques (céréales contenant du gluten, crustacés, œufs, poissons, arachide, soja, lait, fruits à coques, sésame, céleri, moutarde, sulfites, lupin et mollusques) et à leurs produits dérivés que ce soit sur les produits pré-emballés, vendus en vrac ou délivrés en restauration. La liste des allergènes à étiquetage obligatoire doit être périodiquement actualisée sur la base des informations scientifiques et cliniques liées à l’émergence de nouveaux allergènes. La maîtrise du risque repose sur la méthode HACCP appliquée au risque allergique. Elle justifie la détermination des seuils de réactivité allergénique pour évaluer la plus petite dose réactogène et la dose sans effet et développer des méthodes analytiques pour détecter l’allergène dans les aliments. L’attention est attirée sur l’absence d’harmonisation de la réglementation internationale sur l’étiquetage des allergènes, le sentiment d’insécurité du consommateur allergique lié à l’incertitude de l’étiquetage. La nécessité d’une réflexion éthique pour une information juste, équitable et permettant l’autonomie des consommateurs allergiques est soulignée. L’avènement de l’information numérique est prometteuse et s’inscrit dans la conception de sites alliant toutes les parties prenantes : association de patients allergiques, professionnels de santé et de l’alimentation, décideurs et législateurs. Food allergy is a public health problem of increasing prevalence. Modern food is characterized by complexity and globalisation. Allergic consumers are relying on accessibility, accuracy and quality of information concerning purchased food. The new European rules concerning allergic consumers’ information are presented. Mandatory labelling concerns 14 allergens (cereals with gluten, crustaceans, eggs, fish, peanut, soy, milk, nuts, sesame, celery, mustard, sulphites, lupine and molluscs) and derivatives as well as for pre-packaged products, food sold in bulk and served in restaurant. Lists of mandatory allergens must be periodically actualised on the basis of scientific and clinical knowledge concerning new food allergens. The control of allergic risk is based on HACCP method. Reactogenic thresholds have to be assessed in order to determine the lowest reactogenic dose and the dose without effect. Analytic methods have to be developed for the detection of allergens in food. Attention is drawn to the absence of harmonisation of international regulations concerning allergen labelling, the feeling of insecurity of allergic consumers due to the uncertainty of allergen labelling. The need of an ethical reflexion for an accurate and equitable information allowing autonomy of allergic consumers is underlined. The advent of digital information is promising. The conception of web sites built by all stakeholders (patients, health and food professionals, politic makers and legislators) is encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Les modalités de la prise en charge des dispositifs de perfusion à domicile ont récemment été modifiées. Cette nouvelle réglementation permet de mieux encadrer les facturations du pharmacien d’officine, d’assurer un suivi renforcé des prestations et de limiter les dépenses de santé. Summary The guidelines for the management of home infusion devices have recently been modified. They aim to improve the regulation of community pharmacists’ billing, ensure greater monitoring of services and limit health care spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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