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Controlling and conditioning electrical power to be delivered to the critical commercial load is very crucial under non-ideal grid and load conditions. Accordingly, PV-fed UPQC (Photovoltaic fed unified power quality conditioner) is the most suitable alternative to address both voltage and current-related issues under such non-ideal scenarios. Thus, for efficient control and power conditioning, extraction of fundamental grid parameters are the prerequisites. Fundamental frequency estimation, three-phase unit template generation and fundamental active load current component extraction are the most important procedures to carry out the control process efficiently. In the proposed work, an adaptive notch filter cascaded normalized comb filter triggered second order harmonic oscillator (N-CF-SOHO) based control of PV-UPQC is illustrated. The striking feature of this control approach is its ability to generate appropriate reference signals for switching of PV-UPQC by estimating and extracting out fundamental components from highly non-ideal grid voltage and current accurately with faster execution. Notch filters (NF) being the most remarkable digital filter in separating narrow band power signal frequency is used in the proposed work to adaptively estimate the fundamental frequency by iteratively following a variable leaky least mean square (VLLMS) based updating approach. Also, NF is employed in a modified manner to exhibit the behaviour of inverse NF to extract fundamental load current component. Utilising estimated frequency, N-CF-SOHO generates fundamental voltage unit templates necessary for the control of PV-UPQC. The presented method is computationally simple, exhibits lesser run time and is robust against noise of any frequency. The presented work is authenticated both in MATLAB/Simulink platform as well as in the developed experimental prototype justifying the above-mentioned features of the system.

In this article, we introduce an active power distribution scheme for a grid-interactive hybrid microgrid system. To address the effect of climatic change on power generation from renewable energy sources, a combined energy storage unit (CESU) consisting of both battery and supercapacitor is employed in this study. An improved mixed droop technique (IMDT) is designed in this article to split the total power requirement in the microgrid into transient and average components for smooth power handling by the CESUs. A robust sliding-mode nonlinear controller (SMC) is implemented instead of the conventional propotional integral (PI) controller for the switching regulation of the dc/dc bidirectional converters connected across the CESU. Hence, a hybrid control algorithm is developed in this article by combining both IMDT and SMC for the distribution of active power among solar photovoltaic (PV), combined storage units, utility grid, dc load, and both linear and nonlinear ac loads. The performance adaptability of the proposed method is supported by both MATLAB simulation results and the results taken from laboratory-developed prototypes.

In this letter, an integrated wired/wireless charging topology is proposed to expand the adaptability of the electric vehicle charging stations and further improve the utilization of the charging facilities and venues. By reusing the common structures in the independent wired and wireless charging topologies, on the basis of achieving the wired and wireless charging functions, the integration of charging facilities is improved, and its cost is reduced. Based on the isolated converter in the wired mode, a frequency tuning strategy in the wireless mode is proposed to overcome the frequency detuning problem caused by the parameter fluctuations. The feasibility and practicability of the proposed topology and the frequency tuning strategy are verified by the experiments.

A PV-integrated isolated DC microgrid has the potential to supply the electricity in remote areas with high reliability through greener and cheaper renewable energy resources (RERs). Having in mind the uncertainties in the RERs due to climatic changes, a combined application of battery and supercapacitor as composite energy storage devices (CESDs) in the DC microgrid is presented in this article. The purpose of CESD is to compensate the power imbalance caused by the intermittency of renewable sources and varying load demands. The power allocation in the composite energy storage system is a major concern and also it remains a challenging issue in conventional techniques. Hence, in this article, the problem is resolved by implementing an improved mixed droop technique (IMDT) with optimized steady-state as well as transient performances. With the proposed technique, the supercapacitor compensates all the fast power fluctuations in the system, while the battery supplies only the average power at steady-state. This control strategy advances the consistency of the system, dynamic restoration of the DC bus voltage, and reduces current stress from the battery units. Both MATLAB simulation and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Also, the scheme is verified for a large-scale ${\text{71 kW}}$ PV generating system through simulation.

The growing power requirement and the limited availability of fossil fuels makes it necessary to use renewable energy resources (RERs) as an alternative. The penetration of renewable sources in the existing power system becomes a big challenge for the safe and reliable operation of the system. Again, the erratic nature of these sources makes it impossible to supply constant power to the consumers. To overcome the intermittency of the environment and to provide constant reliable power to the loads, battery, fuel cell, and supercapacitor like storage devices are required in the system. Here, by considering the complementary characteristics of supercapacitors with high power density $(500-5000W/L)$ and batteries with high energy density $(50-80Wh/L)$ , a combination of these two storage devices is used with renewable sources as a hybrid storage system. Hence, a proper power management scheme is necessary to control the power flow in the system and to balance the total power between generation and demand. In this paper, an energy management technique was proposed along with detailed modeling for the experimental setup of the DC microgrid (DCMG). A dSPACE 1103 controller was implemented in the hardware setup. The validation of the proposed energy management scheme and hardware design is done by using both simulation and experimental results.

In this manuscript, a new control approach is counselled for DSTATCOM to resolve power quality (PQ) related issues. The Non-dual Adaptive Controller (NDAC) is employed with DSTATCOM to enhance the performance in terms of stability. The DSTATCOM is the constituent of voltage source inverter shunt DC-capacitor. A hysteresis block is employed for switching pulse triggering. The counselled scheme is a new method of shunt compensation and offers superior performance, for the lower frequency band in comparision with traditional strategies. Now-a-days we are dealing with huge nonlinear loads which draws non sinusoidal currents and also they generate large amount of harmonics. There are various advantages of using this new modified adaptive controllers over the tradition controllers. We are going to compare the performance of this new counselled controllers performance with the existing one in this literature. This new controller is initially simulated over MATLAB 2016 and then the efficacy of the counselled control approach (NDAC) is investigated using Laboratory prototype. Hardware setup is then authenticated through prototype with the help of dSPACE 1104. The execution reflects wide variation in the performances of both the controllers and also shows the supremacy of Non-dual adaptive controllers in terms of various aspects like harmonic current reduction, reduction in Total harmonic distortions during load dynamics.

As Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered as the future of the automobile industry, the demand for EV charging stations immensely rises. Though grid support can be expected for a microgrid (MG), it is highly advantageous to be self-reliant and be prepared for standalone operation for a long duration. This paper proposes a hybrid ac/dc microgrid (HMG) with an EV charging station in standalone mode with a smart power management strategy that increases the reliability of operation. Different modes of operation are designed according to power consumption levels and the operation of MG is switched between these modes considering the solar irradiance and battery bank state of charge. The decision-making system uses a combination of (a) fuzzy logic approach based on the state of charge of the energy storage system (ESS) and solar irradiance, adding to the intelligence of the system and providing smart reasoning capability and (b) logical decisions based on solar power and battery state of charge, considering all possible operating scenarios. With the proposed power management strategy in place, the standalone hybrid microgrid system is found to be able to prolong the discharge of the energy storage system under critical conditions of low battery state of charge and PV power availability and also under highly critical situations will be able to meet the critical load demand making use of the power available in the EV connected. Emphasis has also been given to maintaining the stability of the system while performing shifts in operating modes and during sudden changes in the scenario. Different operating conditions are recognized by the power management module in the model and an appropriate power management strategy is applied. Real-time simulation of the model was done in OPAL-RT real-time simulator using RT-LAB software and simulation results were reproduced.

In this article, a better optimization method known as the Taguchi method is implemented for optimizing the designing parameters of PV integrated Shunt Active power filter (SAPF). The effect of these parameters on the performance of SAPF is also studied with the help of this method. This paper also signifies the benefits of using the Taguchi method for optimization over the existing particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. SAPF is a very popular device for power quality improvement through harmonics compensation. In non-conventional energy sources, solar is most widely used dues to its cost-effectiveness over other sources. Hence, PV integrated SAPF is considered for study for this article. Incremental conductance (IncCond) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is used to extract the maximum power from PV panel. Performance of this PV Integrated SAPF depends on many factors like reference current generation techniques, switching pulse generation technique and selection of SAPF designing parameters, etc. To get the optimum performance from SAPF, designing parameters like gains of PI-controller, coupling impedance, and dc-link capacitor need to be optimized. PV integrated SAPF is modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink. SAPF parameters are optimized by using both the proposed Taguchi method and the existing PSO algorithm and their results are analyzed. Simulation results are also verified using a laboratory-developed experimental setup.

This paper elaborates a hybrid synchronous reference frame method has been proposed for the distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) to enhance the compensation performance. This controller is designed in such a way that it generate the reference with respect to the change in load to reject the harmonics. Furthermore, a hysteresis controller is employed for switching pattern generation. Fuzzy logic controller is also implemented in MATLAB/simulink environment here to analyze the total harmonic distortion. Experimental analysis of the DSTATCOM demonstrates the potency and reliability of proposed controller over existing control strategy in the from of total harmonic distortion.

This article proposes the development of a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for grid integration of a single-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS). The performance of a GCPVS is influenced by uncertainties such as measurement noise, solar irradiance, photovoltaic (PV) operating point, aging of the dc-link capacitor, and variation in the filter impedance. In order to achieve the desired tracking performance under both nominal and parametric uncertainties, MRACs are designed for both the outer PV voltage control loop and the inner grid current control loop. The proposed control scheme comprises a reference model and a Lyapunov-based parameter adaptation scheme, which provides the nominal tracking performance despite uncertainties in the GCPVS dynamics. As a result, improved performance of the GCPVS is achieved in terms of low dc-link voltage ripple, superior power extraction, and improved grid power quality. The performance of the proposed adaptive controller is verified by pursuing simulation in MATLAB/Simulink followed by experimentation on a 2.5-kW GCPVS. The control algorithm is implemented in real time on the SPARTAN-6 FPGA scheme. The efficiency of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is obtained as 99.92%. The total harmonic distortion of grid currents and voltages at the point of common coupling is found to be less than 3%, which is well within the limit specified by the IEEE-1547 standard.

Grid-interactive microgrids have become a promising alternative to traditional centralized power systems as a result of the rising demand for reliable and sustainable energy solutions. DC microgrids (MG) based upon renewable energy sources (RES) are on the rise due to high energy efficiency and compact size than the AC microgrids. Microgrid equipped with hybrid energy storage system is sensible for a reliable and stable power supply to the system. Implementation of a potent control system makes sure of the system stability. A model predictive control (MPC) based control strategy is proposed due to its easy implementation approach and inclusion nonlinear dynamics & constraints of the controlled system. An efficient power allocation scheme is developed in this paper for a grid-interactive photovoltaic microgrid featuring a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The system-level power allocation scheme (PAS) considers the real-time data of load demands, generation, market energy cost, and energy storage state-of-charge to actively manage the power flow within the microgrid and also with the utility grid. The proposed control scheme uses a sophisticated model predictive current control for the DC/DC bi-directional converters control and model predictive combined power and voltage control is used for bidirectional interlink converter. The proposed control approach provides faster DC bus voltage recovery. The HESS consisting of battery and supercapacitor is used as energy buffers for responding to the fluctuation of power generation and demand for smoothing the PV power. The potency of the proposed controller is verified using MATLAB/Simulink (2021b) environment. Also, the real-time implementation of the proposed approach is carried out using the OPAL-RT OP4510 simulator.

This work investigates the performance of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under non-ideal source voltage conditions using a fuzzy logic controller. The single-phase instantaneous reactive power theory has been modified to explore the harmonic and reactive power compensation with distorted grid voltage excitation while transferring active and reactive power to the grid and the non-linear load. Instead of a traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, the proposed method implements a fuzzy logic controller for the extraction of the reference compensating current. This method is compared with the traditional single-phase instantaneous reactive power theory. The advantage associated with a fuzzy logic controller is that it does not need accurate mathematical modeling of the system, instead, it is based upon the linguistic characterization of the input and output variables. Besides, care has been taken to provide uninterrupted compensation throughout the variation of the solar irradiation level. The proposed method has also been verified through a laboratory-developed prototype using a DS1103 processor.

This paper shows the motivation towards the development of a dq-Proportional Resonant (PR) control strategy in shunt active power filter design for eliminations of distortions in source currents for different loading conditions. The switching signals for the inverter of shunt active power filter (APF) have been generated by the hysteresis current control scheme. The controller performance has been verified by using different types of loads such as non-linear balanced, unbalanced and variable etc., with the system in MATLAB/Simulink environment. An experimental prototype has also been developed in the laboratory and results are analyzed to validate the efficacy of the proposed controller.

This paper explores the effectiveness of neural network control technique to extract the source current references from the distorted waveform of load current. Artificial neural network (ANN) control technique working under balanced single phase voltage source conditions is implemented on the shunt active power filter (APF) along with unipolar pulse width modulation (U-PWM), proportional integral (PI) controller is used for generation of gate signal and regulation of direct current (DC) voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI). The U-PWM technique is based on simultaneously comparing a triangular high frequency carrier signal with a slow-varying regulation signal. A comparative analysis is made between the results obtained in this technique and synchronous detection technique; it is found that developed neural network controller is very much effective to enhance the power quality in a single phase system by minimising the total harmonic distortion to a level below IEEE-519. To validate the effectiveness of neural network controller, experimental results are provided using D-SPACE1104 which gives very encouraging results.

This paper presents the effectiveness of 5/5 Fuzzy rule implementation in Fuzzy Logic Controller conjunction with indirect control technique to enhance the power quality in single phase system, An indirect current controller in conjunction with Fuzzy Logic Controller is applied to the proposed shunt active power filter to estimate the peak reference current and capacitor voltage. Current Controller based pulse width modulation (CCPWM) is used to generate the switching signals of voltage source inverter. Various simulation results are presented to verify the good behaviour of the Shunt active Power Filter (SAPF) with proposed two levels Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC). For verification of Shunt Active Power Filter in real time, the proposed control algorithm has been implemented in laboratory developed setup in dSPACE platform.

In this paper a three phase fault analysis is done on a DFIG based grid integrated wind energy system. A Novel Active Crowbar Protection (NACB_P) system is proposed to enhance the Fault-ride through (FRT) capability of DFIG both for symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical grid faults. Hence improves the power quality of the system. The protection scheme proposed here is designed with a capacitor in series with the resistor unlike the conventional Crowbar (CB) having only resistors. The major function of the capacitor in the protection circuit is to eliminate the ripples generated in the rotor current and to protect the converter as well as the DC-link capacitor. It also compensates reactive power required by the DFIG during fault. Due to these advantages the proposed scheme enhances the FRT capability of the DFIG and also improves the power quality of the whole system. Experimentally the fault analysis is done on a 3hp slip ring induction generator and simulation results are carried out on a 1.7 MVA DFIG based WECS under different types of grid faults in MATLAB/Simulation and functionality of the proposed scheme is verified.

This paper introduces a novel power management strategy (PMS) that aims to facilitate power-sharing between battery and supercapacitor (SC) energy storage systems. The proposed technique is employed to resolve the discrepancy between power demand and generation, as well as to regulate the voltage of the dc bus. The implementation of a hybrid adaptive fuzzy integrated fractional order PD-PI controller (HAFI FPD-PI controller), in the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) results in enhanced regulation of the dc bus, while simultaneously minimising the levels of stress imposed on the battery. Moreover, the proposed PMS improves the lifespan of batteries by redirecting unwaged battery currents to SCs for rapid compensations. In addition, the stability study of dc microgrid is performed. The efficacy of the proposed PMS is evaluated by the utilisation of varying solar irradiation, wind speed, and load. The effectiveness of the proposed PMS was examined by simulations, which involved a comparison of peak deviations in the dc bus voltage with conventional PMS techniques used in literature. The real-time verification of the results has been conducted using OPAL-RT real-time simulator.

A model of a grid-integrated AC/DC microgrid with the assimilation of renewable energy resources and supercapacitors with battery storage-based hybrid energy storage is considered in this paper. The insertion of renewable resources and energy storage devices in the existing power grid requires rigorous analysis of the power balance and system stability. The microgrid is designed to absorb/deliver the defined power from/to the utility grid in a bidirectional manner. To simplify the power control strategy, the total power requirement in the system is divided into slow and fast varying components. So, the grid and battery will share the slowly varying components and the supercapacitor will suppress the fast varying components. This control strategy ensures improved performance by retaining the unity power factor operation of the grid, faster DC link voltage recovery, and harmonic mitigation. Again, a double-loop control structure based on small-signal modeling of the system is presented for stability analysis of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink results along with real-time simulation results are provided in this paper for verification of the proposed control technique.

This research paper discover the design of a shunt Passive Power Filter (PPF) in Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF) that employs a novel analytic methodology which is superior than FFT analysis. This novel approach consists of the estimation, detection and classification of the signals. The proposed method is applied to estimate, detect and classify the power quality (PQ) disturbance such as harmonics. This proposed work deals with three methods: the harmonic detection through wavelet transform method, the harmonic estimation by Kalman Filter algorithm and harmonic classification by decision tree method. From different type of mother wavelets in wavelet transform method, the db8 is selected as suitable mother wavelet because of its potency on transient response and crouched oscillation at frequency domain. In harmonic compensation process, the detected harmonic is compensated through Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF) based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT). The efficacy of the proposed method is verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK domain and as well as with an experimental set up. The obtained results confirm the superiority of the proposed methodology than FFT analysis. This newly proposed PPF is used to make the conventional HSAPF more robust and stable.

This paper proposes the integration scheme and operation of the Unified Power Quality conditioner (UPQC) with Photovoltaic source as distributed generations for power quality improvement. Thus, it provides a novel PV-grid integration configuration and prevents any adverse situation related to current or voltage in power system. Voltage related issues are maintained by the series part of UPQC and the current related issues are handles by shunt part of the UPQC. The various operation modes of PV-UPQC schemes are broadly classified according to the direction of power flow, (i) Interconnected mode, (ii) Islanding mode. PV-UPQC has advantage over the conventional UPQC scheme as it has developed the capability to compensate the voltage interruption problems Control algorithms for shunt and series part of the UPQC is implemented. Development of the proposed configuration has been designed in the laboratory with control algorithm implemented in dSPACE and results are discussed.

This paper presents a comparative analysis between a single phase shunt active power filter (SPSAPF) and a single phase shunt hybrid filter (SPSHPF) to improve the power quality using different control techniques such as hysteresis current control and hysteresis fuzzy combined current control technique along with a different fuzzy rule (7/7 and 5/5) to a distribution system. An indirect current control technique along with hysteresis current control strategy is implemented on both the filters to generate the switching signal used for turning on and off of the insulated gate bipolar transistor. The indirect current control technique that is implemented for both filters is based on extracting the source current reference from the distorted waveform of the load current. The Simulink models are prepared. Simulation results are obtained and compared for both the filters with the same control technique, and it is observed that in every case SPSHPF shows excellent results in comparison to SPSAPF.

A photovoltaic fed shunt power quality conditioner for harmonic and reactive power compensation is presented in this paper. A new control algorithm based on load active power consumption is implemented to improve the performance of the current controller under non-sinusoidal mains voltage condition. The presence of solar system decreases the voltage stress on the conventional supply system and also compensates a part of load active power during the availability of sunlight. A fixed band hysteresis current controller is used to generate switching pulses of insulated-gate bipolar transistor inverter. The concept is realised by time domain computer simulation of the model under different mains voltage, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault on load and dynamic load condition. The viability and effectiveness of the designed PVSAF and its competence in meeting the IEEE-519 recommended harmonic standard limits is also verified through experimentation.

The typical mode of operation of electric energy systems is unidirectional and they follow a top-down approach. A few large power plants feed the power grid and the aim is to ensure that the demand and supply are always balanced. The traditional energy management schemes in a grid are aimed towards energy system optimization. Although there is considerable experience with the optimization of energy production and distribution, researchers and industries are increasingly focused on the demand side. The reliable operation of a grid demands the electricity supply and load demand to be constantly and precisely balanced in real-time. However, it is difficult to achieve this balance since both supply and demand could change unexpectedly and significantly due to intermittent power surge/drop from Renewable Energy Resources (RES), sudden load changes, and forced outages in generation units or other components of the power grid. In such scenarios, Demand Side Management (DSM) in addition to generation control can help to manage and match the customer load with the supply system. Past research works have demonstrated how various heating and cooling loads in buildings/industries can be used as a Demand Side Storage (DSS). In this paper, a water storage plant has been used as a DSS. A novel Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) based Genetic algorithm has been utilized to optimize two different objectives. The first objective is to find the dispatch schedule of the DSS while improve the generation efficiency of the conventional generating plant. This has been achieved without affecting its overall intended operation. The second objective is to maximize the operational lifetime of the pumps in the water storage plant by reducing their switching operations. The results have been compared with those obtained from a deterministic and other AI methods in order to verify its effectiveness under various conditions. In addition, real time simulation results have also been provided for the same case study in an IEEE 24 bus test system.

This paper deals with two hybrid strategies for harmonic estimation of distorted power system signal. Harmonics estimation for a signal distorted with additive noise is an important aspect while dealing with power quality. For this reason, the two proposed methods, Kalman filter-modified genetic algorithm (KF-modified GA) and Kalman filter-bacterial foraging optimisation (KF-BFO), are employed for promoting the efficiency in estimation of harmonics. Simulation results are presented and compared in order to exemplify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. Improvement in both convergences for solution as well as processing time is demonstrated from algorithm.

Power quality has become major concern these days due to application of power electronic devices. Conventional equipment like passive filter, segregate series and shunt filters and synchronous condenser etc. have become inadequate to mitigate different power quality problems. Since, power quality mainly concerned with voltage quality and the current quality in the system. For voltage quality, series compensator is used and for current quality, shunt compensator is used. Further, when these two power quality problems are mitigated simultaneously, the device, which is used, called unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), in power distribution system. In this paper voltage related power quality problems such as (voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage and current distortion) are discussed and UPQC controller is simulated to mitigate these problems. There are different control techniques available for UPQC. Here one of them i.e., unit vector template generation (UVTG) is used to simulate UPQC controller. The considered system efficiently regulated the DC link voltage using properly tuned PI parameters. The proposed work is also validated using experimental results.

Real time Demand-Response algorithm is a real time price (RTP) based demand response (DR) algorithm which helps in obtaining optimal control of load devices in a facility. We form a virtual electricity trading process, where energy management center (EMC) calculates the virtual retail prices and allots to each device, from which devices purchases energy. Here EMC acts as the leader and devices in the facility are followers. So the Stackelberg game between one-leader and M-followers is formulated to extract interactions between them, and optimization problems are formed for each player of the game to assist in finding the optimal strategy. We also demonstrated the unique Stackelberg equilibrium of the Stackelberg game which gives the optimal strategy or optimal energy demands for each device. The results of the simulation showed that Stackelberg game based DR algorithm is successful to get the optimal load control of device at all RTP throughout the day.

The feasibility of integration of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) with a three-phase AC grid is being investigated in this paper. A converter is an inevitable part of a modern DC generating system. The link between the grid and the BESS is established through a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). Therefore, the converter can be utilized to dispatch the DC generated power to the connected AC grid and at the same time provides reactive power compensation and load harmonic compensation throughout the day. The DC bus voltage control of the converter system is carried out to keep the power factor always at unity, irrespective of the charging state of the battery source. The charging and discharging of the connected battery energy storage system are carried out through a bidirectional DC-DC converter. Adaptive hysteresis band current control (AHCC) scheme is employed to produce the switching signals. Finally, its performance is compared with the traditional hysteresis band control technique.

This paper presents a comparative assessment of two controllers, namely sliding mode controller and hysteresis controller for active power filtering of a grid integrated Photovoltaic (PV) system. These control algorithms were employed in Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) for active power filtering as well as for converting the dc voltage from PV array to 3-phase ac voltage. For superior tracking efficiency a modified Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (ICMPPT) algorithm is employed to extract maximum power from PV panels. A PI controller is used for regulation of dc link capacitor voltage. Instantaneous power theory based reference current generation is used for the active power filtering. Both sliding mode control algorithm and hysteresis control algorithm are designed for tracking the reference inverter current in order to elimination the grid current harmonics. The steady state and transient performances of the two controllers i. e. sliding mode controller and hysteresis controller are compared. These two control schemes are implemented on a grid connected PV system firstly using MATLAB/Simulink and then on an experimental setup developed in the laboratory. From the obtained simulation and experimental results, it is found that sliding mode controller exhibits superior performance such as better transient and steady state behavior under parameter uncertainties as compared to the hysteresis controller.

Elimination of harmonics by the use of power filters is required for power quality improvement; provides a wide area for the researchers to develop efficient power filters with improved control platforms. This paper motivates the implementation of the embedded control platform for better control of the power filters for faster elimination of harmonics. Although many embedded processors fascinates the implementation of the control techniques but finding the feasible platform is a great task. Software implementations are feasible for most of the power electronics converters but the hardware design with required digital hardware is a challenging task. The present paper deals with the development of the control technique for the Hybrid Active Power Filter with Xilinx System Generator Platform. The virtual FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) platform provided by the Xilinx System Generator has the ability to generate better switching signals for the control of the power filter to generate compensating signal for elimination of harmonics to maintain the power quality in the distribution lines. Experimental results obtained by the setup developed in the Power System Laboratory presents the effectiveness of the Embedded Platform. Various source voltage conditions also simulated and performance is verified for the developed Hybrid Active Power Filter.

This paper presents a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic power system with the capability of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) array and reactive power compensation. The non linear characteristics of the proposed modified p-q theory have been improved with the help of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. MPPT controller helps to feed the inverter with maximum power from the solar grid, for switching pattern generation hysteresis controller is used. The simulation results developed in MATLAB/Simulink software, verify the performance and advantages of the proposed system used to integrate the single phase grid to photovoltaic for enhancing the power quality. Also the proposed scheme has been verified in laboratory setup for its real time implementation.