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Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been shown to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in multiple organ systems. IRI is seen in multiple bowel pathologies in the newborn, including NEC. We investigated the potential of RIC as a novel therapy for various intestinal pathologies in the newborn. We used an established intestinal IRI model in rat pups which results in similar intestinal injury to necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Animals were randomly allocated to IRI only(n = 14), IRI + RIC(n = 13) or sham laparotomy(n = 10). The macroscopic extent of intestinal injury is reported as a percentage of total small bowel. Injury severity was measured using Chiu-Park scoring. Neutrophil infiltration/activation was assayed by myeloperoxidase activity. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α). Data are median (interquartile range). Animals that underwent RIC showed a decreased extent of macroscopic injury from 100%(85–100%) in the IRI only group to 58%(15–84%, p = 0.003) in the IRI + RIC group. Microscopic injury score was significantly lower in animals that underwent RIC compared to IRI alone (3.5[1.25–5] vs 5.5[4–6], p = 0.014). Intestinal myeloperoxidase activity in animals exposed to IRI was 3.4 mU/mg of tissue (2.5–3.7) and 2.1 mU/mg(1.5–2.8) in the IRI + RIC group(p = 0.047). HIF-1α expression showed a non-significant trend towards reduced expression in the IRI + RIC group. RIC reduces the extent and severity of bowel injury in this animal model, supporting the hypothesis that RIC has therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases in the newborn. • Iscahaemia-reperfusion injury is a key part of the pathogenesis of various intestinal pathologies including necrotising enterocolitis. • Remote ischaemic conditioning has shown significant promise in other contexts. • These data show that remote ischaemic pre-conditioning reduces both the extent of intestinal injury in a newborn rat model. • These data show that remote ischaemic pre-conditioning reduces the severity of intestinal injury in a newborn rat model. • This technology could very easily be translated to clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data have shown that intensified cytarabine in consolidation for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) does not equally benefit patients older than 60 years, and older patients experience significantly more neurotoxicity than younger patients. In addition, older patients are more likely to have abnormal or unfavorable cytogenetics, which also tend to confer limited efficacy with intensified cytarabine. This poses a treatment dilemma as to the best post remission therapy to treat older patients. This review explores some of the consolidation treatment strategies and options available for the older AML patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichomonas vaginalis , the causative parasite of one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases is, so far, the only protozoan encoding two putative Repair of Iron Centres (RIC) proteins. Homologs of these proteins have been shown to protect bacteria from the chemical stress imposed by mammalian immunity. In this work, the biochemical and functional characterisation of the T. vaginalis RICs revealed that the two proteins have different properties. Expression of ric1 is induced by nitrosative stress but not by hydrogen peroxide, while ric2 transcription remained unaltered under similar conditions. T. vaginalis RIC1 contains a di-iron centre, but RIC2 apparently does not. Only RIC1 resembles bacterial RICs on spectroscopic profiling and repairing ability of oxidatively-damaged iron-sulfur clusters. Unexpectedly, RIC2 was found to bind DNA plasmid and T. vaginalis genomic DNA, a function proposed to be related with its leucine zipper domain. The two proteins also differ in their cellular localization: RIC1 is expressed in the cytoplasm only, and RIC2 occurs both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Therefore, we concluded that the two RIC paralogs have different roles in T. vaginalis , with RIC2 showing an unprecedented DNA binding ability when compared with all other until now studied RICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 2015 Cofra Dynamic Compaction (CDC), a heavy Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) technique to compact granular subsoil, was performed on the Berth 9 Quay Extension project in Felixstowe, UK. The extension consists of a 15.000m2 reclamation between sheet pile walls. The compaction of the reclamation was required to reduce future settlements and improve the properties of the sand behind the quay wall. An extensive compaction trial was performed before the start of the project to assess the compaction procedures and work method in relation to the specifications but also to assess the impact of the compaction on the Quay wall. Compaction effort was monitored during compaction with the use of the crane monitoring system which registers the (induced) settlement with increasing blows. The effect of the compaction has been measured with the use of pre- and post-compaction CPT's. The main quay wall displacements were continuously monitored by a manual station and a robotic total station. During the trial an inclinometer was used to gather more data. The paper focusses on the gathered data, findings and observations during the project and the compaction trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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