Search

Quinoxalinones are a privileged class of compounds, and their structural framework is found in many bioactive compounds, natural compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Quinoxalinone is a promising scaffold for different types of functionalization, and the slight modification of the quinoxalinone skeleton is known to offer a wide range of compounds for drug discovery. Owing to the importance of the quinoxalinone scaffold, we have developed a base-mediated protocol for the C3-alkylation of quinoxalinone followed by tandem cyclization to access novel types of strenuous and fused dihalo-aziridino-quinoxalinone heterocycles via the construction of C–C and C–N bonds. The protocol proved to be simple and practical to access desired fused quinoxalinone heterocycles in excellent yields (up to 98% yield). As an application, the highly functionalized fused dihalo-aziridino-quinoxalinone molecule has been further utilized for mono-dehalogenation under visible light irradiation and selective amide reduction. Moreover, the protocol has also been demonstrated on a gram scale.

Reduce, reuse and recycle are treated as the thumb rule for achieving sustainability, and this formula rightly applies to construction materials as they are depleting at an incredible pace. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a sustainable alternative for construction aggregates. Several researchers have identified RAP as inferior material over natural coarse aggregates and proposed incorporating materials like superplasticizers, admixtures, fibers, and pozzolanic materials to compensate for the decrease in mechanical properties. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the mechanical and durability characteristics of RAP-based roller-compacted concrete with red mud as part addition to cement. The present study considers a constant replacement percentage of 50% by weight of natural aggregates with RAP to evaluate mechanical and durability properties. Upon comparing the fresh properties of RAP-based roller-compacted concrete with red mud over roller-compacted concrete with only natural aggregates, a 3–15% increase in optimum moisture content is observed. Further, the mechanical properties like compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, which showed a downtrend due to RAP inclusion, have significantly improved by incorporating red mud. However, a 15% red mud by cement weight is observed to be an optimum dosage based on the mechanical properties. Red mud-inclusive mixes outperformed RAP and control mixes in terms of durability characteristics such as water absorption, abrasion loss, and resistance to the aggressive environment. Further, incorporating 15% red mud in RAP-based roller-compacted concrete liberates a lower calcium silica ratio, which ascertains the dense microstructure formation.

An efficient and straightforward method has been developed for the synthesis of β-benzyl-substituted 5-membered heterocyclic carbaldehydes via transient directing-group-enabled direct γ-C(sp3)–H arylation of 3-methylheteroarene-2-carbaldehydes. A wide range of 3-methylheteroarene carbaldehydes undergo coupling with a variety of aryl iodides, including less reactive iodo pyridine derivatives to provide a library of highly selective functionalized products in good to excellent yields. Some of these products have been successfully utilized in synthesizing useful synthetic intermediates.

A silver(I)‐catalyzed method to access spiro‐pyrrolidinedioneoxiranes has been developed. Silver hexafluoroantimonate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of aldehydes using donor‐/acceptor‐substituted vinyl diazosuccinimides as carbenoid precursors. The protocol has been found to be highly regio‐ and chemoselective, and works well with aromatic aldehydes containing electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating groups to afford spiro‐pyrrolidinedioneoxiranes with a broad substrate scope. Silver spiral: Silver hexafluoroantimonate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of aldehydes using donor‐/acceptor‐substituted vinyl diazosuccinimides as carbenoid precursors, leading to spiro‐pyrrolidinedioneoxiranes. The protocol has been found to be highly regio‐ and chemoselective, and tolerates aromatic aldehydes containing electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating groups.

The construction industry has grown enormously over the last few decades. Concrete has been the key component in most construction works. Concrete is very good in compression but the weak tensile properties have made an urge to improve its tensile properties with different reinforcement materials. The reinforced concrete has more tensile strength compared to non-reinforced concrete. There are several types of fibers used in reinforced concrete. The Usage of natural fibers in concrete has not only improved the tensile properties but also has a positive impact on Environment. There are many varieties of natural fibers available in the market. This state-of-the-art review represents the potential of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers as reinforcement. Several researchers have used OPEFB fibers as reinforcement in composite materials in the construction industry. In this state-of-the-art review, the overall performance of OPEFB fibers and their composites are reported. The surface morphology of OPEFB fibers, physical properties, mechanical properties, and various treatment methods for improving durability are presented.

Visible light promoted chemoselective metal free hydrogenation of activated double bond has been achieved via photoredox catalysis. Eosin Y has proved to be an efficient catalyst for the effective reduction of C−C double bonds of alkylidene oxindoles and succinimides under visible light. Commercially viable DIPEA has been employed as a sacrificial electron donor and it's in‐situ generated cationic radical acts as reductant in this transformation. The method proved to be practical as a broad range of substrates containing activated double bond were easily reduced. The method proved to be scalable on a gram quantity and the reduced product has been utilized successfully for the further synthetic application. The systematic and detailed mechanistic studies reveal the oxidative quenching of the photocatalyst by the activated double bond. Visible light promotedchemoselective metal free hydrogenation of activated double bond has been achieved via photoredox catalysis. Eosin Y has proved to be an efficient catalyst for the effective reduction of C−C double bonds of alkylidene oxindoles and succinimides under visible light.

A series of new diaryl ether linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) conjugates (4a-i, 5a-i and 6a-f) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of 11 human cancer cell lines. These conjugates exhibited significant anticancer activity with GI50values in the range of 0.1-3.88 μM. Some of the potent conjugates (4b, 4h, 5h, 6b, 6c and 6e) were further investigated on cell cycle distribution. FACS analysis showed the accumulation of cells in G0 phase indicating the apoptosis inducing nature of these conjugates. Moreover, compound 6b caused a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicates the apoptotic nature of the compound through mitochondrial mediated pathway. Further conjugates 4b, 4h and 6b induce the activation of caspase and PARP proteins, followed by apoptotic cell death in MCF7 cell line.

A silver triflimide catalyzed one‐pot protocol for the diastereoselective synthesis of dihydrobenzoxepines has been developed. Silver triflimide was found to be an efficient catalyst for the formal (5+2)‐cycloaddition to access dihydrobenzoxepines as a single diastereomer using vinyl diazosuccinimides as 5‐C‐synthons and ketones. An unmet challenge of utilizing the donor‐/acceptor‐type vinyl diazosuccinimides as 5‐C‐synthons under silver‐catalysis is presented. This protocol was found to be highly regio‐, chemo‐ and diastereoselective, and works well with aliphatic as well as aromatic methyl ketones bearing electron deactivating as well as donating groups to afford dihydrobenzo[5,6]oxepino[2,3‐c]pyrroles. The control experiments and time‐dependent NMR studies revealed the plausible mechanism of this transformation. The protocol also proved to be scalable on the gram‐scale synthesis. Dihydrobenzoxepine scaffoldis one of the important and useful oxygenated heterocycles. A one‐pot diastereoselective synthesis of dihydrobenzoxepines has been achieved via a formal (5+2)‐cycloaddition of vinyl diazosuccinimides and ketones under silver catalysis. Aliphatic as well as aromatic methyl ketones afforded the corresponding dihydrobenzoxepines with high regio‐ and chemo‐selectivity. Further insight into the reaction mechanism has been established using control experiments and time‐dependent NMR studies.

A series of new cinnamide dimers was synthesized (5a-6a) and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. All the compounds investigated have shown significant antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as few fungal strains. The compounds having withdrawing group exhibited significant biological activity than their precursors. Moreover all the compounds containing electron withdrawing substituent showed good antimicrobial activity in comparison with the standards.

Highly chemo- and regio-selective C–H bond functionalization of unactivated arenes with propargyl α-aryl-α-diazoacetates has been developed using scandium catalysis. A variety of unactivated, mildly deactivated, and electronically activated arenes have been functionalized using this protocol. The synergistic combination of scandium triflate as a catalyst and propargyl α-aryl-α-diazoacetate as a reagent played a pivotal role in the effective C–H bond functionalization of arenes without the assistance of any directing group or ligand. The practicality of the protocol has been demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of very useful α,α-diarylacetates including antispasmodic drug-adiphenine. Based on the experimental observations, labeling experiment, and density functional theory calculations, a plausible reaction mechanism has been outlined.

The cyanation of organic compounds is an important synthetic transformation and mainly relies on a toxic CN source. Undeniably, thiocyanate salt has emerged as a very mild and environmentally benign CN source, yet its synthetic utility for cyanation is highly limited to very few types of organic compounds. Herein, we report the direct cyanation of cyclic thioacetals for accessing compounds with two different functional groups (thiocyano-thioesters) in one pot using sodium thiocyanate via photoredox catalysis. The protocol has been further extended for the direct cyanation of disulfides and diselenide to access aryl thiocyanates and aryl selenocyanate. A plausible mechanism has been proposed based on a series of control experiments, cyclic voltammetry and Stern–Volmer studies.

Electron injection and back electron transfer (BET) dynamics have been carried out for dibromo fluorescein (DBF) sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles capped (modified) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate using transient absorption techniques in picosecond and microsecond time domain. BET dynamics have been compared with bare (unmodified) nanoparticles for the same DBF/TiO2 system. It has been observed that BET reaction is slow on the modified surface compared to a bare surface in earlier time domain (picosecond). This observation has been explained by the fact that on surface modification the energy levels of the semiconductor nanoparticles are pushed up in energy. As a result, the free energy of reaction (−ΔG°) for BET reaction of a dye/SM-TiO2 system increases as compared to the dye/bare TiO2 system. High exoergic BET reaction in dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles surfaces fall in the Marcus inverted regime, so with increasing free energy of reaction, BET rate decreases on the modified surface. However, a reversible trend in BET dynamics has been observed for the above systems in the longer time domain (microsecond). In microsecond time domain BET reaction is faster on the modified surface as compared to on the bare surface. Modification of this surface reduces the density of deep trap states. Recombination dynamics between deep-trapped electron and parent cation is slow due to low coupling strength of BET reaction. As the density of deep-trapped electrons is high in bare particles, BET reaction is slow in longer time domain.

The photophysics and reactivity of quantum size ZnO nanoparticles have been studied using static and time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy. Size quantization of ZnO nanoparticles is confirmed by steady-state optical absorption and emission spectroscopy. On band gap excitation, ZnO nanoparticles give both exciton and trap-state emission. The emission from ZnO nanoparticles is readily quenched by hole scavengers such as catechol (cat.) and naphthyl catechol (Ncat.). Quenching of ZnO emission has been attributed to the reactivity of ZnO nanoparticles with adsorbed catechols. Studies on particle size variation revealed that the reactivity of ZnO nanoparticles decreases as their size increases. The maximum reactivity of the excited ZnO nanoparticles with the catechols has been observed for the smallest size particles. Time-resolved emission studies of ZnO particles in the presence of the catechols confirmed that the catechols react in the same rate with both shallow and deeply trapped holes. We have also carried out time-resolved absorption studies of ZnO nanoparticles exciting at 355 nm laser light in the presence of the catechols. On laser excitation of ZnO nanoparticles, electrons and holes are generated. It has been observed that the holes react with the catechols and form oxidized species, which in turn convert to the phenoxyl radical of the catechols. The transient spectra of the phenoxyl radical of the catechols are confirmed by pulse radiolysis technique, which shows a strong absorbance peak in UV region and small shoulder at visible region for both the catechols. It has been observed that on the ZnO nanoparticle surface the spectrum of the phenoxyl radical of the catechols are little broader.

TiO2 nanoparticles capped with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) have been synthesized so that they can be dispersed in many organic and nonaqueous solvents. It has been found that DBS-capped TiO2 nanoparticles have a significant red shift of the optical absorption band edge and clear photoluminescence at room temperature in contrast to that of bare TiO2 nanoparticles. The results obtained indicate that the surface structure, that is, the capping group and the defect states, plays an important role in the electronic states of TiO2 nanoparticles. The recombination dynamics of the photoexcited charge carriers (electron and hole pairs) of DBS-capped TiO2 as studied by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is found to be much slower as compared to that of bare TiO2 nanoparticles as reported earlier.

The focus of the paper is on the synthesis of nonlinear adaptive robust controllers for precision linear motor drive systems that achieve not only excellent output tracking performance but also accurate parameter estimations for secondary purposes such as machine health monitoring and prognostics. Such an objective is accomplished through the intelligent integration of the output tracking performance oriented direct adaptive robust control (DARC) design with the accurate parameter estimation based indirect adaptive robust control (IARC) design. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DIARC controller is able to achieve better tracking performance and better parameter estimation than either the DARC or the IARC algorithms.

Abstract: Industrial Computed Tomographic (ICT) imaging systems based on X-rays require a high stability source. This emanates from the fact that in a computed tomographic imaging system, statistical variation inherent in the penetrating radiation used to probe the specimen, electronic noise generated in the detection system and reconstruction errors play an important role in the overall quality of the image. A conventional industrial X-ray machine used for routine radiography work is not suitable for tomographic imaging applications because of its output dose variations. In this paper, an experiment is described to utilise a general-purpose 160 kV constant potential industrial X-ray machine with significant ripple in its output beam, in an experimental Computed Industrial Tomographic Imaging System (CITIS) developed at Isotope Applications Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Studies carried out include the analysis of temporal profile of X-ray beam intensity and online averaging of detected signals for the minimization of periodic ripple, which mainly showed up, at the power line frequency. A tomographic image of a typical specimen, reconstructed with the processed projection data is analysed. It was observed that the mean value of reconstructed linear absorption coefficients and standard deviation computed over a window within a constant density region of the object were stable

Electron injection and back-electron-transfer dynamics of 7-diethyl amino coumarin 3-carboxylic acid (D-1421) and coumarin 343 (C-343) dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles have been studied by picosecond transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Electron injection has been observed by direct detection of electron in the conduction band of nanoparticle and cation radical of the dyes as detected by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Electron injection efficiency has been found to be much higher for D-1421-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticle compared to C-343-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticle system. Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements show that in high polar solvent, the excited state of D-1421 dye molecule predominantly exits as twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state, whereas excited C-343 exists as intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. On excitation with a laser pulse, D-1421 dye molecule in a highly polar solvent (water) goes to the ICT state and then relaxes very fast to the TICT state. Electron injection for D-1421 dye can take place both from ICT state and TICT state. As TICT is a highly charge-separated state, it can inject electrons very efficiently to the TiO2 nanoparticle. Quantum yield for electron injection for D-1421 dye has been found to be 0.90 compared to 0.60 for C-343.

Electron injection and back-electron transfer (BET) dynamics of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles have been studied by fast and ultrafast pump−probe spectroscopy in the subpico- to microsecond time domain. TPM dyes form charge-transfer complex with TiO2 nanoparticles as they get adsorbed on the surface. Among the three TPM dyes, pyrogallol red (PGR) and bromo-pyrogallol red (Br−PGR) have higher electronic coupling to or interaction with TiO2 nanoparticles compared to aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATC). Excitation of the dyes adsorbed on the TiO2 nanoparticle surface leads to electron injection into the conduction band of TiO2. Electron injection has been confirmed by direct detection of an electron in the conduction band, a cation radical of the adsorbed dye, and a bleach of the dye in real time as monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and near-IR regions. The dynamics of BET from TiO2 to the parent cation have been measured by monitoring the recovery kinetics of the bleach of the adsorbed dye. BET dynamics have been found to be multiexponential, and it is extremely fast for the strong coupling dyes (PGR and Br−PGR). The majority of the injected electrons are found to come back to the parent cation with a time constant of ~2 ps. BET dynamics have been compared for the strong (PGR) and moderate (ATC) coupling dyes in the microsecond time domain. Intensity dependence experiments show BET reactions for PGR- and Br−PGR-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles follow a first-order ET rate, where as ATC-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles follow a second-order ET rate. It has been observed that for strongly coupled dyes, BET reaction occurs much faster than that for weakly coupled dyes. Coupling elements for the BET processes from TiO2 nanoparticles to the parent cation have been determined for shallow and deep trap electrons in the above systems.

Electron injection and back electron transfer dynamics of xanthene dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles have been studied by picosecond transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. When the xanthene dyes are adsorbed on the TiO2 surface, a good fraction of the dye molecules forms charge transfer (CT) complex with the TiO2 nanoparticle. On excitation of the above system, electron transfer from dye molecule to nanoparticle takes place. Electron injection has been observed by direct detection of electron in the conduction band of nanoparticle and bleach of the dye as detected by picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The corresponding dynamics have been determined by monitoring the recovery kinetics of the bleach of the dye in the visible region. Electron injection in the above systems can take place in two different ways:  (1) through the excited state of the dye and (2) through direct injection to the conduction band on excitation of the charge transfer complex. For the charge transfer complex, when the recombination reaction takes place, charge transfer (CT) emission has been observed. Monitoring the CT emission, we have determined the back ET rate. We have also found that the back ET rate for the xanthene dye-sensitized TiO2 CT complex decreases as the relative driving force increases. Assuming a negligible change in electronic coupling, our results provide the evidence for the Marcus inverted region kinetic behavior for an interfacial ET process.

This paper proposes a ADAptive LINEar Neuron (ADALINE) identifier and a pole-shift controller to damp out multi-mode oscillations in power system. A five machine power system is used in the simulation studies. The generating units are represented by third order discrete ARMA models. ADALME network is modeled so that its weights have a one-to-one relationship with the ARMA parameters. The weights are updated adaptively at each sampling interval to determine the characteristics of the actual system. The pole-shift control uses the on-line updated weights to calculate the closed-loop poles of the system. The unstable poles arc moved inside the unit circle in the z-plane and the control is calculated so as to achieve regulation of the system to a constant setpoint in the shortest interval of time. Behavior of the adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS) and its coordination ability with other conventional PSSs (CPSSs) in the system are demonstrated.

This paper deals with the application of daptive power system stabilizers to provide supplementary excitation control signal for improved power system operation. The proposed methodology includes a radial basis function (RBF) network for identifying the system characteristics in an on-line mode and a pole-shifting (PS) control methodology to compute the control signal. In the proposed RBF structure, the weights correspond to the system parameters. This overcomes the “black-box” like description of the ANN models proposed in the literature and provides insight into the operation of the RBF model. This new technique has several advantages with regard to modeling, training and stability making it attractive for on-line applications. Simulation studies on a single-machine infinite bus power system verify the effectiveness of the above approach.

The paper proposes a fuzzy inference system to assist the operator for voltage control and power loss minimisation. The reactive power control problem is decoupled from the voltage regulator problem. A fuzzy expert system provides rules for both the problems. The fuzzy inference system acts as the front-end to determine the control variables for the two decoupled problems. An existing 30-bus distribution system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the above approach. Simplicity of approach and speed make it a viable option for online Var control.

An artificial neural network with an adaptive-Kalman-filter-based learning algorithm is presented for forecasting weather-sensitive loads. The proposed model can differentiate between weekday and weekend loads. This neural-network model has been implemented using real load data. The results reveal the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach in terms of short learning time, rapid convergence and the adaptive nature of the learning algorithm.

Three computing models, based on the multilayer perceptron and capable of fuzzy classification of patterns, are presented. The first type of fuzzy neural network uses the membership values of the linguistic properties of the past load and weather parameters and the output of the network is defined as fuzzy-class-membership values of the forecast load. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the network. The second and third types of fuzzy neural network are developed based on the fact that any fuzzy expert system can be represented in the form of a feedforward neural network. These two types of fuzzy-neural-network model can be trained to develop fuzzy-logic rules and find optimal input/output membership values. A hybrid learning algorithm consisting of unsupervised and supervised learning phases is used to train the two models. Extensive tests have been performed on two-years of utility data for generation of peak and average load profiles 24 hours and 168 hours ahead, and results for typical winter and summer months are given to confirm the effectiveness of the three models.

Mutational activation of the K-ras oncogene often occurs in human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Since K-ras p21 functions in trans-membrane signaling, we have investigated whether the amount of this protein in lung cell membranes is a variable that could influence lung tumorigenesis, either due to genetic differences or in response to tumor promoters. The six mouse strains assessed showed little difference in the total lung K-ras p21 after immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. However, amount of ras p21 in the membrane fraction showed significant differences, with C57BL/6 and BALB/c having 3-5-fold more than NIH Swiss, AKR and DBA mice. Interestingly, a congenic AKR strain having the Ahr^b-1 Ah receptor allele from C57BL/6 mice (designated AKR.B6Ah) had high lung membrane K-ras p21 similar to that of C57BL/6. To test for possible changes related to lung tumor promotion, mice were treated with a promotional dose of TCDD (5 nmol/kg). After 48 h C57BL/6 lungs showed an increase in p21 in both total and membrane fractions. BALB/c, DBA and Swiss mice showed an increase only in membranes. There was no change in the AKR and AKR.B6Ah. Aroclor 1254 (250 mg/kg) caused an increase in membrane/cytosol ratio in Swiss mice. Thus the membrane:cytosol K-ras p21 ratio may be influenced by the Ahr phenotype, and TCDD and PCBs can induce p21 or increase its membrane level in certain strains, but these properties are not fully dependent on Ahr receptor type. In confirmation of the relevance of these findings for the tumor target cell type, the immortalized alveolar type 2 E10 cell line presented K-ras p21 in membrane, and this was increased 4-fold by treatment with 10 nM TCDD.

Mutational activation of the K-ras oncogene often occurs in human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Since K-ras p21 functions in trans-membrane signaling, we have investigated whether the amount of this protein in lung cell membranes is a variable that could influence lung tumorigenesis, either due to genetic differences or in response to tumor promoters. The six mouse strains assessed showed little difference in the total lung K-ras p21 after immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. However, amount of ras p21 in the membrane fraction showed significant differences, with C57BL/6 and BALB/c having 3-5-fold more than NIH Swiss, AKR and DBA mice. Interestingly, a congenic AKR strain having the Ahr(b-1) Ah receptor allele from C57BL/6 mice (designated AKR.B6Ah) had high lung membrane K-ras p21 similar to that of C57BL/6. To test for possible changes related to lung tumor promotion, mice were treated with a promotional dose of TCDD (5 nmol/kg). After 48 h C57BL/6 lungs showed an increase in p21 in both total and membrane fractions. BALB/c, DBA and Swiss mice showed an increase only in membranes. There was no change in the AKR and AKR.B6Ah. Aroclor 1254 (250 mg/kg) caused an increase in membrane/cytosol ratio in Swiss mice. Thus the membrane:cytosol K-ras p21 ratio may be influenced by the Ahr phenotype, and TCDD and PCBs can induce p21 or increase its membrane level in certain strains, but these properties are not fully dependent on Ahr receptor type. In confirmation of the relevance of these findings for the tumor target cell type, the immortalized alveolar type 2 E10 cell line presented K-ras p21 in membrane, and this was increased 4-fold by treatment with 10 nM TCDD.

Synthesis of short peptides using propargyloxycarbonyl amino acid chlorides as effective coupling reagents and polymer supported tetrathiomolybdate as an efficient deblocking agent are reported.

Indian wood apple seed (Feronia elephantumCorrea) constituting 6% (dry weight basis) of the fruit, contains 34% oil and 28% protein. The kernel comprises 62% of the seed. The oil is yellow with an iodine value 131, saponification value 192, unsaponifiable matter 1%. Fatty acid profile of oil by GLC is: palmitic 19.3, stearic 7.3, oleic 27.2, linoleic 19.8 and linolenic 26.4%.