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AbstractCaulerpin, a bis-indole alkaloid is isolated from a new source Sargassum platycarpum, brown alga (family Sargassaceae) for the first time. The structure of caulerpin was characterized by IR, H1NMR, C13NMR, HSQC, HMBC, EI-MS spectroscopy. Antifungal results suggest that caulerpin has been inhibited Cryptococcus neoformas(12 mm) and Candida albicans(7 mm) than other microbes. In vitroanticancer activity of caulerpin has been explored by cell viability assay against new human cancer cell line (liver-HepG2). The results show that caulerpin has low IC50value (24.6 ± 2.1 µg/mL) against HepG-2. Based on the least toxic activity of caulerpin, these results encourage for future in vivoanticancer study. The binding of caulerpin molecule with the two nucleobases (T/U) bases has been studied by DFT methods. According to the AIM analysis, there are two types of interactions between caulerpin and T/U bases partially covalent partially electrostatic and electrostatic in gas and water phases. Based on NBO analysis, the charges were transferred from the lone-pair (n) in orbitals of O atoms of caulerpin to the σ* orbitals of T/U bases atoms. ΔEbinin the state of caulerpin-T bases complexes are lower than those in the caulerpin-U bases complexes in both gas and water phase. MD simulation supported that caulerpin-T/U bases complexes are stable in presence of explicit water phase. Thus, the findings of our study will be useful for giving an insight into the caulerpin/bases complexes that could be helpful in future experimental studies to develop the performance of caulerpin molecules as natural candidate drug. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

AbstractIn this study, nine compounds were isolated, eight of them were isolated for the first time from Cystoseira trinodis. The biological activity of the extract, fractions and pure compounds was evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against 3 fungi species, 3 gram + ve and 3 gram –ve bacteria. The crude extract and fractions showed moderate inhibition against some of the tested microorganisms, especially the butanol fraction exhibited the maximum inhibition zone against Salmonella typhimurium(16 ± 0.60 mm). Cytotoxicity was evaluated against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Hexane fraction exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines with an IC50value of 14.3 ± 0.8 and 19.2 ± 0.7 µg/ml, respectively with compared to other fractions. The isolates were identified as octacosanoic acid (1), glyceryl trilinoleate (2), oleic acid (3), and the epimeric mixture of saringosterols (4, 5), β-sitosterol (6), glycoglycerolipid (7) and a mixture of kjellmanianone and loliolide (8, 9) by spectroscopic analysis. Among the all tested compounds kjellmanianone and loliolide mixture exhibited significant cytotoxic activity with an IC50value of 7.27 µg/ml against HepG-2 cells. The major and minor constituents of the extract and fractions were identified using GC-MS analysis. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that most of the studied compounds especially compounds 8 and 9 strongly interact with TPK and VEGFR-2 with highest binding energies supported that the high cytotoxicity of these compounds against human hepatocellular cancer in the experimental part. The energetic, geometric and topological properties of compounds 8 and 9 binding with cytosine base were computed by DFT methods. Molecular properties descriptors, bioactivity score and ADMET analysis confirmed that most of the studied compounds especially compounds 8 and 9 exhibit significant biological activities and have a better chance to be developed as drug leads. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Shared decision-making (SDM) implementation is a priority for Australian health systems, including general practices but it remains complex for specific groups like older rural Australians. We initiated a qualitative study with older rural Australians to explore barriers to and facilitators of SDM in local general practices.

AbstractAlkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ALKV) causes a fatal clinical disease in human beings of different tropical and sub-tropical regions. Recently, the ALKV epidemics have raised a great public health concern with the room for improvement in the essential therapeutic interventions. Despite increased realistic clinical cases of ALKV infection, the efficient vaccine or immunotherapy is not yet available to-date. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the envelope glycoprotein of ALKV for the development of B-cells and T-cells epitope-based peptide vaccine using the computational in silicomethod. Utilizing various immunoinformatics approaches, a total of 5 B-cells and 25 T-cells (MHC-I = 17, MHC-II = 8) epitope-based peptides were predicted in the current study. All predicted peptides had highest antigenicity and immunogenicity scores along with high binding affinity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles. Among 25T-cell epitopes, three peptides were found alike to have affinity to bind both MHC-I and MHC-II alleles. These outcomes suggested that these predicted epitopes could potentially be used in the development of an efficient vaccine against ALKV, which may enable to elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Although, these predicted peptides could be useful in designing a candidate vaccine for the prevention of ALKV; however, it’s in vitroand in vivoassessments are prerequisite.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

AbstractSince its first report in 1942, peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) has caused several epidemics in a wide range of susceptible hosts around the world. In the last 30 years, the evidence of natural and experimental infections and virus isolation were reported from novel but unusual hosts such as camel, cattle, buffalo, dogs, Asiatic lion and pigs. In addition, PPRV in a potential vector, biting midges (Culicoides imicola), has been reported. Either presented as clinical and/or subclinical infections, the presence of the virus in an extended range of susceptible hosts highlights the cross-species transmission and supports the hypothesis of an endemic circulation of PPRV among susceptible hosts. However, the potential role of large ruminants, camels and unusual hosts for PPRV epidemiology is still obscure. Therefore, there is a need for molecular and epidemiological investigations of the disease among usual and unusual hosts to achieve the goals of disease control and eradication programmes initiated by national and international organisations, such as the FAO and OIE. This review is the first to summarise the scattered data on PPR in large ruminants, camels and unusual hosts to obtain the global scientific communities’ attention for further research on epidemiological aspects, not only in its native hosts, but also in large ruminants, camels and other unusual hosts.

Sedum adenotrichum(SA) has been traditionally used against various ailments due to the presence of several important phenolic compounds. This study provides a scientific basis for the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Sedum adenotrichumin paracetamol-induced toxicity in rabbits. Methanolic extract of Sedum adenotrichumalong with paracetamol was administered orally to rabbits alone or in combination with paracetamol for 2 weeks. Results showed that paracetamol-induced toxicity was correlated with a significant change in biochemical, hematological parameters, and loss in body weight of rabbits, and the curative effect of SA methanolic extract was found. Liver and kidney histological studies showed significant induced toxicity of paracetamol and correspondence restoration power of SA methanolic extract. The levels of reduced glutathione, radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation in the liver were restored to normal by the methanolic extract of SA. This study confirmed the protective effect of SA methanolic extract against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by paracetamol. Biochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of SA confirmed the presence of bioactive phenolic compounds which have hepatic and nephroprotective potentials.

Background: A simple criterion for the efficiency evaluation of KGR-134 corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel samples in seawater solutions has been applied and compared with a numerical model along with a screening method of the percentage protection efficiency. The criterion, lim (ρins/ρs) =1, has been applied, when the resistivity of carbon steel sample in inhibited seawater (ρins) becomes equal to the resistivity of the carbon steel sample in blank seawater (ρs), as a function of the exposure time of the sample to the inhibited solutions. The criterion was used to determine the efficiency of 5-20 ppm of KGR-134 corrosion inhibitor in seawater. The analytical criterion, numerical modelling, and screening method of corrosion inhibitors were used in the present investigation. Efficiency variations of the KGR-134 corrosion inhibitor as a function of the inhibitor concentration and exposure time were calculated by fitting the experimental data to a numerical model incorporating a nonlinear regression method. The screening method of the percentage protection efficiency of corrosion inhibitors was found in a good agreement with the analytical criterion. Conclusions: The analytical criterion a long with numerical modelling were found concise ways of predicting the corrosion inhibitors efficiency of carbon steel in seawater in a comparison with the classical way of the screening method of corrosion inhibitors.

Die Isolierung des Dactylins in einer Ausbeute von 0,4% als ein Aggregat gelblicher Nadeln, Schmp. 187 — 189°, von indischen Mathiola Incana, R. Br., wird beschrieben. Die Identität des Glykosids mit Isoramnetin-3.4-di-glucosid wird durch Totale Hydrolyse des Glykosids zu Isoramnetin, Schmp. 303—305°, und Glucose einerseits und die vollständige Methylierung des Glykosids und die darauffolgende Hydrolyse zu 3.5.7-Trimethoxy-3.4-di-hydroxy-flavon, Schmp. 206—207°, andererseits, bestätigt.

• A 31-year-old man had tracheobronchial papillomatosis that rapidly evolved into squamous cell carcinomatosis. This unusual event has rarely been recorded previously. Herein the natural history of the disease is analyzed on the basis of the existing literature on papillomatosis.(Arch Intern Med 1983;143:577-578)

The fixed oil from the seeds of ?White Todri?,Matthiola incana, R.Br. (Cruciferae), of Indian origin, has been studied for its component acids. The fatty acid composition was found to be myristic (2.60%), palmitic (4.73%), steric (4.37%), arachidic (2.50%), lignoceric (?) (0.73%), oleic (32.17%), linoleic (21.70%), linolenic (10.70%), erucic (13.10%), and resin acids (7.40%).

The fixed oil from the seeds of “White Todri”,Matthiola incana, R.Br. (Cruciferae), of Indian origin, has been studied for its component acids. The fatty acid composition was found to be myristic (2.60%), palmitic (4.73%), steric (4.37%), arachidic (2.50%), lignoceric (?) (0.73%), oleic (32.17%), linoleic (21.70%), linolenic (10.70%), erucic (13.10%), and resin acids (7.40%).

The EtOH extract of Abrus schimperi(Fabaceae), collected in Kenya, demonstrated significant activity against Leishmania donovanipromastigotes with IC50value of 3.6 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of CHCl3fraction using Centrifugal Preparative TLC afforded two antiparasitic isoflavanquinones, namely amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2). They displayed IC50values of 0.63 μg/mL and 0.43 μg/mL, respectively, against L. donovanipromastigotes. Both the compounds were also evaluated against L. donovaniaxenic amastigotes and amastigotes in THP1 macrophage cultures. In addition, compounds 1and 2showed antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparumD6 and W2 strains, while 2displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusand methicillin-resistant S. aureus(each IC501.44 μg/mL). The 1H and 13C data of 1, not fully assigned previously, were unambiguously assigned using 1D and 2D NMR HMBC and HMQC experiments. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds 1and 2was revised as C-(3S) based on Circular Dichroism experiments. This appears to be the first report of amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2) from the genus Abrus.

Bioassay guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of Polygonum amplexicauleD. Don led to the isolation of amplexicine, a new flavan-3-ol (1), along with khellactone (2). The structure of the isolates was established by UV, IR, HRESI/MS and NMR, including 1D and 2D experiments. Compound 1exhibited considerable antioxidant activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay.

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Palaeomagnetic studies were carried out on 46 sites in basalts from the Newer Volcanics of Victoria, which range in age from Recent to at least 4.5 My. After magnetic cleaning the 25 normal and 21 reversed sites show a marked improvement in precision compared with a previous investigation of 32 sites in which only NRM directions were considered, and give a palaeomagnetic pole at 86.6° S, 266.3° E with A95 = 1.9° The small departure from the present south geographic pole is in the correct sense required by sea-floor spreading south of Australia. The between-site scattering of the mean directions and mean poles (VGPs), as a measure of secular variation, indicated no significant difference between the normal and reversed epochs. The overall values of the between-site angular standard deviation with respect to directions was 8.9° and with respect to VGPs was 11.4°. The latter is significantly lower than expected on Cox's model, but not significantly different from results from New Zealand and the Western U.S.A., which have similar latitudes to the Newer Volcanics. Comparison of the angular dispersion due to directions with Creer's model suggests that the hemispherical asymmetry of the non-dipole field has persisted over the past few million years, and that the contribution of dipole wobble to the secular variation must have been small over the same period.