Search

1,4-Dienes are important scaffolds widely used in natural products and medicinal compounds. Herein, we report a highly efficient method for the straightforward synthesis of 1,4-dienes viaregio- and stereoselective reductive coupling of alkynes and allenes, catalyzed by visible-light photoredox cobalt. In contrast to the conventional E-alkene products, both (Z,E)-and (E,E)-1,4-dienes were synthesized with good regio- and stereoselectivities under mild conditions. In this photoredox reaction, Hünig’s base and water were utilized as hydrogen sources instead of the commonly used Hantzsch esters. The mechanistic and density functional theory studies indicate that the reaction undergoes protolysis of a cobaltacyclopentene intermediate and photocatalytic E→Zisomerization of (E,E)-1,4-dienes to (Z,E)-1,4-dienes viaan energy transfer process.

This research explores the potential of energy storage investment with a focus on regional power users. An incentive-based demand response framework is constructed, emphasizing the aggregation of demand-side resources for active participation in the power market. Utilizing a data-driven approach, the improved Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model is employed to predict customer behavior in response to incentives. The primary objective is to maximize the life cycle benefit while minimizing the payback period for users investing in energy storage. By harnessing big data analytics, suitable users for energy storage investment are identified and optimal capacity allocation is determined. Given the current energy storage parameters and dynamics of electricity pricing, boundary values for profitable user energy storage capacities are derived. This methodology filters users with capacities exceeding these thresholds, marking them as potential candidates for energy storage deployment. Furthermore, a measurement model for iron phosphate batteries is introduced. Analysis of adjustable resource capacity, duration, and benefits for potential users provides insights into optimal energy storage investment strategies. Integrating configured energy storage batteries with time-of-use tariffs substantially reduces energy storage costs, leading to enhanced economic efficiency.

Heavy ingots, especially the ingot of more than 10 t, often contain detrimental heterogeneous defects, such as macrosegregation, shrinkage pipes, and cracks. Hot-top pulsed magneto-oscillation (HPMO) can refine the solidified structure of ingot and improve their homogeneity. However, it may exacerbate the positive segregation at the upper part of the ingot body. Thus, a round table HPMO riser with a feeding part was designed, and the microstructure and macrosegregation of Al–Si alloy ingots solidified with and without HPMO were investigated. The simulation and experimental results indicated that round table HPMO riser could enable fine and uniform solidified structures in the whole ingot body; in the meantime, feeding part allowed the melt with enriched solute to gather in the upper part of the riser until the last solidification stage of ingot. This provides an effective approach for obtaining highly homogenized ingots.

Aero-engine hollow turbine blades are work under prolonged high temperature, requiring high dimensional accuracy. Blade profile and wall thickness are important parameters to ensure the comprehensive performance of blades, which need to be measured accurately during manufacturing process. In this study, a high accuracy industrial computed tomography (ICT) measuring method was developed based on standard cylindrical pin and ring workpieces of different sizes. Combining ICT with cubic spline interpolation, a sub-pixel accuracy was achieved in measuring the dimension of component. Compared with the traditional and whole-pixel level image measurement method, the cubic spline interpolation algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy in image edge detection and thus high accuracy of dimensional measurement. Further, the technique was employed to measure the profile and wall thickness of a typical aerospace engine turbine blade, and an accuracy higher than 0.015 mm was obtained.

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of taurine supplementation on feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition, waste output, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, and intestinal microflora of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoidesthat were fed a low fish meal diet. Three isoproteic (49% crude protein) and isolipidic (9.5% crude lipid) diets were formulated: one diet contained 40% fish meal and served as the control (FM diet), and 60% of the fish meal in the FM diet was replaced by soybean meal either without taurine supplementation (SBM diet) or with 0.5% taurine supplementation (SBM+T diet). Lower feed intake, final body weight, weight gain, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index and a higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found in fish that received the SBM diet compared to fish that were fed the FM diet, but no significant difference was found in feed intake, final body weight, weight gain, FCR, condition factor, or hepatosomatic index between fish in the FM and SBM+T diet groups. No significant differences were found in nitrogen retention efficiency, body composition, nitrogen waste, or activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase among fish fed the different test diets, and the alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota also did not differ among diet groups. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes increased while the abundance of Fusobacteria decreased in the SBM diet group relative to the FM diet group; in contrast, dietary taurine (SBM+T diet) restored the abundance of Proteobacteria to a level similar to that in fish receiving the FM diet. This study suggests that the dietary fish meal level for Largemouth Bass can be reduced from 40% to 16% if soybean meal is used as an alternative protein with 0.5% taurine supplementation.

Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) films were synthesized by heat treatment of a Si/Mo/Si and Mo/Si sample systems at different temperatures in air. The onset temperature of MoSi2formation started from 350 ℃ and continued to 900 ℃ for both systems. Diffusion of Si into Mo in the Mo/Si system occurs at the same time and MoSi2forms. MoO3forms at 350 ℃ and evaporates off the film surface at 500 ℃, leading to a mass loss of Mo in the Mo–Si–O system. An impervious SiOxlayer is formed on the film surface at 600 ℃ and higher, preventing further oxidation of the film and facilitating the formation of MoSi within an oxygen-free environment. The Si cover layer in the Si/Mo/Si system prevents the outside O in air diffusing into the film and the Mo evaporating off the film until 900 ℃. The thermally driven diffusion mechanism is discussed.

An important step of somatic variant calling algorithms for deep sequencing data is quantifying the errors. For targeted sequencing in which hotspot mutations are of interest, site-specific error estimation allows more accurate calling. The site-specific error rates are often estimated from a panel of normal samples, which has limited size and is subject to sampling bias and variance. We propose a novel statistical validation method for single-nucleotide variation (SNV) calling based on historical data. The validation method extracts the high-quality reads from the Binary Alignment/Map (BAM) files, finds the negative samples in the data, and builds a statistical model to call individual samples. It is particularly useful in detecting low-frequency variants that may be missed by traditional panel of normal–based SNV methods. The proposed method makes it possible to launch a simple and parallel validation pipeline for SNV calling and improve the detection limit.

The recrystallization behaviors of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy during heat treatment at 1,200 °C for 4 h with various cooling rates were studied. Results show that the thickness of recrystallization layer decreases with the increase of cooling rate. In addition, the microstructures of γ′ phase in the recrystallization region are different in various cooling rates. In the high cooling rates (70, 100 °C·min−1), small size and high volume fraction of γ′ phases are formed in the recrystallization region. It is also found that irregular fine secondary γ′ phases are precipitated between matrix channels with an average size of 150 nm in the original matric (100 °C·min−1). The sizes of the secondary γ′ phase decrease with the increase of cooling rate. In contrast, large size and small volume fraction of γ′ phases are formed in the recrystallization region, and a grain boundary layer is formed under a low cooling rate (10 °C·minγ−1). The evolution mechanism of recrystallization at various cooling rates during heat treatment is analyzed.

Under the dual-carbon goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the Integrated Energy System (IES) enhances the power sector's environmental sustainability by integrating multiple energy sources. To enhance the low-carbon utilization of IES energy, this paper introduces an economic optimization model that incorporates stepwise carbon trading and both source and load-side resources. Initially, the model integrates a Concentrated Solar Power Plant (CSPP) with a Combined Heating and Power (CHP) unit for bidirectional electricity-heat conversion, and incorporates Power to Gas (P2G) and Carbon Capture System (CCS) for carbon recycling within the IES. On the demand side, demand response optimizes the electricity-heat load curve. Subsequently, a stepped carbon trading mechanism guides the system in controlling carbon emissions and constructing a carbon emission model. Finally, the model minimizes the sum of energy purchase costs, carbon transaction costs, demand response compensation costs, wind curtailment penalties, and equipment maintenance costs to optimize the IES economically. By establishing five scenarios for comparative analysis, incorporating CSPP, P2G-CCS, demand response, and a stepped carbon trading mechanism reduces system costs, carbon emissions, and abandonment rates by 21.1%, 30.87%, and 23.78%, respectively, validating the model's effectiveness in promoting a low-carbon economy.

Petrochemical wastewater contains a high concentration of refractory aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Bioremediation of these hazardous materials using autochthonous bioaugmentation (ABA) strategy is attracting increasing interest. Herein, an indigenous biosurfactant-producing bacteria Z11 was isolated and identified as Enterobacter sp. The reintroduction of Z11 into petrochemical wastewater led to a substantial reduction (P< 0.01) in TPHs, decreasing from 8099 to 1723 mg/L, as well as a significant decrease in COD, decreasing from 8064.2 to 1689.2mg/L. At a critical micelle concentration of 200mg/L, the biosurfactant synthesized by Z11 exhibited an extraordinary decrease in surface tension from 67.5 to 29 mN/m. The biosurfactant demonstrated favorable surface activity over a wide pH, temperature, and salinity range. Based on a series of chemical analyses, the biosurfactant was classified as phospholipid. The autochthonous bioaugmentation technique developed by Z11 indicated a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the degradation of n-alkanes of varying chain lengths and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The analysis of the microbial composition demonstrated that the addition of Z11 caused a rise in bacterial populations capable of hydrocarbon decomposition, such as Pseudomonassp. and Stenotrophomonassp. The activities of two enzymes involved in degradation, alkane hydroxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase, increased dramatically and showed a significant (P< 0.05) correlation with Enterobactersp. Z11. The proposed mechanism could be elucidated that functional genes regulate the secretion of biodegradation enzymes and biosurfactants to promote the deep degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. This study provides technical support for the reintroduction of autochthonous microorganisms capable of producing biosurfactants in implementing in situABA strategies.

Autophagy can protect stressed cancer cell by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind this cellular process remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that RSK2 (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2) plays a critical role in ER stress-induced autophagy in breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that the promotive effect of RSK2 on autophagy resulted from directly binding of AMPKα2 in nucleus and phosphorylating it at Thr172 residue. IRE1α, an ER membrane-associated protein mediating unfolded protein response (UPR), is required for transducing the signal for activation of ERK1/2-RSK2 under ER stress. Suppression of autophagy by knockdown of RSK2 enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ER stress both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of RSK2-mediated autophagy rendered breast cancer cells more sensitive to paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent that induces ER stress-mediated cell death. This study identifies RSK2 as a novel controller of autophagy in tumor cells and suggests that targeting RSK2 can be exploited as an approach to reinforce the efficacy of ER stress-inducing agents against cancer.

Temozolomide (TMZ) insensitivity and resistance are major causes of treatment failure and poor prognosis for GBM patients. Here, we identify LRRC4 as a novel autophagy inhibitor that restores the sensitivity of GBMs to TMZ. LRRC4 was associated with the DEPTOR/mTOR complex, and this interaction resulted in autophagy inhibition. Further investigation demonstrated that the PDZ binding domain of LRRC4 binds to the PDZ domain of DEPTOR. This binding decreases the half-life of DEPTOR via ubiquitination, thus inhibiting GBM cell autophagy and increasing the TMZ treatment response of GBM. Combined LRRC4 expression and TMZ treatment prolonged the survival of mice with tumour xenografts. Furthermore, the levels of LRRC4, DEPTOR and autophagy are clinically relevant for GBM, indicating that LRRC4 is likely to have significant potential as a therapeutic marker and target for TMZ treatment in glioma patients.

A three-tiered thermal interface materials was proposed with the through-plane thermal conductivity up to176 W m−1K−1and contact thermal resistance as low as 4–6 K mm2W−1(double sides).The liquid metal acts as a buffer layer to connect vertically aligned graphene with the rough heater/heat sink, improving effective contact thermal conductance by more than an order of magnitude.

Ectopic epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in facilitating tumorigenesis. Here, we first demonstrated that ANKDD1A is a functional tumor suppressor gene, especially in the hypoxia microenvironment. ANKDD1A directly interacts with FIH1 and inhibits the transcriptional activity of HIF1α by upregulating FIH1. In addition, ANKDD1A decreases the half-life of HIF1α by upregulating FIH1, decreases glucose uptake and lactate production, inhibits glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) autophagy, and induces apoptosis in GBM cells under hypoxia. Moreover, ANKDD1A is highly frequently methylated in GBM. The tumor-specific methylation of ANKDD1A indicates that it could be used as a potential epigenetic biomarker as well as a possible therapeutic target.

Using both numerical and experimental methods, we studied the effect of coil configuration of pulsed magneto-oscillation (PMO) on distribution of electromagnetic field, flow field and solidification structure with the same pulse current parameters in Al ingots. We designed and constructed three types of coils: surface pulsed magneto-oscillation, hot-top pulsed magneto-oscillation (HPMO) and combined pulsed magneto-oscillation (CPMO). PMO treatment refined the solidification structure in all the ingots. The configuration of the PMO, however, introduced differences in magnetic field intensity, electromagnetic force, Joule heat, flow field, equiaxed grain zone, grain size and growth direction of columnar grains. The largest equiaxed grain zone was found in CPMO treated ingot, and the smallest grain size was found in both HPMO and CPMO treated ingots. Numerical simulation indicated that difference in electromagnetic field and flow field resulted in differences in solidification structure. HPMO is more advantageous over others for large ingot production.

To control the distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel is of highly commercial importance. A newly developed method, hot-top pulsed magneto-oscillation (HPMO), was employed to control nonmetallic inclusions in a medium-carbon steel ingot. The experimental results present that the position of nonmetallic inclusions of spinel (Al–Mg–O) and Mn–S inclusions is significantly influenced by HPMO. The number of nonmetallic inclusions gradually increased from the lateral wall to the center of ingot along the radial direction under the impact of HPMO treatment, whereas this distribution trend cannot be observed in the reference sample without HPMO treatment. In addition, the number of inclusions along vertical direction is proportional to the height of ingot, especially for the inclusions with the size of larger than 10 μm. It indicates that the application of HPMO can push away inclusions from lateral to center, and then the expelled inclusions aggregate and rise up to the top of ingot.

Solidification process of 231 t 30Cr2Ni4MoV ingot manufactured by slow cooling process was studied using experimental and numerical simulations, which tackled the problems of high cost and long period in large ingot studying. Based on the numerical results of large ingot, five characteristic locations under different temperature gradients and cooling rates chosen from the large ingot were simulated. The experiments were performed under the same temperature conditions as in numerical simulations with specialized instrument. The influences of temperature gradient in the solid–liquid interface and solidification rate on the size and morphology of solidification structure were analyzed at cooling rate ranging from 10−3to 10−2°C s−1. Solidification macrostructure and microstructure showed that no columnar dendrite was found in any specimen. The grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing decreased at larger cooling rate, and the relationship between secondary dendrite arm spacing and local solidification time or cooling rate was determined.

As a new trend in the development of science, the interdisciplinary intersection is a new direction of education transformation reform as well as an important way to cultivate the compound innovative talents needed for economic and social development. The interdisciplinary graduate students in universities are the main source of innovative talents in China. MIT, Cambridge University, the University of Tsukuba and other famous foreign universities have accumulated many typical experience of interdisciplinary postgraduate education in integrating educational resources and innovating educational system and mechanism. In this regard, Chinese universities should clearly define the educational objectives, establish an suitable selection mechanism, reform the educational mode and improve the quality guarantee system for the graduate students in interdisciplinary studies, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new iterative scheme by hybrid projection method is proposed for a finite family of Bregman totally quasi-D-asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Conditions ensuring strong convergence are imposed to common elements of set of common fixed points of the mappings and set of common solutions to a system of generalized mixed equilibrium problems in a reflexive Banach space. These results extend many important recent ones in the literature.

A facile method has been developed to fabricate ZnO microstructures by a solution route at an 80°C. The microstructures with various morphologies were fabricated in water or anhydrous ethanol by using polyvinylpyrrolidone and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactants. ZnO rods with aspect ratios up to 30 have been created successfully in water through a hydrothermal process, while novel shuttle-like ZnO microstructures were fabricated in anhydrous ethanol using a similar procedure. ZnO rods revealed wurtzite-type crystal structure according to their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The morphologies of ZnO microstructures were adjusted conveniently by changing solvents and surfactants. In addition, the sizes of ZnO microstructures decreased under a long reaction time. This morphological evolution of ZnO microstructures indicated that the growth of ZnO is susceptive to reaction time due to the reaction between ZnO and aqueous ammonia. The facile strategy described here would be utilizable for the preparation of various metal oxide microstructures.

In view of the severity of oceanic pollution, based on the finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM), a Lagrangian particle-tracking model was used to numerically investigate the coastal pollution transport and water exchange capability in Tangdao Bay, in China. The severe pollution in the bay was numerically simulated by releasing and tracking particles inside it. The simulation results demonstrate that the water exchange capability in the bay is very low. Once the bay has suffered pollution, a long period will be required before the environment can purify itself. In order to eliminate or at least reduce the pollution level, environmental improvement measures have been proposed to enhance the seawater exchange capability and speed up the water purification inside the bay. The study findings presented in this paper are believed to be instructive and useful for future environmental policy makers and it is also anticipated that the numerical model in this paper can serve as an effective technological tool to study many emerging coastal environment problems.

The effect of a 6T high magnetic field on the microstructure of directionally solidified NiAl-Cr (Mo)-Si near-eutectic alloy was investigated at the withdrawal rates of 2, 10 and 50 μm/s. The results showed that the microstructure evolved from planar eutectic to primary NiAl dendrites + cellular eutectic and then to dendritic eutectic with the increasing withdrawal rate. When the magnetic field was imposed, the well-aligned eutectic lamellae were disturbed and transformed into a wavy one at 2 μm/s. When the withdrawal rate increased to 10 μm/s, the application of the magnetic field destroyed the primary NiAl dendrite array and caused the occurrence of columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) of the NiAl dendrites. The volume fraction of primary dendrites also decreased. In addition, the width of intercellular/interdendritic regions decreased in cellular/dendritic eutectic structures when directionally solidified under the magnetic field. The above results should be attributed to the combined action of the thermoelectric magnetic force and the thermoelectric magnetic convection.

Mikania micranthais a fast-growing global invasive weed species that causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and very large economic losses of forest and crop production. It has advantages in photosynthesis, including a similar net photosynthetic rate as C4plants and a higher carbon fixation capacity. We used a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches to study the evolutionary mechanisms and circadian expression patterns of M. micrantha. In M. micrantha, 16 positive selection genes focused on photoreaction and utilization of photoassimilates. In different tissues, 98.1% of the genes associated with photoresponse had high expression in stems, and more than half of the genes of the C4cycle had higher expression in stems than in leaves. In stomatal opening and closing, 2 genes of carbonic anhydrase (CAs) had higher expression at 18:00 than at 8:00, and the slow anion channel 1 (SLAC1) and high-leaf-temperature 1 kinase (HT1) genes were expressed at low levels at 18:00. In addition, genes associated with photosynthesis had higher expression levels at 7:00 and 17:00. We hypothesized that M. micranthamay undergo photosynthesis in the stem and flower organs and that some stomata of the leaves were opening at night by CO2signals. In addition, its evolution may attenuate photoinhibition at high light intensities, and enhance more efficient of photosynthesis during low light intensity. And the tissue-specific photosynthetic types and different diurnal pattern of photosynthetic-related genes may contribute to its rapid colonization of new habitats of M. micrantha.

Electroplating Ni-W coatings have been prepared on medium carbon steel substrate by using nickel sulphate and sodium tungstate as precursors. The microstructures, phase compositions and performances of the as-prepared coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS, AFM, XRD, microhardness tester and wear tester, respectively. The surface morphologies after wearing were observed and the wear mechanism was discussed. The corrosion behaviors of the coatings before and after heat-treatments were evaluated by anodic polarization in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. The results show that no obvious flaws could be found in the Ni-W alloy coatings and there was a good bond with the matrix. The microhardness of the coatings increased with increasing heat treatment temperature, reaching its maximum value for heat treatment at 500°C, and then droped down. Wear resistance of the coatings was found to be better than that of 16 Mn steel and the heat treatment improved the hardness and wear resistance. The corrosion resistance of the heat-treated coatings increased with increasing the annealing temperature, and best corrosion resistance could be obtained at the temperature of 500°C.

A novel restricted-access media molecularly imprinted magnetic microsphere (RAM-MIMM) was prepared by an initiator-transfer agent-terminator (iniferter) method. The iniferter was synthesized by coating magnetic nanoparticles with silica-gel, modifying them with an amino-group and reacting with 4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. The molecularly imprinted magnetic microsphere (MIMM) was prepared using florfenicol (FF) as the template, itaconic acid (ITA) as the functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the cross-linker, and the iniferter as the surface initiator in anhydrous ethanol solvent. The hydrophilic external layer of the MIMM was formed by iniferter polymerization using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as monomer, followed by hydrolysis of the linear poly(GMA). The obtained RAM-MIMMs were characterized by TEM, TGA, FT-IR and adsorption experiments. The Fe3O4magnetic microspheres were demonstrated to have average diameters around 230 nm and coating thicknesses in the range 20–30 nm. The RAM-MIMMs exhibited high selectivity (1.68) with respect to the imprinted cavities and a hydrophilic external surface with water compatibility and exclusion biomacromolecules. The RAM-MIMMs were used for magnetic dispersion extraction of FF from milk samples. Average recoveries were in the range 85.4–94.7% with a precision of 2.95–4.97%. The limits of detection and quantitation of the proposed method were in the ranges 4.40–18.31 μg kg−1and 14.66–61.02 μg kg−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to fast clean-up and selective enrichment of florfenicol in milk.

The article takes Shanxi Lu’an Group Yuxin Coal Mines as an example, establishing a model to simulate the impact of groundwater processes in different time periods Yuxin mining process through MODFLOW software. And evaluates the predictive region groundwater level and groundwater environment changing trends run of mine production.Model fit with satisfactory results. Due to there's watershed area in groundwater exploitation and the groundwater flow along the limestone layer excretion which is in the valley around, the groundwater has three flow directions in the Mining area and the flow field is very complex.Obviously,it is more difficult to understand the mining impact on groundwater exploit ation process. The article combines theoretical study with practical investigation. According to the simulation results of Yuxin Coal Mines, showing more clearly the impact of coal mining under complex boundary conditions on groundwater. Provide for the study of the impact of post-mining groundwater reference, while providing the basis for the supervision and management of local government departments and post Yuxin coal mining operation, and also provide a favorable basis for the protection of drinking water for local residents.

Analyze the actual operating conditions of the high pressure feed-water pump; discuss its negative effects on the safety and economic benefits to the enterprise. Propose the use of high-voltage inverter on high-pressure feed-water pump with variable frequency and adjustable speed control. Specify its implementation and problems encountered in the implementation process and the countermeasures.

Building construction usually delay by various kinds of reason during construction and equipment installation process. It maybe cause total duration to be delayed by one work delaying, also it maybe not affect the total duration. It depend on nature of the work and time delayed above the two situationgs. Firstly activity-on-arrow network is introduced in the article, secondly critical path and total float are analysed, then we have controlled and analysed the construction progress by using total float in the actual projection, finally we have made the conclusion.

In order to achieve higher speed and better efficiency of the plastic buckle molding, Imageware, the reverse design software, was adopted in this paper to process the point cloud data of the plastic buckle, mesh feature lines and reconstruct the surface,and then the reconstructed plastic buckle model was imported into UG and saved in STL format with the powerful surface repair function of UG to suture discontinuous surfaces. Mold Wizards of UG, the mold design module, was used to create mold assembly model, design parting surface, generate three-dimensional solid model of molding parts according to STL format saved previously and eventually the injection-molded plastic buckle was analyzed with Moldflow / MPI. As was indicated, the optimized design parameters tally with the experimental results basically.

Fine Chemicals is an important direction and inevitable trend of development of China's petrochemical industry. In order to occupy the commanding heights of industry development strategy, many domestic chemical companies enhance their ability to resist risks, fine chemical products to take extended strategy. However, due to the fine chemicals own characteristics, while enterprises is in product extension, they are often faced with complex decision problems. Based on all of those, multi-product programs projects preferred aand the main product of the extension when siting evaluation are research.

According to the principle of Preparation about Reactive powder concrete (RPC),selection of local raw materials,the use of orthogonal experimental design method,carried out research of RPC mixing proportion design. Finally get the RPC optimal mix of meeting engineering requirement. By the range analysis and variance analysis of the test data of mix,obtained the influence law about water-cement ratio,steel fiber content, sand type,curing regime on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength .

Explosion containment structure (chamber) is used to protect personnel and experimental equipment during the destruction of explosion environmental for research blasting or disposal exploder. Reinforced concrete has advantiage of low cost and simple process in buliding ,so it was usually used of buliding the structure of resist explosion.This paper demonstrates reinforced concrete structures character of resist explosion under envirmonent of filling sand,the hoop strain of structure central cross section were measured loaded by different mass explosive charges,the safe criterion of reinforced concrete structure was obtained. Loaded by the explosion,the damage mechanics of reinforced concrete structure that diameter equal to height was analysed,and the method for avoiding the structure fail was suggest.

PbTe nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized by a novel method at low temperature. Pb acetate being solved in glycerol and Te in TOP solution were used as the precursors for the preparation of PbTe nanocrystals. The as-prepared products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UVvis absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These data, together with analysis of the absorption spectra, allowed us to observe the size dependence of the peaks in the absorption spectrum. The size-dependent optical spectra of the PbTe nanocrystals exhibits wide tunable band gap energies varying from UV visible range to near IR region, which corresponds to a huge blue shift of 3.0 eV in comparison to the bulk counterpart. Keywords: 1. PbTe nanocrystals, 2. optical properties, 3. wide tunable band gap, 4. microstructure

To reduce the adhesion of blood cells to the pyrolytic carbon surface of heart valve prosthesis, pyrolytic carbon is utilized as the foundation material for the realization of surface super-hydrophobicity. In this process, 10% PVP in concentration is used as the raw material and netted fiber film is textured on the surface of pyrolytic carbon material via electrostatic spinning method at the voltage of 12KV. The experiment results show that the contact angle of the pyrolytic carbon surface amounts to 154o after electrostatic spinning treatment and many porous structures are formed on the fiber film. The conclusion is thus reached that fiber film featured by super-hydrophobicity is attributable to the inability to fill the fiber meshes of liquid drops, which retain the air beneath and then give rise to this super-hydrophobic feature.

n order to reduce the adherence of platelets to the pyrolytic carbon surface of cardiac valve prosthesis, micro patterns are textured on the surface by nanosecond laser. As the basement, the textured pyrolytic carbon then reacts with formamide and zinc by hydrothermal method for preparation of globular ZnO film. In the process, the formamide concentration should be 10%, temperature at 70°C and the time lasts for 24 hours. Subsequently, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is employed for observation of its characteristics and morphologies and Optical Contact Angle Measuring Device (OCA) for measurement of contact angles. The experimental results indicate that the ZnO film produced on the textured pyrolytic carbon surface is a globular structure, similar to dandelions and the contact angle with super-hydrophobicity feature is 155 o. So it is concluded that globular ZnO film makes the rough pyrolytic carbon surface endowed with the characteristic of super-hydrophobicity.

The solid-state graphitization process of spherical graphite iron after electropulsing pretreatment was observed in-situ by using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HTCSLM). The influence of electropulsing pretreatment on the decomposition of cementite and the formation of graphite during the solid-state graphitization was studied. The result indicates that the electropulsing pretreatment can accelerate the decomposition of cementite, and make more neonatal graphite in small size be formed near the cementite. The neonatal graphite nucleates and grows chiefly at the temperature range of 800 to 850 °C, and the average growth rate of neonatal graphite is 0.034 μm2/s during the heating process. For the spherical graphite iron after normal and electropulsing pretreatment, the decomposition rate of cementite during the heating process is 0.16 and 0.24 μm2/s, respectively. Analysis shows that the electropulsing pretreatment promotes the dislocation accumulation near the cementite, consequently, the decomposition of cementite and the formation of neonatal graphite is accelerated during the solid-state graphitization.

The solid-state graphitization process of spherical graphite iron after electropulsing pretreatment was observed in-situ by using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HTCSLM). The influence of electropulsing pretreatment on the decomposition of cementite and the formation of graphite during the solid-state graphitization was studied. The result indicates that the electropulsing pretreatment can accelerate the decomposition of cementite, and make more neonatal graphite in small size be formed near the cementite. The neonatal graphite nucleates and grows chiefly at the temperature range of 800 to 850°C, and the average growth rate of neonatal graphite is 0.034 μm2/s during the heating process. For the spherical graphite iron after normal and electropulsing pretreatment, the decomposition rate of cementite during the heating process is 0.16 and 0.24 μm2/s, respectively. Analysis shows that the electropulsing pretreatment promotes the dislocation accumulation near the cementite, consequently, the decomposition of cementite and the formation of neonatal graphite is accelerated during the solid-state graphitization.

As a sequel to the study in determining the permeability of the porous media composed of obstacles of different sizes, exhaustive numerical calculations were conducted using the same two-dimensional numerical models of square rods as in the previous study. The models consist of collections of square rod obstacles of two-, three-, four- and five-different sizes. Computations were carried out to reveal the details of microscopic velocity and pressure fields. There results are integrated to find the macroscopic pressure gradients for collections of multi-sized obstacles. The Ergun type general formula has been proposed along with a definition of an effective average size, which, when substituted into the formula, yields a reasonable estimate for the macroscopic pressure drops in multi-sized obstacles.

By the in situ compatibilization, PP/POE blends were prepared with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator, Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as co-during systems and the metallocene polyolef in elastomers ploy (ethylene-1-octene) (POE) as toughening rubber. The effects of additive amount for TMPTA、POE on the mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that the maximum value of the room-temperature and low-temperature impact strength for the composite was reached to 52.03KJ/m2 and 37.29KJ/m2, and the elongationfor was reached to 482.74%.

In order to systematically study on dynamic mechanics character of granite, impact compression experiments and impact flattened Brazilian disc specimens of granite have been investigated with modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental facility, curve about stress versus strain and other parameter at strain rates of 23.9/s～108.4/s were obtained from impact compression. The dynamic tensile strength and critical tensile failure strain at strain rates of 2.3/s～25.6/s were obtained from impact flattened Brazilian. The experimental result show that dynamic compression strength , elastic modulus and failure strain，dynamic tensile strength significantly increase comparing to quasi-static experiment, and the above mechanics parameter include dynamic strength etc will increase with strain rate increasing, granite have the character of impact harding and ductility enhancement. The failure degree of failure will increase with increasing strain rate under impact compression; the failure configurations of the specimens present an center splitting mode under impact flattened Brazilian experiments. Whether impact compression or impact splitting under strain rate including this paper ’s experiments, the relationship between the DIFC or DIFT and the logarithm of strain rate is linear.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of magnesium alloy AZ91D by laser surface melting (LSM) with a 2kW continuous wave CO2 laser. The microstructure of the laser surface melted zone consists of fine dendrites with an average grain size of less than 10μm. Micro hardness of the melted zone was improved to 70-85HV as compared to 53HV of the substrate. The wear behavior of the laser surface melted layer was investigated using a ball-on-flat apparatus under dry sliding condition. Compared with the as-received AZ91D, the wear volume of the laser surface melted layer was decreased by 51%, the wear resistance of the laser surface melted layer was improved significantly.

•LvRPL4-Land LvRPS16were expressed in all selected tissues.•LvRPL4-Land LvRPS16were up-regulated in WSSV challenged shrimp.•IE1and VP28were up-regulated in LvRPL4-L- or LvRPS16-silenced shrimp.•Viral copy numbers and cumulative mortality rate were also up-regulated in LvRPL4-L- or LvRPS16-silenced shrimp.