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Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research presents an effective method for automatically segmenting brain tumors using the proposed Optimized Thresholded Difference (OTD) and Rough Set Theory (RST). The tumor area is determined using the proposed two-level segmentation algorithm. The first level i.e., an overlay image is created, which is the intensity average of all the pixels of the brain area that were segmented in the initial stage. Then the second level, in which the process of the thresholded difference is applied between the brain area and the overlay image depending on the specified threshold. Features are extracted from the segmented images using the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). To improve performance, an RST is employed with the extracted features. The completely automated methodology is validated using Figshare open dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainty measurement (UM) provides a new perspective on feature selection in an information system (IS). The intent of this paper is to measure the uncertainty of a set-valued information system (SVIS) from the perspective of "The similarity between information values is fed back to the feature set" and consider its application in feature selection. Based on the similarity between information values, fuzzy symmetry relations on the object set of an SVIS are first established. Secondly, θ -information granules based on the fuzzy symmetry relations are obtained. Thirdly, four UMs for an SVIS, including θ -information granulation ( G θ ), θ -information entropy ( H θ ), θ -rough entropy ( E r θ ) and θ -information amount ( E θ ), are proposed. Moreover, numerical experiments and statistical tests to evaluate the performance of the proposed measurements are carried out. Finally, an application in feature selection for an SVIS is given and the corresponding algorithms based on G θ and H θ are presented, clustering analysis on the reduced SVIS is conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are effective according to three evaluation indicators of clustering performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic media have been extensively used as a replacement for printed media, and learning and teaching using electronic media have become increasingly popular. However, there is still a concern regarding the use of electronic media for learning in terms of its effectiveness. This study aimed to examine if electronic media are more effective for learning compared with printed media, and we focused on the performance of short-memory tasks and brain activity in subjects while completing the tasks. Eleven Japanese subjects in their twenties performed a reading span task (RST) using both a printed medium and tablet computer. While performing the task, their brain activity was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The average values of the RST performance scores were almost the same for printed and tablet media. However, the NIRS measurement results showed higher activity in the frontal lobe of the brain while the subjects performed the task on the tablet compared with the printed medium. The results of the questionnaire answered by the subjects indicated that they felt there was better visibility when performing the RST on the electronic medium than on the printed medium. The questionnaire results also showed that the levels of tiredness and concentration were almost the same for both media. These results suggest that the use of electronic media for learning can be more effective in terms of brain activity and visibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiset-valued data is a powerful tool to deal with missing feature values. Classical rough set theory is sensitive to noise in classification learning due to the stringent condition of equivalence relation. Thus, a class of fuzzy relations can be introduced to describe the similarity between samples in multiset-valued data. However, these fuzzy relations have deficiencies when they are used in the computation of fuzzy conditional information entropy. This paper proposes a new model for multiset-valued data by introducing two variable parameters: one controls the similarity between samples, the other dominates the distance between feature values. This model employs the iterative computation strategy to define fuzzy conditional information entropy that is computing by matrix. The notions of three fuzzy information entropies in a multiset-valued decision information system (MVDIS) are put forward. For measuring any added feature, the significance based on fuzzy conditional information entropy is introduced. Moreover, fuzzy conditional information entropy iterative model (F C I E I -model) is presented. Finally, feature selection in an MVDIS based on F C I E I -model and matrix operation is researched, and the relevant algorithm (denoted as FCIEIM-MO algorithm) is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that FCIEIM-MO algorithm possesses good robustness and is superior to some feature selection algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that FCIEIM-MO algorithm possesses good robustness and exhibit better performance compared with some feature selection algorithms. • Multisets and probability distribution sets are introduced. • The fuzzy symmetric relation on an MVDIS is established. • The FCIEI-model is presented and a feature selection algorithm based on this model and matrix operation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Calidoscópio is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Ribbon on Sacrificial Template (RST) casting process enables the production of silicon ribbon wafers below 100 μm thickness for thin solar cells. It is a kerf-loss free direct wafer casting method which means that energy-intensive silicon material can be saved. Furthermore, thin solar cells have lower requirement on the charge carrier lifetime because smaller diffusion lengths are sufficient to separate the carriers. For this contribution, an established lab-type PERC solar cell process was applied on <100 μm thick RST wafers. This cell process was developed further by using an ICP PECVD tool to deposit SiN x :H as capping layer on the Al 2 O 3 passivation layer at the back side of the solar cell. This reduces damaging of the Al 2 O 3 passivation layer by ion bombardment using a PECVD tool with direct plasma. With this improvement it was possible to increase V OC to up to 611 mV, which is a new record for 1.5 Ωcm RST material. Furthermore, an efficiency of 16.1 % was achieved which means also a new record for RST material. To compare RST solar cells equitably with standard references, 1 Ωcm FZ wafers and 1 - 1.5 Ωcm standard multicrystalline wafers with initial thickness of 200 - 250 μm were etched back to 100 μm and were also processed into solar cells. The effect of wafer thickness and the difference in material quality between RST and standard mc material was analyzed by means of IV data, wavelength depending IQE measurements and LBIC maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and relevant retrieval of any type of the data, especially multimedia objects, is based on indexing technique. Due to complexity of multimedia data, existing indexing techniques for multimedia objects suffer from irrelevant retrieval. Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) has already been successfully implemented for indexing text documents, which has reduced irrelevancy. The focus of this research paper is to propose an indexing technique for image objects using RST. An indexing technique is proposed for image objects using image relation framework for RST. To elaborate the functionality of proposed indexing technique, a case study is presented for image objects. Further research can be carried out for indexing technique of other multimedia objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Despite falling raw silicon feedstock prices, the development of thin silicon wafers is worthwhile for reducing total production costs of solar cells. Its advantage is not only saving energy-intensive silicon material: thin wafers have lower requirements on the carrier lifetime since reasonable cell results can already be reached with small effective diffusion lengths. The Ribbon on Sacrificial Template (RST) technology, which is a direct wafer casting method, meets these demands. In this study we apply a passivated emitter and rear solar cell (PERC) process, which was developed for defect-rich multicrystalline silicon materials at the University of Konstanz, on below 100μm thin RST wafers. An independently confirmed efficiency of up to 16.0% are demonstrated on a 2x2cm2 solar cell. Hence, the mass of Si needed per Wp of this cell is below 1.5g/Wp. In contrast, a comparable standard multicrystalline cell exhibits 4.3g/Wp with the inclusion of kerf-loss. Loss analysis in terms of illuminated Lock-In Thermography and Laser Beam Induced Current show RST specific defects. A direct relationship between silicon carbide particle density and fill factor is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Alfa: Revista de Lingüística is the property of Alfa: Revista de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alfa: Revista de Lingüística is the property of Alfa: Revista de Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we analyzed 17 Y-STRs on 1019 male Han individuals collected from six provinces in East China, including Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai and Zhejiang. The haplotype diversities of six populations reach to 0.99991, 0.99998, 1, 0.99994, 1 and 0.99990, respectively. Six Han populations of the present study had no significant differences between each other except Shandong and Zhejiang. Han populations of Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai and Zhejiang showed significant differences between 2, 4, 3, 3, 2 and 5 Chinese Han populations from earlier reports, respectively. Han populations of the present study also showed significant differences between the other Chinese ethnic populations. The data provide a reference for Y-STR database in China and may be valuable for forensic and population genetic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]