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This paper coordinates archaeological information on the changing urban landscape of Egypt's first Islamic-era capital, Fustat, with topographical, social, and economic insights from the Geniza archive and other sources. A focus on the organization of the city's pottery industry provides new insights into the multiple "abandonments" and reoccupations familiar from historical sources, showing how diverse residential areas were turned to industrial use (and back) via adaptable transitional processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluates the architectural status of circular prototype mosques in Kuwait. The argument is that the once dominant and powerful image of mosques is now merely a repetitive reproduction through the prototype scheme. The study focuses on the circular prototype design, which has been constructed in many of Kuwait's recent residential areas. It evaluates qualitatively the worshipers' experiences of these mosques. Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology is qualitative. The main question is how well the circular prototype mosques are received by worshipers and local communities. Various research methods were used, including walk-through survey and group interview with worshipers and semi-structured interview with key informants in Public Authority for Housing Welfare and Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs. Purposive sampling was chosen to select for key informants. Time-location sampling was selected for worshipers' group interview. Findings: Circular prototype presents several weaknesses. The community did not receive the circular design well as it deviates from the traditional and modern rectangular mosque design prevalent in Kuwait. This research highlights the importance of considering traditional design principles, community preferences and functional requirements while designing a mosque. It also emphasizes the need for an extensive evaluation of prototype designs to identify potential weaknesses before proceeding with the final design. Social implications: It is recommended that future mosque design projects in Kuwait consider traditional design principles; community preferences; and financial, functional and sustainability requirements. In addition, the findings of this study can be used to inform future mosque design projects in Kuwait and to ensure that they are functional, cost-effective and well received by the community. Originality/value: This research provides an informative and comprehensive analysis of Kuwait's prototype mosque designs from the 1950s to the present day. It focuses on the current circular prototype, critically examining its advantages and disadvantages. This research is the first to evaluate the history and design improvements over the years. As such, this research offers invaluable information to those interested in Kuwait's religious architecture and cultural history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children. However, certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied. Here, we examined the relationship between spatial clustering, heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks, and socioeconomic factors in Southern China. We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021, comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions, and provides a representative sample of many developing regions. We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran's I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics. There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks, with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors, particularly demographics and living environment. Furthermore, interactive effects among specific are factors, such as population density and per capita residential building area, percentage of households with toilets, percentage of rental housing, exhibited q statistics of 0.28, 0.25, and 0.24, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions, revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission. These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curbside parking in a residential area may be induced by the presence of a public transport stop. Travelers may park their car near the stop and continue their trip to the city center by other means. This is called informal park-and-ride. The magnitude of the phenomenon is estimated by simulation. Parking demand is derived from the history of parking time (tickets) sold at vending machines. For each ticket, an activity location is determined by stochastic sampling from a buildings (facilities) database based on the position of the vending machine. The activity timing is derived from the parking duration specified by the ticket. Suitable parking spots for an activity are determined for the cases (i) drive-park-walk and (ii) drive-park-publicTransport-walk respectively. The generalized cost (based on money and travel duration) is determined for both options. The decision is sampled by means of a behavioural model. Several scenarios are considered and the results allow to evaluate the complaints issued by residents of a study area because microsimulation enables the generation of probability densities for parking occupation in such area in each scenario. This paper reports how the method is applied to a study area in Amsterdam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study parenting styles and social-emotional competence among adolescents. The cross-sectional investigation took place in Faisalabad, Pakistan between August 2022 and January 2023. A total of four hundred participants were included in the study, employing a purposive sampling method. Specifically, two hundred adolescents were chosen from various schools and residential areas, while an additional two hundred parents of these adolescents were engaged to gather data. To assess parenting styles, the Parenting Style Questionnaire was utilized, while the Social-Emotional Competence Scale was employed to evaluate the social and emotional competence of the adolescents. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS-21. For the present investigation, individuals aged between 10 to 21 years were enlisted as participants, comprising 50.2% females and 49.8% males. The parents who participated in the study included both mothers (64%) and fathers (46%), without any age restrictions. The findings of the study indicated a substantial association between parenting styles and the social-emotional competence of adolescents, with a significance level of (p<.01). Parenting styles emerged as a powerful predictor of adolescents' social-emotional competence, yielding impactful insights into the crucial role parents play in shaping their children's emotional well-being and social abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The urban space of Rio de Janeiro's peripheral neighbourhoods, transformed by its residents, is analysed as a reference for thinking about alternatives to housing and the city that have been planned previously. The approach to these built environments and their residents' ways of life aims to recognize, record, and disseminate their forms of production of space, that do not correspond to hegemonic models, but are the result of a daily construction process. The live-work unit has a prominent role in the production of its urban environments that, unlike the planned residential areas and contrary to legislation, is mixed with houses for strictly residential use. Responding to economic, cultural, and social demands, the transformations operated in the houses - understood as 'tactics' (De Certeau, 1984) - promote the dilution of the border between private and public space and create transition spaces, with the quality of 'in-between space' (Hertz berger, 1996). Allowing and encouraging the mixed use of housing and work is analysed for its potential to qualify the urban space, propitiating income generation and reduction of displacements, issues that are even more pressing after the COVID-19 pandemic. A synthesis of the research findings is presented, defining spatial categories and constructive elements that constitute a repertoire for the project and for discussing changes in legislation that could help in the increase of live-work units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand Side Management (DSM) plays a significant role in the smart grid to minimize Electricity Cost (EC). Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs) have recently been studied and proposed explicitly for HEM. In this paper, we propose a novel nature-inspired hybrid Genetic Flower Pollination Algorithm (GFPA) to minimize cost with an affordable delay in appliance scheduling. Our proposed GFPA algorithm combines elements of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) to create a hybrid approach. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we consider a scalable town consisting of 1, 10, 30, and 50 homes, respectively. The proposed solution finds an optimal scheduling pattern that simultaneously minimizes EC and Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) while maximizing User Comfort (UC). We assume that all homes are homogeneous in terms of appliances and power consumption patterns. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme GFPA performs better when applying Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) signal using different Operational Time Intervals (OTIs) and compared with unscheduled, GA, and FPA-based solutions in terms of reducing cost since they achieve on average 98%, 36%, 23%, and 22%, respectively. Similarly, PAR averages 98%, 36%, 59%, and 55%, respectively. While, UC comparing to GA and FPA, are around 88%, 48%, and 63%, respectively. Our proposed scheme achieves better results by applying Real Time Pricing (RTP) signals and different OTIs. As these schemes, i.e., unscheduled, GA, FPA, and GFPA, achieve cost on average 92%, 50%, 29%, and 28%, respectively. While PAR on average 94%, 39%, 62%, and 56%, and UC for GA, FPA, and GFPA on average 98%, 52%, and 49%, respectively. Overall, our proposed GFPA algorithm offers a more effective solution for minimizing EC with an affordable delay in appliance scheduling while considering PAR and UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free‐roaming cats are a conservation concern in many areas but identifying their impacts and developing mitigation strategies requires a robust understanding of their distribution and density patterns. Urban and residential areas may be especially relevant in this process because free‐roaming cats are abundant in these anthropogenic landscapes. Here, we estimate the occupancy and density of free‐roaming cats in Washington D.C. and relate these metrics to known landscape and social factors. We conducted an extended camera trap survey of public and private spaces across D.C. and analyzed data collected from 1483 camera deployments from 2018 to 2020. We estimated citywide cat distribution by fitting hierarchical occupancy models and further estimated cat abundance using a novel random thinning spatial capture‐recapture model that allows for the use of photos that can and cannot be identified to individual. Within this model, we utilized individual covariates that provided identity exclusions between photos of unidentifiable cats with inconsistent coat patterns, thus increasing the precision of abundance estimates. This combined model also allowed for unbiased estimation of density when animals cannot be identified to individual at the same rate as for free‐roaming cats whose identifiability depended on their coat characteristics. Cat occupancy and abundance declined with increasing distance from residential areas, an effect that was more pronounced in wealthier neighborhoods. There was noteworthy absence of cats detected in larger public spaces and forests. Realized densities ranged from 0.02 to 1.75 cats/ha in sampled areas, resulting in a district‐wide estimate of ~7296 free‐roaming cats. Ninety percent of cat detections lacked collars and nearly 35% of known individuals were ear‐tipped, indicative of district Trap‐Neuter‐Return (TNR) programs. These results suggest that we mainly sampled and estimated the unowned cat subpopulation, such that indoor/outdoor housecats were not well represented. The precise estimation of cat population densities is difficult due to the varied behavior of subpopulations within free‐roaming cat populations (housecats, stray and feral cats), but our methods provide a first step in establishing citywide baselines to inform data‐driven management plans for free‐roaming cats in urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of suburbanization patt erns and processes necessarily implies looking beyond towns and cities. Suburbanization is a blendscape because it occurs within the transition zone between urban and rural areas surrounding urban centres. Therefore, a tension emerges between the growth expectations of small- and medium-sized municipalities and the supra-local authorities (e.g. metropolitan, provincial or regional public bodies) that provide essential (mostly financial) support to those municipalities. Supra-local authorities hence perform the governance role of institutional blendscapes because they can mediate between those growth expectations and more efficient, area-wide land management. By using the Barcelona Province as a case study, this paper examines three inter-related issues in suburbanization processes: (i) the question of land transformation; (ii) the relation between municipal size and suburban patt erns; and (iii) the role of supra-local authorities in the management of suburban areas in the city outskirts. Findings show that, overall, while municipalities up to 9,999 inhabitants have a housing stock that is predominantly suburban in character (i.e. 76.5 per cent single-family dwellings), it is small-/mid-sized municipalities between 10,000 and 49,999 inhabitants that have the highest proportion (31.2 per cent) of suburban residential areas within the Barcelona province. These small- and mid-sized, often rural, municipalities tend to rely on financial and technical support from the supra-local authority of the Barcelona Diputación - a key governance actor in suburbanization processes. As an institutional blendscape, on the one hand, the Barcelona Diputación can steer a more efficient land allocation and management through environmental protection and assistance in developing (supra-)local spatial plans. On the other hand, by distributing essential financial help to provide basic public services in small- and mid-size suburban municipalities, it also partially mitigates the planning, construction, and maintenance of suburbanity in (very) small- and medium-size municipalities 'far from the city' and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to determine car density in parking lots, especially in hospitals, large enterprises, and residential areas, which are used intensively, in terms of executing existing management systems and making precise plans for the future. In this study, cars in parking lots were detected using high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images with deep learning methods. We tested the performance of the two approaches by determining the number of cars in a parking lot using the You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) and Mask Region–Based Convolutional Neural Networks (Mask R-CNN) approaches as deep learning methods and the deep learning tool of Esri ArcGIS Pro. High-resolution UAV images were processed by photogrammetry and used as input products for the R-CNN and YOLOv3 algorithm. Recall, F1 score, precision ratio/uncertainty accuracy, and average producer accuracy of products automatically extracted with the algorithm were determined as 0.862/0.941, 0.874/0.946, 0.885/0.951, and 0.776/0.897 for R-CNN and YOLOv3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty is the property of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A model for assessing carbon emission of the renovation of old residential areas. • Carbon emissions and carbon reductions were assessed and analyzed based on LCA. • The impact of embodied carbon on the carbon reduction efficiency was measured. • Suggesting carbon payback period as an assessment indicator for low-carbon. Communities urgently need to explore green and low-carbon transformation pathways due to high energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, existing studies lack a comprehensive assessment of carbon emissions and analysis regarding carbon reduction during renovation of old residential areas in cold regions. Therefore, this study employs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the payback period method to evaluate carbon emissions throughout the life cycle comprehensively. It constructs a carbon-emission calculation model based on LCA, specifically tailored to the retrofitting of old residential areas in cold cities. Additionally, it investigates the effectiveness of three typical retrofit measures undertaken in Qingdao, a region located in the cold A zone, focusing on whole-life-cycle energy savings and carbon reduction. The findings reveal that the average annual carbon emission intensity per unit area for Cases 1, 2, and 3 is 12.59 kg-CO 2 e/(m2·a), 27.05 kg-CO 2 e/(m2·a), and 23.39 kg-CO 2 e/(m2·a), respectively. Their corresponding carbon payback periods were 6.06, 7.23, and 16.00 years, respectively, which could be further shortened through material recycling. The environmental impact assessment of typical retrofitting measures contributes to the promotion of sustainable development. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for establishing an effective assessment system that supports the design of energy-saving retrofits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compensation hypothesis postulates that the absence of green spaces in residential areas leads to a greater use of public green spaces and nature in general. This paper tests this hypothesis by focusing on the use of public and private urban green spaces. A holistic approach is adopted that considers the complexity of residential context and the use of urban, peripheral and private green spaces. A survey was conducted in two medium-sized French cities (Dijon and Besançon) to identify how their green spaces were used and perceived. The residential context was described through multiple spatial and environmental metrics (physical and visual access to nature, noise level, private green space area) that were GIS-referenced to postal addresses. On the basis of that data, the compensation hypothesis was explored using a PLS path model. The results show the absence of compensatory behaviour when considering just the overall relationships between the use of different types of green spaces. However, conditional compensatory behaviours can be detected when allowance is made for other variables (physical and visual accessibility to nature, type of housing, dwelling floor area, noise level). These results remain dependent on the geographical context of the city, with a higher compensation effect where natural areas are less accessible. • No compensation behaviourwhen considering the overall relationships between the use of urban, peripheral and private GS. • Conditional compensation behaviours are identified when allowing for the complexity of residential context. • Geographical context can produce a greater compensation effect when access to nature is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Integrates remote sensing, ground measurements and perception evaluation. • Integrated information evaluates nighttime illumination environment. • Models define optimal illuminance for Dalian neighborhood safety and comfort. • Grading maps pinpoint over-illumination zones with energy-saving potential. The safety, comfort, and sustainability of the nighttime lighting environment in residential areas become increasingly the focus of social concern. This study integrates remote sensing observations, ground measurements, perception evaluations, and grading maps to compare the data of different residential areas, achieving perceptual performance assessment and energy-saving optimization of the lighting environment. The main researches include (1) Comparison of the Feeling of Safety (FoS) and Perceived Lighting Quality (PLQ) in the nighttime light environments of Dalian's residential areas by contrasting characteristics between high and low illuminated neighborhoods, new and old neighborhoods, open and enclosed neighborhoods, and internal and peripheral roads, (2)Establishment of a lighting environment perceptual evaluation model, proposing illuminance ranges for overall residential areas (6.67–17.97 lx), peripheral roads (8.79–24.50 lx), and internal roads (6.45–16.21 lx), (3) Construction a ground horizontal illuminance inversion model for Dalian and generate FoS and PLQ perception grading maps, (4) Within the scope of the study, the residential areas with insufficient, moderate, and excessive lighting account for 24 %, 56 %, and 20 %, respectively. This study provides effective strategies for reducing energy consumption, ensuring nighttime safety, and enhancing the comfort of living and helps to timely identify potential risk points that do not meet the perceptual standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of planned Highly Intensive Densification (HID) were investigated in southern Eriksberg, a residential area located four km from the city center, mainly built in the 1950s in western Uppsala, Sweden according to the planning ideal Houses-in-Park. Uppsala municipality has proposed a doubling of the number of apartments in the southern part of the residential area, mostly through situating dwellings in-between existing houses and in some of the existing green places and spaces. This way of densifying by inserting an equally large area is a new approach in larger Swedish cities, which we term HID. The research presented in this paper is based on case study methodology. Method triangulation has been used to elucidate the projected consequences on urban greening of the planned HID-process in southern Eriksberg. We have analysed the development plan of Eriksberg and measurable effects but also inventoried attitudes and experiences among residents. The document study showed that an implementation of the HID plan will transform the original concept Houses-in-Park into a compact design with significant smaller green spaces in between the houses. The main result showed that most of the respondents had in general strong opinions and feelings regarding the planned loss of green structure. The courtyard green, the district green and the entrance green were highly valued by the respondents. Further on it was clear that a majority were concerned about the residential area losing its original character, planned according to the idea, Houses-in-Park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Daylight-inclusive building codes are difficult to establish for rapidly developing dense urban centers in the global south. Obstruction Angle (OA) has long been used as a precursor in daylight-inclusive building codes. However, such codes are more suitable for higher latitude cities with low-rise developments but less effective in low latitude dense cities such as Dhaka. Existing research established Unobstructed Vision Area (UVA) as a critical daylight precursor for dense urban developments. This study further established Canyon Wall Porosity (CWP) as another critical daylight precursor and detailed a CWP calculation method. Via OA, UVA, and CWP, this study examined existing Dhaka building codes against optimal values for setbacks, building height limit, Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Maximum Ground Coverage (MGC). The findings revealed: (a) 63° OA is critical for Dhaka, and it should be used to set setbacks distances and building height limits (b) front setbacks could be narrower as streets assist in sustaining 63° OA, but rear-setbacks should be significantly wider (c) MGC should be lower to achieve high CWP for adequate daylight. These findings, especially the introduction of CWP for daylight inclusivity, could be a catalyst for solar legislation in other mega-urban centers on similar latitudes. • A maximum Obstruction Angle (OA) of 63o is critical for daylight in dense residential areas of Dhaka city. • While establishing building codes, 63o OA should be considered in determining setback and height limit. • Front setback should be kept narrower as streets help to sustain 63o OA. • Rear setback should be kept significantly wider to have 63o OA. • Higher Canyon Wall Porosity (CWP) helps improving daylight and it increases as MGC decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies of Lithuania's History is the property of Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Site fi delity data are presented for four banding sites in southern California for seven species of passerines. The fi rst site is a year round constant eff ort bird banding station in Zuma Canyon in the Santa Monica Mountains. The second site is at the University of California Burns Piñon Ridge Reserve, located in the high desert north of Joshua Tree National Park. The third and fourth sites are in residential areas in greater Los Angeles. The seven species are Gambel’s Whitecrowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophys gambelii), Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca), Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla), Lincoln’s Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii), Audubon’s Warbler (Setophaga coronata auduboni), Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), and Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendra). Site fi delity was divided into annual winter site fi delity (birds returning in subsequent years) and overwintering site fi delity (birds remaining for the entire winter). Diff erences in site fi delity between Hatching Year/Second Year and After Hatching Year/ After Second Year birds were also examined with no clear trends. The distances birds traveled during their fall migration showed no clear trends. Comparisons between sites had as much as an order of magnitude diff erence, but inferences were diffi cult to make as there are diff erences in habitats, bird species, and banding eff ort in published works. Most of the fi ndings here were on the lower end of published works. This is attributed a greater eff ort to detect site fi delity in published works compared to the constant eff ort, passive mist-netting conducted at my banding sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waterfront in the South Bronx in New York City is used industrially and harbors the Harlem River Yards (HRY). The HRY borders an environmental justice area, which includes a mixed-use area that is separated from a densely populated residential area by interstates. Recently, development of the HRY has expanded including the 2018 opening of a large online store warehouse. The goal of this study was to evaluate trends in traffic congestion nearby the HRY between 2017 and 2019. We analyzed one-hourly time series of crowd-sensed traffic congestion maps, both at the neighborhood scale and the road stretch level. Traffic radar measurements at two locations did not indicate bias in the crowd-sensed data over the study period, i.e., changed mappings between vehicle speed and the reported congestion. In the mixed-use areas, traffic congestion increased significantly during all hours of the day, with greatest increases at night and in the morning. Congestion increased close to the entrances of the HRY and along routes used by pedestrians and bicyclists to access a nearby recreational area. In the residential area, congestion increased significantly from midnight to morning and was unchanged for the remainder of the day. On the interstates, congestion decreased during the daytime but increased at night. Neighborhood-scale traffic congestion increased in mixed-use and residential areas in an environmental justice community. Our methods can be applied globally as long as crowd-sensed traffic data can be acquired. The data enable communities to advocate for mitigating measures. • We assessed traffic congestion in an environmental justice community over 2 years. • We analyzed time series of crowd-sensed traffic maps. • Traffic increased in the South Bronx in New York City between 2017 and 2019. • The local community will use the data to advocate for mitigating measures. • Crowd-sensed traffic data allow assessing community impacts of traffic globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are widely detected in the soil of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau with increasing economic activities. However, studies concerning the driving factors affecting the presence of these surface soil MPs for the typical regions with different geographic conditions are still lacking. Here we chose three representative regions (Ali, Yushu, and Haixi) from east to west across the plateau to investigate the distribution and further explore the contributing factors of surface soil MPs. The Spearman rank correlation, Geodetector, Random Forest Regression and Principal Component Analysis were used to unveil how the driving factors influence MPs distribution across the plateau. The results revealed that the MPs abundance, type, size, color and polymer across the Ali, Yushu, and Haixi were different. Microplastic abundance was inversely correlated with the distance from roads and residential areas, but was positively related to precipitation. Moreover, traffic elements were the primary source of MPs pollution in the Ali and Yushu but residential activities were the leading source of MPs contamination in the Haixi. Besides, backward trajectory simulations suggested that atmospheric transport may also contribute to the presence of soil MPs in the representative regions. These results further indicated that different regions may require different measures for controlling MPs pollution in surface soil. This study provides new insights into the distribution and source of MPs and further offers valuable methodology for future research aimed at uncover driving factors contributing MPs pollution across different regions with various geographical conditions. [Display omitted] • Marked variation in MPs abundance among the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was observed. • MPs abundance was correlated with the distance from roads (residential areas) and precipitation. • The relative importance of driving factors of MPs distribution for the typical areas was different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a case study design, the study focuses on identifying the institutional configuration that determines land take by low-density residential areas. Methodologically, it combines geospatial approaches and new institutionalism to capture and understand residential development, taking into account the interests, constraints and agency of local planning authorities, developers and households. The geospatial analysis shows that land take in the case study regions is primarily the result of low-density residential areas. We find that the combination of rural housing ideals, municipal policy objectives, municipalities' disengagement from spatial development and private sector interests are the main drivers for this kind of residential development. As the interests and constraints apply to all case study regions, the identified institutional configuration has high power in explaining low-density residential development. Our study thus uncovers a close link between the interests and constraints of actors, which on the one hand explains the limited impact of existing and new planning instruments on reducing land take, and on the other hand fosters path dependency in the development of low-density residential areas. Although there is some potential for change, breaking path dependency requires significant behavioural change among local planning authorities, developers and households. • Applying new institutionalism as a conceptual framework for understanding development of low-density residential areas. • Measuring low-density housing at sub-municipal level through building-based spatial analysis. • Structuring the housing construction process, taking into account local planning authorities, developers and households. • Understanding actors' interests, constraints and agency through expert and household interviews. • Study covers five case study regions and a period of 10 years (2009–2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban trees are key elements for livable cities because they provide ecological, social, and economic benefits. Due to their importance, tree care should assure their welfare and ecosystem service provision. Among tree care strategies, pruning is highly controversial because it can be performed poorly, risking tree and human welfare. For the first time, we investigate whether the "luxury effect", that describes a positive effect of human wealth on plant diversity, extends to urban tree care. In the Latin American city of Santiago de Chile, we sampled trees in 120 sites located in residential areas of different socioeconomic status. At each site, a trained forester evaluated each tree recording the occurrence and quality of pruning. We used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model with logistic distribution to estimate the probability of good pruning according to socioeconomic status. We found most trees (82 % of 510 trees) were pruned and most of them had poor corrective pruning applied. Good pruning increased with socioeconomic status of neighborhoods: 15 %, 31 %, and 54 % of pruned trees in low, medium, and high socioeconomic status, respectively. There was a significantly higher probability of finding well pruned trees in residential areas of high socioeconomic stratum than in lower strata. Our study reveals that trees in poorer zones are massively affected by the extended application of poor pruning that, in turn, risk ecosystem service provision for vulnerable people. Urgent strategies need to be implemented to prevent further tree damage in Santiago de Chile, especially in lower socioeconomic zones. Due to the widespread application of poor pruning on residential trees in our city and the paucity of local and global research on the relationship between socioeconomics and urban tree care practices, we make a call to investigate these patterns, especially in cities that exhibit social, economic, and environmental segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential green spaces are an integral part of urban green infrastructure and its role in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Various urban typologies and changing planning practices affect the amount and structure of residential greenery, which has a direct impact on climate benefits. While urban green and its climate benefits have received increasing attention, there is still limited knowledge on how changing planning practices and related urban typologies impact residential vegetation and its capacity to deliver climate benefits. This paper aims to address this gap by determining the impact of planning practices on residential vegetation, focussing specifically on climate mitigation and adaptation. With the case study of Helsinki, characterized by a high share of green areas, the paper first examines how construction year and urban density affect the amount and structure of vegetation on residential properties. Second, it estimates the carbon sequestration and summer temperatures in the present-day climate. The paper applies spatial modelling and regression analysis to estimate the impact of construction year on the studied dependent variables, while controlling density via gross floor area of buildings. The study demonstrates that the average amount of residential vegetation, as measured using canopy and vegetation cover, has declined 15 percentage points from the 1970 s to early 2010 s and the canopy to low vegetation ratio has decreased constantly over the periods studied. The decline of the canopy cover in particular has reduced the climate benefits of residential vegetation. The paper highlights the significant impact of gross floor area and planning practices on urban vegetation cover and the climate benefits it provides. It also stresses the importance of ensuring sufficient tree cover and permeable surfaces in cities with progressive climate mitigation agenda throughout the chain of urban planning, construction, and subsequent property management stages. [Display omitted] • Residential areas are a vital but understudied part of urban green infrastructure. • The amount of residential vegetation has diminished since the late 1970 s • The decline in canopy cover has reduced the climate benefits of residential areas. • Density and spatial patterns affect the climate benefits of residential vegetation. • Climate-wise, residential areas require sufficient vegetated and permeable surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using location theory as a starting point, this paper aims to understand how coworking spaces (CSs) locate within the city and how they reacted to the stress of COVID-19. Through a case study of the city of Montreal (Canada), we show that most CSs locate in areas of high transit accessibility and in central districts, but there is a trend – possibly accelerated by COVID – towards more suburban locations. These location strategies follow logics similar to those of Knowledge intensive services (KIS), including the tendency of some to agglomerate and of others to disperse. For some CSs, there is also heightened sensitivity to interactions with, and contributions to, the local community. Hence, faced with COVID, CSs in transit-accessible places combine an inward strategy, centralizing their activities around members, with a networking strategy , pooling some services and developing partnerships with local or other nearby CSs. Furthermore, CSs in peri -central neighbourhoods are the most vulnerable and have adopted retraction strategies. In contrast, CSs located in low accessibility districts outside the agglomeration adopt an expansion strategy, opening new branches near suburban residential areas to attract nearby workers. As hybrid work evolves, these results can help urban planners better understand the location rationales of CSs, how they adapt, and to what extent they bring added value to local urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of urbanity and thereby, demand for residential areas have made it necessary to carry out excavation operations in most cases of construction. In this respect, the most significant challenge that geotechnical engineering faces is that many influential factors affect the performance of excavating methods. Hence, selecting a suitable stabilization method for the excavation wall can certainly prevent financial and life-threatening risks. Meanwhile, nano-material as one of the stabilizer materials remains the central part of improving soil characteristics. In the current paper, the wall of a real excavation, which is stabilized with nano-clay injection, is studied to perceive how modern procedures affect soil slope resistance. For this purpose, the samples extracted from different boreholes of the site are prepared for the tests with and without different percentages of nano-clay for assessing its effects on the soil parameters. It was proved that 7% weight concentration for a nano-clay, which was injected through nine different boreholes and controlled by the results of the permeability test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging, was a suffcient amount. The loading on stabilized and nonstabilized excavation walls demonstrated that the nano-clay addition affected the strength of the excavation wall significantly by as much as about 70%. Ultimately, nano-clay injection and soil nailing were compared economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aleppo is a very important historical city in Syria with the most important ancient settlement. In this respect, the fact that Aleppo is one of the oldest cities still inhabited has gained international fame. Aleppo's strategic importance originates from its being an important connection point between East and West and remaining an important political, economic, religious, and vital center due to its mediation between the eastern and western worlds throughout its past periods. In addition to being a civilization and culture meeting point between East and West, Aleppo is also the meeting point of trade caravans and the key to trade exchanges between the two sides. The history of Aleppo city dates back to ancient times. Therefore, many different architectural styles are seen in the city. The purpose of this article is to discuss the architectural features of Aleppo's residential areas by revealing the reasons for the different characteristics of Aleppo's residential area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Szociológiai Szemle is the property of Hungarian Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is woven into the multi-disciplined research field concerned with questions on young people's living conditions and cultural expression in stigmatized residential areas in Sweden's metropolitan areas. In recent years, a movement demanding social justice has emerged in these areas. In this article, we examine the content of four podcasts that may be considered central to this social movement. The study has three specific purposes that relate to the contributions of this article. First, we examine how the podcasts, like the social movement in general, can be seen as an expression of how marginalized young people deal with their position as subordinated citizens and the racism that is part of their everyday living conditions. Second, our analysis shows how podcasts serve as meeting places for young people in the marginalized suburbs, as well as providing arenas for resistance in the form of counter-publics. Third, the study contributes to knowledge of the potential role of podcasts in contemporary non-degree further education. This is achieved through an analysis of the learning processes shown in the podcasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Sardinia is well known for its Late Neolithic and Copper Age underground rock-cut tombs that were used over generations for collective burials. Many tombs were decorated to resemble house interiors and cemeteries are often referred to as villages of the dead. Research so far has focused on excavating stratigraphic contexts within some of these monuments, or on typological classifications of tomb plans and wall decorations, but the landscape context of the cemeteries and their relationship to settlements have been overlooked. The article presents the results of two seasons of survey in Ossi (north-west Sardinia), focusing on two major cemeteries (Mesu 'e Montes and S'Adde 'e Asile). Combining fieldwalking, mapping and 3D recording techniques, the survey provides a comprehensive documentation of the cemeteries (from the underground architecture of individual tombs to their landscape setting) and yields evidence of prehistoric settlements in their vicinity. The article discusses the topographic and visual relationships between the tombs and the residential areas and how they may reflect social interactions between the living and the dead in late prehistoric Sardinia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines the associations between demolition and crime in Los Angeles blocks. Also, the current study examines how different types of demolitions (residential and commercial) can have different effects on crime in place. We utilized a weekly dataset of demolitions and crime in the city of Los Angeles, California from 2013 to 2016. We estimated longitudinal logistic regression models including measures of completed and permitted demolitions, while accounting for other structural characteristic measures. We found that completed demolitions in the focal block are not associated with most types of crime, while demolition permits have a crime-reducing effect on burglary, but crime-enhancing effect on larceny. We also found that the notice of a residential demolition permit reduces burglary one week later, but not for a commercial demolition permit. The current study contributes to the extant literature by revealing the nuances surrounding the demolition and crime process in blocks, in terms of demolition stages (permitted and completed), demolition type (residential and commercial), and crime types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic triggered an experiment in enforced home-working across the globe. In the UK, the home-based workforce jumped from 14 per cent to almost 50 per cent of the overall working population, a trend mirrored in countries across the world. Largely welcomed by both employees and employers, many organizations predict a hybrid future that combines working at home and in a centralized collective workplace. This has major consequences for the way we inhabit, conceptualize and design the city and the suburbs, as more (and different) space is needed in the home and employers realize that they can reduce their property footprints. The 24-hour inhabitation of residential areas brings new life to local streets and economies, while Central Business Districts and High Streets lie silent. This paper approaches this as a paradigm shift: for more than a century mono-functional homes and workplaces have been systematically separated – ways now have to be found to reintegrate them. Covid has shone a spotlight on major social and spatial inequalities, with the poor and the young disproportionately impacted. Priorities for researchers and policy-makers include the future use of redundant commercial buildings, and analyses of policy and law, including planning, space standards, tenancy agreements, Bedroom Tax and social housing allocations, that obstruct home-based work – and proposals for alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expectations for new businesses and research and development that combine data and technologies from different fields have risen, owing to the global trend of big data and artificial intelligence technology. Under these circumstances, a massive amount of data can be accumulated and reused; value creation through data exchange has been attracting attention as a new source of innovation. However, there is a large gap between the data utilization plan and problem solving using actual data. There are different evaluation indicators and issues to be overcome at each stage of the development process: generation of data utilization plans, collection of actual data, data analysis, and implementation. In this study, we verified the feasibility of a data utilization plan created at the Innovators Marketplace on Data Jackets, a workshop-style forum for discussing data combinations. We set the theme of "indicator formulation for selecting residential areas," which is an urgent issue in city planning and urban development, as a use case. The demonstration experiment of data combination that was conducted over half a year, the realization process, and the issues considered at each development phase are discussed. This case study is expected to be useful for future innovation creation through interdisciplinary data collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik is the property of Faculty of Mining, Geology & Petroleum Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human mobility and goods transportation are essential processes that lead to pest propagation, and accurately characterizing spatial transmissibility has always been a popular research topic. Therefore, we propose a spatial modeling and quantification method based on nighttime light remote sensing to reflect human transmissibility and integrate this method with other variables to map the pest spreading risk. First, residential areas in China are extracted from annual NPP/VIIRS datasets. Then, the human transmissibility index is established based on GIS cost-distance analysis with impedance parameters related to geographical and land use features. Consequently, the propagation risk of the human-induced pest Hyphantria cuneas in China is assessed with a binary logistic model. The results show that the human transmissibility index obtained from nighttime light remote sensing images can be used to assess human accessibility in a continuous way in the field. When the Hyphantria cunea risk prediction index was adopted, the accuracy of pest range prediction improved by nearly 5% for occurrence and 3.3% overall, with a significant difference observed in a Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared with the effect of anthropogenic factors quantified considering basic geographic information and infrastructure features. In addition, all the model R2 values increased at different levels. The human transmissibility index can be used to effectively characterize the spatial pattern of human impacts and displays high accuracy in pest risk prediction. Understanding the human transmissibility mechanism of pests is important and provides a reference for achieving early warnings regarding pest spreading, performing potential host analyses for human infection caused by unknown pathogens, and modeling human ecological interference. • Human impacts were quantified based on spatial nighttime remote sensing data. • The human transmissibility index was introduced as a key variable for assessing pest risk. • The spread risk of Hyphantria cunea in China was determined based on logistical regression. • The accuracy was improved by nearly 5% compared to that for a model based on a common anthropogenic variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to ultrafine particles has a significant influence on human health. In regions with large commercial airports, air traffic and ground operations can represent a potential particle source. The particle number concentration was measured in a low-traffic residential area about 7 km from Frankfurt Airport with a Condensation Particle Counter in a long-term study. In addition, the particle number size distribution was determined using a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer. The particle number concentrations showed high variations over the entire measuring period and even within a single day. A maximum 24 h-mean of 24,120 cm−3 was detected. Very high particle number concentrations were in particular measured when the wind came from the direction of the airport. In this case, the particle number size distribution showed a maximum in the particle size range between 5 and 15 nm. Particles produced by combustion in jet engines typically have this size range and a high potential to be deposited in the alveoli. During a period with high air traffic volume, significantly higher particle number concentrations could be measured than during a period with low air traffic volume, as in the COVID-19 pandemic. A large commercial airport thus has the potential to lead to a high particle number concentration even in a distant residential area. Due to the high particle number concentrations, the critical particle size, and strong concentration fluctuations, long-term measurements are essential for a realistic exposure analysis. [Display omitted] • An airport can result in high particle concentrations in a distant residential area. • The particle size distribution indicated the airport as the main source of particles. • Lower air traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic lead to lower particle concentrations. • The particle concentration showed high temporal variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale non-grain production (NGP) on cropland poses a potential threat to national food security, which has attracted the attention of the Chinese government. As a hotspot of NGP, mountainous cropland has undergone dramatic changes in its distribution pattern, influenced by China's cropland requisition-compensation balance system. Consequently, the NGP on compensated cropland (CCL) has become an unstable factor in grain production in mountainous areas. This paper analyzes the distribution pattern of CCL in Fujian Province, a typical mountainous area in China, identifies and compares the NGP characteristics between original cropland (OCL) and CCL, and explores its driving mechanism based on the physico-geographical environment, the socio-locational environment, and the resource endowment attributes, using the boosted regression trees (BRT) model. Results show that from 2009 to 2019, CCL tended to shift towards higher elevation and steeper terrain in the vertical zone and towards inland agricultural districts and counties in the western and northern horizontal zones. The NGP rate of CCL reached 16%, about twice that of OCL, and the proportion of instable cropland was also higher. Travel distance to adjacent cropland and slope were the main driving factors for NGP of CCL, followed by patch area, agricultural population density, and suitability of machine tillage. These factors exhibited differentiated marginal effects in their different threshold intervals and did not follow a simple one-way action mechanism. Furthermore, the analysis of pairwise interaction effects between variables identified the four most powerful combinations, which were slope-elevation, travel distance to adjacent cropland-elevation, slope-travel distance to adjacent residential area, and travel distance to adjacent cropland–aspect; within their specific value ranges, NGP is highly likely. Finally, we optimized the current evaluation system for reserved cropland resources based on these value ranges and selected Jianyang County, Dehua County, Zhao'an County, across the Fujian Province, as the area to adjust the reclamation strategy of future reserved cropland resources. [Display omitted] • Cropland compensation drives cropland uphill in China's mountainous regions. • Non-grain production rate of compensated cropland is twice that of the original. • Non-grain production is the result of multiple factors working together. • Evaluation optimized to detect reserved cropland suitable for grain production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road dust and roadside soil can act as both sinks and sources of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs), but comparative research on these two adjacent media is extremely limited. In this study, HCBD and CBzs were simultaneously analyzed in road dust and roadside soil samples from an area containing both industrial factories and residential communities in Eastern China. The road dust there was found to have 2–6 times higher contents of HCBD (mean 1.14 ng/g, maximum 6.44 ng/g) and ∑ Cl3-Cl6 CBzs (22.8 ng/g, 90.6 ng/g) than those in the roadside soil. The spatial distributions of HCBD and CBzs in road dusts were affected by various types of sources, showing no significant discrepancy among the sites. On the contrast, HCBD and CBzs contamination in roadside soils occurring near several factories were strongly correlated to their industrial point sources. Risk assessments showed, at current contamination levels in the road dust and roadside soil, HCBD and CBzs are not likely to induce carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks to residents in the studied area. Nevertheless, road dust ingestion, as the major exposure pathway of HCBD and CBzs, should be avoided to reduce the exposure risk. These findings based on the contamination differences between two media provide a new perspective and evidence for screening important sources and exposure pathway of HCBD and CBzs, which would be helpful to their source identification and risk control. HCBD and CBzs in road dust and roadside soil in an industrial and residential mixed area. [Display omitted] • Pioneering study on HCBD and CBzs in road dust/soil from multifunctional area in China. • HCBD and CBz occurrences were significantly different between two media. • Roadside soil could reveal sources of HCBD and CBzs, but road dust couldn't. • Road dust was more contaminated by HCBD and CBzs than roadside soil. • HCBD and CBzs exposure via ingesting road dust posed highest risks among pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effective ranges of H/W for predicting actual canyons flow patterns are indicated. • Flow patterns can be predict by H/W in 27.6 % of test canyons in the study area. • Different surrounding types can cause different flow patterns for similar canyons. • Designing high-rise buildings, wide roads, and squares around canyons helps improve urban ventilation. Efficient urban wind performance can improve air quality and thermal environment. Urban ventilation performance is associated with flow patterns that are affected by urban spatial forms. Understanding the effects of spatial form on airflow can help designers optimize urban forms to improve spatial wind performances. Among the design parameters, the aspect ratio (H/W) is closely related to the flow pattern. Many strip spaces in residential areas in China resemble ideal canyon configurations. Theoretically, H/W has the potential to predict the flow patterns in these spaces. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the potential of H/W to predict flow patterns in actual urban spaces, using a typical residential area in Nanjing, China. The relationship between H/W and flow patterns was compared in actual and idealized canyons. The flow patterns of actual canyons were obtained using computational fluid dynamics with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model. In study area, 27.6 % of test canyons had similar flow patterns to idealized canyons. These were in the middle or back rows of equal-height canyon arrays. When canyons were adjacent to an open road, open square, or high-rise building, their airflow moved quickly. When one side of a canyon was blocked by other buildings, airflow collisions were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study empirically verified the effect of service characteristics of social economy internet shopping malls in Jeollanam-do on customer reliability and loyalty. In addition, the reasons for ethical purchase and the moderating effect of residential areas were verified. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study conducted an online survey on social economy shopping mall members, and a total of 267 people participated. As for the research methodology, the SPSS 22.0 program was used. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, etc. were used for general characteristic analysis, and multiple regression analysis, mediating effect analysis, and moderation effect analysis were performed for hypothesis testing. Findings: The main results according to the hypothesis test are as follows. The system characteristics and product characteristics of the social economy online shopping mall had a significant influence on the reliability. Also, reliability had a significant influence on loyalty. It was found that reliability played a mediating role in the relationship between systemic characteristics, product characteristics and customer loyalty. In the analysis of the moderation effect using the ethical reason for purchase and the residential area as variables, it was found that it plays a role of a similar control variable. Improvements/Applications: As this study was based on a limited sample and that 'greenaum' is the only social economy online shopping mall, it may be insufficient to generalize the research results. Further research is expected to be conducted in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to air quality concerns and stricter carbon targets, surface transport electrification is quickly spreading, posing questions on the impact it will have on national and local electrical networks. This paper proposes an agent-based model to assess the per-minute weekday and weekend impact of the uptake of Electric Vehicles (EVs) over the next decade on local electrical and charging infrastructures, aimed at local decision-makers and stakeholders for transport electrification forecasting purposes. This study compares two scenarios, the first assessing the case where no restrictions are imposed on the daily charging events, and the second scenario where the peak electrical demand period between 5pm and 8.30pm is constrained for charging. Swindon Borough is selected as case study since it has one of UK's highest EV adoption rates and has ambitious aims for decarbonisation. The results show that, over time, scenario two consistently lessened the constraints imposed on the grid by lowering the weekday and weekend peak loads up to 7% and 20%, respectively, and through lowering the usage rate of the charging infrastructure by around 12%. This scenario postponed the 5pm to 8.30pm EV charging demand to later hours, resulting in delayed load waves in residential areas that, over time, took values of higher proportion of the daily peak, forecasted to match it by 2036. However, controlling the EV demand through this strategy became less effective over time, and so, constraining charging between 7am and 2.30pm is suggested for further control. To conclude, this scenario can be portrayed in reality by adding flexibility to the grid, through the use of time-of-use tariffs (TOUTs), hence, if well implemented, postponing the upgrade of the grid and the charging infrastructure, presenting savings to the network operator, charging network stakeholders and EV users. The paper thus highlights the advantages of using a model of a heterogeneous population with fine spatial and temporal detail to provide decision-support to key stakeholders in planning energy transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) such as Zika, chikungunya, malaria, and dengue have spread to more urban areas previously free of such diseases. Globalization has increased the infection potential for diseases and their vectors, placing tropical tourist destinations, such as Hawai'i, at risk for MBD epidemics. A cross-sectional study was conducted on the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa campus to assess potential mosquito breeding sites. The campus was stratified by land use designation and randomly sampled. Residential areas had the highest potential for breeding sites with high numbers of discarded plastic food and beverage containers. Recommended prevention strategies to curb littering in the residential area include awareness campaigns and encouraging collaboration between maintenance authorities to enhance oversight. This study highlights the importance of individual awareness and prevention of environment modifications that could contribute to the development of mosquito breeding sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]